Development of a new automatic water intake measurement and recording system to monitor individual water drinking behaviors of cattle
Öz
Water is the most vital nutrient directly affecting the production performance and comfort of cattle. Sufficient amount of clean water must be provided in order to obtain the optimum yields in milk and meat production. Measuring individual water intakes of cattle on a farm is not commonly practiced because it requires huge amount of human work. Determining daily water drinking behaviors of cattle can give information about their welfare, health and inadequate farm practices. The aim of this study was to develop a new automatic water intake measurement and recording system giving an opportunity to monitor individual water drinking behaviors of cattle. The developed system consists of three main units: mechanical unit, electronic unit and data storage/processing unit. The mechanical unit holds different components together and provides durability with its installation to the ground. The electronic unit collects the RFID tag number and the amount of water intakes for cattle during a day and sends wirelessly them to the data storage/processing unit during each drinking event. Data storage and processing unit saves the data to its database and makes necessary calculations. A field test with dairy cows was done to determine the performance of the developed system. The cows had 80.55 to 164.41 liters of daily free water intakes, 581 to 2870 seconds of daily water intake durations and 13 to 40 of daily drinking events.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Precision livestock farming Animal monitoring Internet of things Data acquisition
Destekleyen Kurum
Tübitak
Proje Numarası
116O332
Teşekkür
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) (Research project number: 116O332) for this research.
Kaynakça
- Anonymous, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
- Axegärd, C., 2017. Individual drinking water intake of dairy cows in an AMS barn. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-6462 (Access date: November 15, 2019)
- Banhazi, T.M., Lehr, H., Black, J.L., Crabtree, H., Schofield, P., Tscharke, M., Berckmans, D., 2012. Precision livestock farming: an international review of scientific and commercial aspects. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 5(3): 1-9.
- Berry, D.P., Buckley, F., Dillon, P., 2007. Body condition score and live-weight effects on milk production in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Animal, 1(9): 1351-1359.
- Cardot, V., Le Roux, Y., Jurjanz, S., 2008. Drinking behavior of lactating dairy cows and prediction of their water intake. Journal of Dairy Science, 91:2257-2264.
- Halachmi, I., Guarino, M., 2016. Precision livestock farming: a ‘per animal’approach using advanced monitoring technologies. Animal, 10(9): 1482-1483
- Huzzey, J.M, Von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Weary, D.M., 2005. Changes in feeding, drinking, and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Dairy Science, 88: 2454-2461.
- Jago, J. G., Roche, J. R., Kolver, E.S., Woolford, M.W., 2005. The drinking behaviour of dairy cows in late lactation. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 65:209-214.
- Meyer, U., Everinghoff, M., Gȁdeken, D., Flachowsky, G., 2004. Investigations on the water intake of lactating dairy cows. Livestock Production Science, 90: 117 – 121.
- Morris, C.A., Hickey, S.M., Thom, E.R., Waugh, C.D., 2010. Daily water intake by individual dairy cows on a pasture diet during mid lactation. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 70:257-260.
- Murphy, M. R., 1992. Water metabolism of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(1): 326-333.
- Murphy, M.R., Davis, C.L., McCoy, G.C., 1983. Factors affecting water consumption by Holstein cows in early lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 66:35-38.
- Vijayakumar, M., Park, J.H., Ki, K.S., Lim, D. H., Kim, S.B., Park, S.M., Kim, T.I., 2017. The effect of lactation number, stage, length, and milking frequency on milk yield in Korean Holstein dairy cows using automatic milking system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(8): 1093-1098.
- Wieclaw, B., Czajkowski, Z., Tupaj, C. and Voelkel, J., 1973. An influence of drinking on milking capacity and certain blood properties of cows. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Kolniczej w Szczecinie, 41:63–71.
- Wijesinha-Bettoni, R, Burlingame, B., 2013. Milk and dairy product composition. In: Milk and Dairy Product in Human Nutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Rome), pp41-51.
Sığırların bireysel su içme davranışlarının izlenmesi için yeni bir otomatik su alımı ölçüm ve kayıt sisteminin geliştirilmesi
Öz
Su, sığırların üretim performansını ve konforunu doğrudan etkileyen, yaşamsal öneme sahip bir besindir. Süt ve et üretiminde optimum verimi elde etmek için yeterli miktarda temiz suyun temin edilmesi gerekmektedir. Çok yüksek miktarlarda insan emeği gerektirdiği için çiftliklerde sığırların bireysel su alımının ölçümü yapılmamaktadır. Sığırların günlük su içme davranışlarının belirlenmesi, sığırların refahı, sağlığı ve uygun olmayan çiftlik uygulamaları hakkında bilgi verebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sığırların bireysel su içme davranışlarını izleme imkanı verecek yeni bir otomatik su alımı ölçüm ve kayıt sisteminin geliştirilmesi olmuştur. Geliştirilen sistem; mekanik ünite, elektronik ünite ve veri toplama/işleme ünitesi olmak üzere üç ana üniteden oluşmaktadır. Mekanik ünite farklı parçaları birlikte tutmakta ve yere montajıyla dayanım sağlamaktadır. Elektronik ünite, her bir su içme olayı için su içen hayvanın RFID küpe numarasını ve içtiği su miktarını toplamakta ve kablosuz olarak veri depolama/işleme ünitesine göndermektedir. Veri depolama/işleme sistemi gelen verileri veri tabanında saklamakta ve gerekli hesaplamaları yapmaktadır. Geliştirilen sistemin performansını belirlemek için süt ineklerinin kullanıldığı saha denemesi yapılmıştır. Her bir ineğin 80.55 ile 164.41 litre aralığında günlük su alımı, 581 ile 2870 saniye aralığında günlük su içme süresi ve günlük su içme sayısı 13 ile 40 aralığında olmuştur
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hassas hayvansal üretim Hayvan izleme Nesnelerin interneti Veri toplama
Proje Numarası
116O332
Kaynakça
- Anonymous, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
- Axegärd, C., 2017. Individual drinking water intake of dairy cows in an AMS barn. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-6462 (Access date: November 15, 2019)
- Banhazi, T.M., Lehr, H., Black, J.L., Crabtree, H., Schofield, P., Tscharke, M., Berckmans, D., 2012. Precision livestock farming: an international review of scientific and commercial aspects. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 5(3): 1-9.
- Berry, D.P., Buckley, F., Dillon, P., 2007. Body condition score and live-weight effects on milk production in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Animal, 1(9): 1351-1359.
- Cardot, V., Le Roux, Y., Jurjanz, S., 2008. Drinking behavior of lactating dairy cows and prediction of their water intake. Journal of Dairy Science, 91:2257-2264.
- Halachmi, I., Guarino, M., 2016. Precision livestock farming: a ‘per animal’approach using advanced monitoring technologies. Animal, 10(9): 1482-1483
- Huzzey, J.M, Von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Weary, D.M., 2005. Changes in feeding, drinking, and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Dairy Science, 88: 2454-2461.
- Jago, J. G., Roche, J. R., Kolver, E.S., Woolford, M.W., 2005. The drinking behaviour of dairy cows in late lactation. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 65:209-214.
- Meyer, U., Everinghoff, M., Gȁdeken, D., Flachowsky, G., 2004. Investigations on the water intake of lactating dairy cows. Livestock Production Science, 90: 117 – 121.
- Morris, C.A., Hickey, S.M., Thom, E.R., Waugh, C.D., 2010. Daily water intake by individual dairy cows on a pasture diet during mid lactation. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 70:257-260.
- Murphy, M. R., 1992. Water metabolism of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(1): 326-333.
- Murphy, M.R., Davis, C.L., McCoy, G.C., 1983. Factors affecting water consumption by Holstein cows in early lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 66:35-38.
- Vijayakumar, M., Park, J.H., Ki, K.S., Lim, D. H., Kim, S.B., Park, S.M., Kim, T.I., 2017. The effect of lactation number, stage, length, and milking frequency on milk yield in Korean Holstein dairy cows using automatic milking system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(8): 1093-1098.
- Wieclaw, B., Czajkowski, Z., Tupaj, C. and Voelkel, J., 1973. An influence of drinking on milking capacity and certain blood properties of cows. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Kolniczej w Szczecinie, 41:63–71.
- Wijesinha-Bettoni, R, Burlingame, B., 2013. Milk and dairy product composition. In: Milk and Dairy Product in Human Nutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Rome), pp41-51.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 116O332 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Haziran 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 28 Nisan 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2 |
