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The Role of Gut Microbiota on Appetite Hormones

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 68 - 71, 06.04.2022

Öz

The fact that obesity has reached alarm level worldwide shows that this problem has practical and manageable limitations, both prevention and treatment options. It is known that obesity is effective in the emergence of many diseases such as asthma, depression and cancer, especially cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity, which shows a complex development, is mainly due to the chronically positive energy homeostasis. Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in maintaining this homeostasis. Microbiota is called all the microorganisms in the human body, and it acts as an organ by contributing directly or indirectly to many metabolic, structural and protective physiological functions of the host. Many of these functions are mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced from carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion by the microbiota. SCFA (butyrate, propionate, acetate) activate some hormone and signaling pathways and have a significant effect on appetite and body weight regulation. In this review, the effects of SCFAs on some gastrointestinal appetite hormones will be explained and predictions will be shared about their role in metabolism and their potential to be used as new molecular targets.

Kaynakça

  • 1.SAN-CRISTOBAL, Rodrigo, et al. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2020, 16.6: 305-320.
  • 2.KHAN, Muhammad Jaffar, et al. Role of gut microbiota in the aetiology of obesity: proposed mechanisms and review of the literature. Journal of obesity, 2016.
  • 3.DEN BESTEN, Gijs, et al. Protection against the metabolic syndrome by guar gum-derived short-chain fatty acids depends on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and glucagon-like peptide-1. PLoS One, 2015, 10.8: e0136364.
  • 4.HU, Jiamiao, et al. Short-chain fatty acids in control of energy metabolism. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2018, 58.8: 1243-1249.
  • 5.BYRNE, C. S., et al. The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. International journal of obesity, 2015, 39.9: 1331-1338.
  • 6.FROST, Gary, et al. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nature communications, 2014, 5.1: 1-11.
  • 7.TOLHURST, Gwen, et al. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein–coupled receptor FFAR2. Diabetes, 2012, 61.2: 364-371.
  • 8.CHU, Huikuan, et al. Small metabolites, possible big changes: a microbiota-centered view of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut, 2019, 68.2: 359-370.
  • 9.CANFORA, Emanuel E.; JOCKEN, Johan W.; BLAAK, Ellen E. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2015, 11.10: 577-591.
  • 10.ZHI, Cuiting, et al. Connection between gut microbiome and the development of obesity. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019, 38.11: 1987-1998.
  • 11.KIMURA, Ikuo, et al. The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. Nature communications, 2013, 4.1: 1-12.
  • 12.YADAV, Hariom, et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion. Journal of biological chemistry, 2013, 288.35: 25088-25097.
  • 13.PSICHAS, A., et al. The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents. International journal of obesity, 2015, 39.3: 424-429.
  • 14.CHAMBERS, Edward S., et al. Dietary supplementation with inulin-propionate ester or inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota, plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses: a randomised cross-over trial. Gut, 2019, 68.8: 1430-1438.
  • 15. TIMPER, Katharina; BRÜNING, Jens C. Hypothalamic circuits regulating appetite and energy homeostasis: pathways to obesity. Disease models & mechanisms, 2017, 10.6: 679-689.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 68 - 71, 06.04.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1.SAN-CRISTOBAL, Rodrigo, et al. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2020, 16.6: 305-320.
  • 2.KHAN, Muhammad Jaffar, et al. Role of gut microbiota in the aetiology of obesity: proposed mechanisms and review of the literature. Journal of obesity, 2016.
  • 3.DEN BESTEN, Gijs, et al. Protection against the metabolic syndrome by guar gum-derived short-chain fatty acids depends on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and glucagon-like peptide-1. PLoS One, 2015, 10.8: e0136364.
  • 4.HU, Jiamiao, et al. Short-chain fatty acids in control of energy metabolism. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2018, 58.8: 1243-1249.
  • 5.BYRNE, C. S., et al. The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. International journal of obesity, 2015, 39.9: 1331-1338.
  • 6.FROST, Gary, et al. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nature communications, 2014, 5.1: 1-11.
  • 7.TOLHURST, Gwen, et al. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein–coupled receptor FFAR2. Diabetes, 2012, 61.2: 364-371.
  • 8.CHU, Huikuan, et al. Small metabolites, possible big changes: a microbiota-centered view of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut, 2019, 68.2: 359-370.
  • 9.CANFORA, Emanuel E.; JOCKEN, Johan W.; BLAAK, Ellen E. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2015, 11.10: 577-591.
  • 10.ZHI, Cuiting, et al. Connection between gut microbiome and the development of obesity. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019, 38.11: 1987-1998.
  • 11.KIMURA, Ikuo, et al. The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. Nature communications, 2013, 4.1: 1-12.
  • 12.YADAV, Hariom, et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion. Journal of biological chemistry, 2013, 288.35: 25088-25097.
  • 13.PSICHAS, A., et al. The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents. International journal of obesity, 2015, 39.3: 424-429.
  • 14.CHAMBERS, Edward S., et al. Dietary supplementation with inulin-propionate ester or inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota, plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses: a randomised cross-over trial. Gut, 2019, 68.8: 1430-1438.
  • 15. TIMPER, Katharina; BRÜNING, Jens C. Hypothalamic circuits regulating appetite and energy homeostasis: pathways to obesity. Disease models & mechanisms, 2017, 10.6: 679-689.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Gülşah Alyar 0000-0003-3628-6664

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Alyar G (01 Nisan 2022) The Role of Gut Microbiota on Appetite Hormones. International Journal of PharmATA 2 2 68–71.