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Effects Of Some Essentıal Oil Compounds On Vase Life Of Cut Hydrangea Flowers

Yıl 2020, - Türkiye 13. Ulusal, I. Uluslararası Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 172 - 179, 07.04.2020

Tuğba Kılıç Soner Kazaz Ezgi Doğan Elçin Gözde Ergür Şahin

Öz

The usage
of hydrangeas in ornamental plants and especially cut flower has been
increasingly important in recent years. One of the most important problems is
the short vase life due to early wilting in cut hydrangea flowers. Essential
oils are safety and ecologically friendly materials and they are used as food,
cosmetic and medical purpose. They are also thought to be alternative substances
for increasing the vase life of cut flowers. This study was conducted to
determine the effects of some essential oil compounds on the vase life of cut
hydrangea flowers. Hydrangea macrophylla
'Ankong Rose' variety used as a plant material and 3 different concentrations
of thymol and carvacrol (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L) with and without 10g/L
sucrose as a vase solution. Vase life, relative fresh weight, solution uptake
were recorded. Thymol and carvacrol were significantly found effective on vase
life of cut hydrangea flowers. The highest vase life (12.14 days) was recorded
in thymol (150mg/L)+sucrose which was in the same statistically group with
carvacrol (150mg/L)+sucrose. Thymol (150mg/L)+sucrose increased the vase life
by 41.66% compared to control (distilled water). The study indicated that
thymol can be used successfully in increasing cut hydrangea flowers’ vase life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carvacrol cut flower essential oils hydrangea thymol vase life

Kaynakça

  • Abu Seman, H.H. and Mohd Rafdi. H.H., 2019. Effects of Salicylic Acid and Sucrose Solution on Vase Life of Cut Antigonon Leptopus Inflorescences and Their Potential as Cut Flowers for Flower Arrangement. Universiti Malaysia Terenggan Journal of Undergraduate Research 1(1): 80-91.
  • Alaey, M., Babalar, M., Naderi, R. and Kafi. M., 2011. Effect of Pre and Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment on Physio-Chemical Attributes in Relation to Vase-Life of Rose Cut Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology 61: 91–94.
  • Amini, S., Arab, Rahemi, M., Rahimi, A.R. and Garmakhany, A.D., 2016. Effect of Thyme Essential Oil on Vase Life of Two Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 19(3): 734-742.
  • Anonymous, 2018. Annual report, annualreport.royalfloraholland.com (Accessed: August 15, 2019).
  • Asrar, A.W.A., 2012. Effects of Some Preservative Solutions on Vase Life and Keeping Quality of Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) Cut Flowers. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 11: 29-35.
  • Babarabie, M., Zarei, H. and Varasteh, F., 2015. The Effect of Rosemary Essential Oils and Thymol on Vase Life and Some Physiological Characteristics of Alstroemeria Cut Flowers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 4(3): 122-126.
  • Basiri, Y., Zarei, H., Mashayekhy, K. and Pahlavany, H., 2011. Effect of Rosemary Extract on Vase Life and Some Qualitative Characteristics of Cut Carnation Flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. ‘white librity’). Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research 2(14): 261-265.
  • Bayat, H., Geimadil, R. and Saadabad, A.A., 2013. Treatment with Essential Oils Extends the Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products 2: 163-169.
  • Bazaz, A.M. and Tehranifar, A., 2011. Effect of Ethanol, Methanol and Essential Oils as Novel Agents to Improve Vase-Life of Alstroemeria Flowers. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 5(14): 41-46.
  • Bhanushree, M.R. and Hariprasad Rao, N., 2015. Effect of Mineral Salt Solutions on Post–Harvest Life of Cut Gerbera (gerbera jamesonii bolus ex. hook) cv. Lomborgini. Plant Archives 15(1): 471-473.
  • Bidarigh, S., 2015. Improvement Vase Life of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum L.) Cut Flowers Using Essential Oils of Geranium, Eucalyptus and Myrtus. Journal of Ornamental Plants 5(4): 213-221.
  • Crocoll, C., 2011. Biosynthesis of the Phenolic Monoterpenes, Thymol and Carvacrol, by Terpene Synthases and Cytochrome P450s in Oregano And Thyme. PhD Thesis, Frie-drich-Schiller-Universitat, 143p.
  • Dhifi, W., Bellili, S., Jazi, S., Bahloul, N. and Mnif, W., 2016. Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Critical Review. Medicines 3(4): 25-41. DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040025.
  • Elgimabi, M.N. and Ahmed, O.K., 2009. Effects of Bactericides and Sucrose-Pulsing on Vase Life of Rose Cut Flowers (Rosa hybirida). Botany Research International 2(3): 164-168.
  • Fulcher, A., Owen, J.S. and LeBude, A., 2016. Hydrangea Production: Species-Specific Production Guide, https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1840-B.pdf, (Accessed August 16, 2019).
  • Han, F., Ma, G.Q. Yang, M., Yan, L., Xiong, W., Shu, J.C. Zhao, Z.D. and Xu, H.L., 2017. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Different Parts of the Oregano. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 18(1):79-84. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1600377.
  • Hashemabadi, D., Zarchini, M., Hajivand, S., Safa, Z. and Zarchini. S., 2013. Effect of Antibiotics and Essential Oils on Postharvest Life and Quality Characteristics of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower. Journal of Ornamental Plants 3(4): 259-265.
  • Hashemi, M., Mirdehghan, S.H. and Farahmand, H., 2013. The Effects of Thymol, Menthol and Eugenol on Quality and Vase-Life of Chrysanthemum Cut Flowers. Iran Agricultural Research 32(2): 55-70.
  • He, S., Joyce, D.C., Irving, D.E. and Faragher, J.D., 2006. Stem End Blockage in Cut Grevillea ‘crimson yul-lo’ Inflorescences. Postharvest Biology and Technology 41(1): 78-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.03.002.
  • Ichimura, K., 1998. Improvement Of Postharvest Life in Several Cut Flowers by the Addition of Sucrose. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 32: 275-280.
  • Jedrzejuk, A., Rochala, J., Zakrzewski, J. and Rabiza-´Swider, J., 2012. Identification of Xylem Occlusions Occurring in Cut Clematis (clematis l., fam. ranunculaceae juss.) Stems during Their Vase Life. The Scientific World Journal 2012: 1-12. doi:10.1100/2012/749281.
  • Jones, R., 2001. Caring for Cut Flowers. Landlinks Press, 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing.
  • Kazaz, S., Doğan, E., Kılıç, T., Şahin, E.G.E. and Seyhan, S., 2019. Influence of Holding Solutions on Vase Life of Cut Hydrangea Flowers (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28(4A/2019): 3554-3559.
  • Kazemi, M. and Ameri, A., 2012. Response of Vase-Life Carnation Cut Flower to Salicylic Acid, Silver Nanoparticles, Glutamine and Essential Oil. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 6(3): 122-131.
  • Kitamura, Y., Kato, Y., Yasui, T., Aizawa, H. and Ueno, S., 2017. Relation between Increases in Stomatal Conductance of Decorative Sepals and the Quality of Antique-Stage Cut Hydrangea Flowers. The Horticulture Journal 86(1): 87-93.
  • Lauridsen, U.B., Lütken, H. and Müller, R., 2015. Ethylene Responses in Hydrangea macrophylla - Leaf Abscission, Flower Development and Postharvest Performance. European Journal of Horticultural Science 80(4), 149-154.
  • Lü, P., Cao, J., He, S., Liu, J., Li, H., Cheng, G., Ding, Y. and Joyce, D.C., 2010. Nano-silver Pulse Treatments Improve Water Relations of Cut Rose cv. Movie star Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology 57(3): 196-202.
  • Memar, M.Y., Raei, P., Alizadeh, N., Akbari, A., Masoud K. and Hossein. S., 2017. Carvacrol and Thymol Strong Antimicrobial Agents Against Resistant Isolates. Reviews in Medical Microbiology 28(2): 63-68.
  • Salehi Salmi, M.R., Falehi Hoseini, M., Heidari M. and Daneshvar M.H., 2018. Extending Vase Life of Cut Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Bacara by Essential Oils. Advances in Horticultural Science 32(1): 61-69.
  • Seyf, M., Khalighi, A., Mostofi, Y. and Naderi, R., 2012. Study on the Effect of Aluminum Sulfate Treatment on Postharvest Life of the Cut Rose ‘Boeing’ (Rosa hybrida cv.Boeing). Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology 16(3):128-132.
  • Soad, M.M.İ., Lobna, S.T. and Rawia, A.E., 2011. Extending Postharvest Life and Keeping Quality of Gerbera Cut-Flowers Using Some Chemical Preservatives. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 7(7): 1233-1239.
  • Solgi, M., Kafi, M., Taghavi, S.T. and Naderi, R., 2009. Essential Oils and Silver Nanoparticles (snp) as Novel Agents to Extend Vase-Life of Gerbera (gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Dune’) Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology 53(2009): 155-158.
  • Tauzin A.S. and Giardina, T., 2014. Sucrose and Invertases, a Part of the Plant Defense Response to the Biotic Stresses. Frontier in Plant Science 5(293): 1-8.
  • Thakur, L.K., Roy, S., Prajapati, R., Singh, M.K., Raza, S.K., Mangave, B.D., Singh, A. and Jha, S., 2014. Development and Evaluation of Environment & User Friendly Turmeric Oil Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Formulations for Postharvest Quality and Life in Rose cv. Poison. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research 5(1): 178-185.
  • Tuna, S., 2012. Kesme Gül ve Gerbera Çiçeklerinin Vazo Ömrünü Artırmak için Bazı Uçucu Yağlar ve Ana Bileşenlerinin Kullanım Olanakları. Master thesis, University of Suleyman Demirel, Department of Horticulture, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Zhou, F., Ji, B., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Yang, Z., Li, J., Li, J., Ren, Y. and Yan, W., 2007. Synergistic Effect of Thymol and Carvacrol Combined with Chelators and Organic Acids Against Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of Food Protection 70(7): 1704-1709. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1704.

Bazı Uçucu Yağ Bileşenlerinin Kesme Çiçek Ortancaların Vazo Ömrü Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2020, - Türkiye 13. Ulusal, I. Uluslararası Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 172 - 179, 07.04.2020

Tuğba Kılıç Soner Kazaz Ezgi Doğan Elçin Gözde Ergür Şahin

Öz

Dünyada ortancaların süs bitkileri ve
özellikle kesme çiçek sektöründe kullanımı son yıllarda giderek yaygınlık
göstermektedir. Kesme çiçek ortancalarda hasat sonrası karşılaşılan sorunların
başında çiçeklerin erken solması nedeniyle vazo ömrünün kısa olması
gelmektedir. Bitkisel uçucu yağlar insan sağlığı açısından güvenli ve çevre
dostu maddeler olup gıda, kozmetik ve tıbbi kullanımların yanı sıra kesme
çiçeklerde hasat sonrası ömrün artırılmasında alternatif olmaya aday
maddelerdir. Bazı uçucu yağların kesme çiçek ortancaların vazo ömrüne
etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülen çalışmada, bitkisel materyal olarak Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. türüne ait
olan pembe çiçekli 'Ankong Rose' çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, vazo
solüsyonu olarak timol ve karvakrolün 3 farklı dozu (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L ve 150
mg/L) ile bunların 10g/L sakaroz içeren kombinasyonları kullanılmıştır.
Çiçeklerde; vazo ömrü ve oransal taze ağırlığın yanı sıra günlük ve toplam vazo
solüsyon alımları incelenmiş ve uçucu yağların çiçeklerin vazo ömrünü önemli
derecede etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Uygulamalar arasında en uzun vazo ömrü
(12.14 gün), kontrole (saf su) göre vazo ömrünü %41.66 oranında artıran timol
(150 mg/L)+sakaroz uygulamasından elde edilirken, bunu 12.0 gün ile karvakrol
(150 mg/L)+sakaroz uygulaması izlemiştir. Çalışma, özellikle timolün kesme
çiçek ortancaların vazo ömrünü artırmada başarılı bir şekilde
kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karvakrol kesme çiçek ortanca timol uçucu yağlar vazo ömrü

Kaynakça

  • Abu Seman, H.H. and Mohd Rafdi. H.H., 2019. Effects of Salicylic Acid and Sucrose Solution on Vase Life of Cut Antigonon Leptopus Inflorescences and Their Potential as Cut Flowers for Flower Arrangement. Universiti Malaysia Terenggan Journal of Undergraduate Research 1(1): 80-91.
  • Alaey, M., Babalar, M., Naderi, R. and Kafi. M., 2011. Effect of Pre and Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment on Physio-Chemical Attributes in Relation to Vase-Life of Rose Cut Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology 61: 91–94.
  • Amini, S., Arab, Rahemi, M., Rahimi, A.R. and Garmakhany, A.D., 2016. Effect of Thyme Essential Oil on Vase Life of Two Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 19(3): 734-742.
  • Anonymous, 2018. Annual report, annualreport.royalfloraholland.com (Accessed: August 15, 2019).
  • Asrar, A.W.A., 2012. Effects of Some Preservative Solutions on Vase Life and Keeping Quality of Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) Cut Flowers. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 11: 29-35.
  • Babarabie, M., Zarei, H. and Varasteh, F., 2015. The Effect of Rosemary Essential Oils and Thymol on Vase Life and Some Physiological Characteristics of Alstroemeria Cut Flowers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 4(3): 122-126.
  • Basiri, Y., Zarei, H., Mashayekhy, K. and Pahlavany, H., 2011. Effect of Rosemary Extract on Vase Life and Some Qualitative Characteristics of Cut Carnation Flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. ‘white librity’). Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research 2(14): 261-265.
  • Bayat, H., Geimadil, R. and Saadabad, A.A., 2013. Treatment with Essential Oils Extends the Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products 2: 163-169.
  • Bazaz, A.M. and Tehranifar, A., 2011. Effect of Ethanol, Methanol and Essential Oils as Novel Agents to Improve Vase-Life of Alstroemeria Flowers. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 5(14): 41-46.
  • Bhanushree, M.R. and Hariprasad Rao, N., 2015. Effect of Mineral Salt Solutions on Post–Harvest Life of Cut Gerbera (gerbera jamesonii bolus ex. hook) cv. Lomborgini. Plant Archives 15(1): 471-473.
  • Bidarigh, S., 2015. Improvement Vase Life of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum L.) Cut Flowers Using Essential Oils of Geranium, Eucalyptus and Myrtus. Journal of Ornamental Plants 5(4): 213-221.
  • Crocoll, C., 2011. Biosynthesis of the Phenolic Monoterpenes, Thymol and Carvacrol, by Terpene Synthases and Cytochrome P450s in Oregano And Thyme. PhD Thesis, Frie-drich-Schiller-Universitat, 143p.
  • Dhifi, W., Bellili, S., Jazi, S., Bahloul, N. and Mnif, W., 2016. Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Critical Review. Medicines 3(4): 25-41. DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040025.
  • Elgimabi, M.N. and Ahmed, O.K., 2009. Effects of Bactericides and Sucrose-Pulsing on Vase Life of Rose Cut Flowers (Rosa hybirida). Botany Research International 2(3): 164-168.
  • Fulcher, A., Owen, J.S. and LeBude, A., 2016. Hydrangea Production: Species-Specific Production Guide, https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1840-B.pdf, (Accessed August 16, 2019).
  • Han, F., Ma, G.Q. Yang, M., Yan, L., Xiong, W., Shu, J.C. Zhao, Z.D. and Xu, H.L., 2017. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Different Parts of the Oregano. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 18(1):79-84. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1600377.
  • Hashemabadi, D., Zarchini, M., Hajivand, S., Safa, Z. and Zarchini. S., 2013. Effect of Antibiotics and Essential Oils on Postharvest Life and Quality Characteristics of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower. Journal of Ornamental Plants 3(4): 259-265.
  • Hashemi, M., Mirdehghan, S.H. and Farahmand, H., 2013. The Effects of Thymol, Menthol and Eugenol on Quality and Vase-Life of Chrysanthemum Cut Flowers. Iran Agricultural Research 32(2): 55-70.
  • He, S., Joyce, D.C., Irving, D.E. and Faragher, J.D., 2006. Stem End Blockage in Cut Grevillea ‘crimson yul-lo’ Inflorescences. Postharvest Biology and Technology 41(1): 78-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.03.002.
  • Ichimura, K., 1998. Improvement Of Postharvest Life in Several Cut Flowers by the Addition of Sucrose. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 32: 275-280.
  • Jedrzejuk, A., Rochala, J., Zakrzewski, J. and Rabiza-´Swider, J., 2012. Identification of Xylem Occlusions Occurring in Cut Clematis (clematis l., fam. ranunculaceae juss.) Stems during Their Vase Life. The Scientific World Journal 2012: 1-12. doi:10.1100/2012/749281.
  • Jones, R., 2001. Caring for Cut Flowers. Landlinks Press, 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing.
  • Kazaz, S., Doğan, E., Kılıç, T., Şahin, E.G.E. and Seyhan, S., 2019. Influence of Holding Solutions on Vase Life of Cut Hydrangea Flowers (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28(4A/2019): 3554-3559.
  • Kazemi, M. and Ameri, A., 2012. Response of Vase-Life Carnation Cut Flower to Salicylic Acid, Silver Nanoparticles, Glutamine and Essential Oil. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 6(3): 122-131.
  • Kitamura, Y., Kato, Y., Yasui, T., Aizawa, H. and Ueno, S., 2017. Relation between Increases in Stomatal Conductance of Decorative Sepals and the Quality of Antique-Stage Cut Hydrangea Flowers. The Horticulture Journal 86(1): 87-93.
  • Lauridsen, U.B., Lütken, H. and Müller, R., 2015. Ethylene Responses in Hydrangea macrophylla - Leaf Abscission, Flower Development and Postharvest Performance. European Journal of Horticultural Science 80(4), 149-154.
  • Lü, P., Cao, J., He, S., Liu, J., Li, H., Cheng, G., Ding, Y. and Joyce, D.C., 2010. Nano-silver Pulse Treatments Improve Water Relations of Cut Rose cv. Movie star Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology 57(3): 196-202.
  • Memar, M.Y., Raei, P., Alizadeh, N., Akbari, A., Masoud K. and Hossein. S., 2017. Carvacrol and Thymol Strong Antimicrobial Agents Against Resistant Isolates. Reviews in Medical Microbiology 28(2): 63-68.
  • Salehi Salmi, M.R., Falehi Hoseini, M., Heidari M. and Daneshvar M.H., 2018. Extending Vase Life of Cut Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Bacara by Essential Oils. Advances in Horticultural Science 32(1): 61-69.
  • Seyf, M., Khalighi, A., Mostofi, Y. and Naderi, R., 2012. Study on the Effect of Aluminum Sulfate Treatment on Postharvest Life of the Cut Rose ‘Boeing’ (Rosa hybrida cv.Boeing). Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology 16(3):128-132.
  • Soad, M.M.İ., Lobna, S.T. and Rawia, A.E., 2011. Extending Postharvest Life and Keeping Quality of Gerbera Cut-Flowers Using Some Chemical Preservatives. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 7(7): 1233-1239.
  • Solgi, M., Kafi, M., Taghavi, S.T. and Naderi, R., 2009. Essential Oils and Silver Nanoparticles (snp) as Novel Agents to Extend Vase-Life of Gerbera (gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Dune’) Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology 53(2009): 155-158.
  • Tauzin A.S. and Giardina, T., 2014. Sucrose and Invertases, a Part of the Plant Defense Response to the Biotic Stresses. Frontier in Plant Science 5(293): 1-8.
  • Thakur, L.K., Roy, S., Prajapati, R., Singh, M.K., Raza, S.K., Mangave, B.D., Singh, A. and Jha, S., 2014. Development and Evaluation of Environment & User Friendly Turmeric Oil Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Formulations for Postharvest Quality and Life in Rose cv. Poison. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research 5(1): 178-185.
  • Tuna, S., 2012. Kesme Gül ve Gerbera Çiçeklerinin Vazo Ömrünü Artırmak için Bazı Uçucu Yağlar ve Ana Bileşenlerinin Kullanım Olanakları. Master thesis, University of Suleyman Demirel, Department of Horticulture, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Zhou, F., Ji, B., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Yang, Z., Li, J., Li, J., Ren, Y. and Yan, W., 2007. Synergistic Effect of Thymol and Carvacrol Combined with Chelators and Organic Acids Against Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of Food Protection 70(7): 1704-1709. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1704.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Tuğba Kılıç 0000-0002-0528-7552

Soner Kazaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6644-9690

Ezgi Doğan

Elçin Gözde Ergür Şahin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8088-797X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Nisan 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2019
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 - Türkiye 13. Ulusal, I. Uluslararası Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç, T., Kazaz, S., Doğan, E., Ergür Şahin, E. G. (2020). Effects Of Some Essentıal Oil Compounds On Vase Life Of Cut Hydrangea Flowers. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi172-179.

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