Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 31.07.2018
Öz
'Green Revolution', a production form based on heavy use of chemicals, hybrid seeds, agricultural machinery and intensive irrigation has become widespread almost all around the world. It is claimed to have increased food production and solved the problem of starvation, but today is under debate because of its harmfull effects on environment and human health. The related literature has focused specifically on manufacturers and users of agricultural chemicals. However, there is an intermediate retailer ring, mostly agricultural engineers, where agricultural producers obtain their inputs and get information and advice on agricultural production. For this reason, in terms of public health and food safety, it is important to determine the retailers' level of sensitivity to environment and human health. The present study focused on the agricultural input retailers in the city of Adana, which is one of the most important basins in Turkey. Totally, 513 agricultural input retailers are located in Adana. In study, approximately 10% of these agricultural input retailers (50 retailers) were interviewed using face to face questionnaires. The study investigated their sensitivity to the environment and human health and also focused on the concept of alienation. Data obtained were evaluated using SPSS software and employing Chisquare independence tests. The study shows that, regardless of the level of education and income, the agricultural input retailers acknowledge that the products they market are harmful to the environment and human health but prefer to ignore this issue on account of financial and technical concerns.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akbaba, Z., B., 2010. Evaluation of Citrus Farming and Insecticide Use of Adana Province. Master thesis, Çukurova University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, s. 80. Adana.
- Anonymous, 2013. Putting the Cartel Before the Horse and Farms Seeds, Soils , Peasants, etc.- Who will Control Agricultural Inputs, 2013, No.111, Viewed 13 September 2017, <http://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files /CartelBeforeHorse11Sep2013.pdf>.
- Aydoğan, E., 2015. 'Alienation Concept by Marx and His Predecessors', Atatürk University Journal of Faculty of Letters, Vol. 54, pp. 273-282.
- Bayram, B., Yolcu H. & Aksakal V., 2007. 'Organic Farming in Turkey and it's Problems'. Atatürk University Journal of the Agricultural Faculty, Vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 203-206.
- Burnett, J., 1990. 'Ecology, economics and the environment'. The Royal Bank of Scotland Review, Vol. 167, pp. 3-15.
- Engdahl, F., W., 2009. Seeds of Destruction. İstanbul: Bilim+Gönül Publishing. Ertürk, E.,Y., Bulak, Y. and Uludağ, A., 2012. 'Environmental Awareness of Agricultural Enterprises in the Igdir Province of Turkey at Implementation of Plant Protection'. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, Vol. 1, no, 4, pp. 393-401.
- Foster, B., J., 2013. The Vulnerable Planet. Ankara: Epos Publishing. Gimenez, E., H. and Shattuck, A., 2011. 'Food Crisis, Food Regimes And Food Movements: Rumblings of Reform or Tides of Transformation?'. Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 109-144.
- Kahn, J., R., 1991. 'Atrazine pollution and chesapeake fisheries', in N. Hanley (ed.), Farming And Countryside: An Economic Analysis Of External Costs And Benefits, Oxford: CAB International, pp. 137-58.
- Karaer, F. and Gürlük, S., 2003. 'The Agri-Environment-Economic Relationships in The Developing Countries'. Doğuş University Journal, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 197-206.
- Madeley, J., 2002. Food for All- The Need for a New Agriculture, London, Zed Books.
- Munasinghe, M., 1993. Environmental Economics and Sustainability. Paper no. 3, The World Bank Environment, Washington DC.
- Olhan, E., 1997. 'Environmental Pollution Problems Caused by Input Using and Organic Farming Applicayion in Turkish Agriculture: Manisa Example, PhD thesis, Ankara University Graduate School Of Natural and Applied Sciences.
- Ollman, B., 2008. Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society, İstanbul: Yordam Publishing.
- Özalp, B. and Güldal, H., T., 2017. 'Sensitiveness of Maize Producers on to Environmental and Human Health in Terms of Hybrid Seed, Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide: Case of Adana'. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 13- 24.
- Özden, F., 2017. 'Some Aspects of Capitalist Domination from Nature to the Consumer, Alienation and Alternatives in Agriculture'. Praksis, No. 43, pp. 741-764.
- Ploeg, J., D. Van der, 2011. 'Bir Kez Daha Köylü Üretim Tarzı Üzerine', in Alternative and New Approaches on Rural Development, Öztürk, M., Dadak, T. & Jongerden, J. (der.), The Heinrich Böll Foundation Turkey Representation, İstanbul, pp. 7-38.
- Tolan, B., 1981. Depression Of Contemporary Society, Anomie and Alienation Ankara: AİTİA Publishing.
- Tümertekin, E. and N. Özgüç, 2009. Economic Geography, İstanbul: Çantay. WHO, 1999. The WHO Recommended Classification Of Pesticides By Hazard, And Guidelines To Classification 1998-1999,
- WHO/PCS/98.21, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva Yapıcı, M., 2004. 'Education and Alienation. Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1- 9.
- Yılmaz, H., Demircan, V. and Gül, M., 2009. 'Determining Farmers' Information Sources in Chemical Fertilizer Use and Their Evaluation in terms of Agricultural Extension'. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of The Faculty of Agriculture, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 31-44.
- Yılmaz, S. and Sarpkaya, P., 2009. 'Alienation in Educational Organizations and Its' Management'. Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 314-333
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 31.07.2018
Öz
“Yeşil Devrim” olarak adlandırılan, gıda üretiminde kimyasal gübre ve ilaçların yoğun kullanıldığı, hibrid tohumlara, ağır tarımsal makinalara ve yoğun sulamaya dayalı üretim şekli, günümüzde hemen hemen bütün dünyaya yayılmış durumdadır. Gıda üretimini önemli düzeyde arttırdığı, dünyadaki açlık sorununu çözdüğü iddia edilen “Yeşil Devrim”, çevreye ve insan sağlığına verdiği zararlar nedeniyle bugün artık tartışma konusudur. Bu konudaki bilimsel literatür tarım kimyasalları üreten firmalar ile bu kimyasalları kullanan üreticiler özelinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Ancak bu zincirde bir ara halka olarak zirai bayiler de mevcuttur. Çoğunluğu Ziraat Mühendisi olan bu bayiler, üreticilerin tarımsal girdileri tedarik ettikleri, tarımsal üretime dair her türlü konuda bilgi aldıkları, danıştıkları birer işletmedirler. Bu nedenle halk sağlığı ve gıda güvenliği açısından, üreticiler kadar zirai bayilerin de çevre ve insan sağlığına duyarlılık düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırmada Türkiye'nin en önemli tarım havzalarından biri olan Adana ilindeki zirai bayilerin, çevre ve insan sağlığına duyarlılıkları, yabancılaşma kavramı temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma alanı olan Adana ilinde toplam 513 zirai bayi bulunmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında bu zirai bayilerin yaklaşık %10'u (50 bayi) ile yüz yüze anket metodu vasıtasıyla görüşülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve Khi-kare bağımsızlık testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda zirai bayilerin, eğitim ve gelir seviyesi fark etmeksizin, satışını gerçekleştirdikleri ürünlerin çevreye ve insan sağlığına zararlı olduğunu düşündükleri ancak iktisadi ve teknik kaygılardan dolayı bu olguyu göz ardı etmeyi tercih ettikleri anlaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akbaba, Z., B., 2010. Evaluation of Citrus Farming and Insecticide Use of Adana Province. Master thesis, Çukurova University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, s. 80. Adana.
- Anonymous, 2013. Putting the Cartel Before the Horse and Farms Seeds, Soils , Peasants, etc.- Who will Control Agricultural Inputs, 2013, No.111, Viewed 13 September 2017, <http://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files /CartelBeforeHorse11Sep2013.pdf>.
- Aydoğan, E., 2015. 'Alienation Concept by Marx and His Predecessors', Atatürk University Journal of Faculty of Letters, Vol. 54, pp. 273-282.
- Bayram, B., Yolcu H. & Aksakal V., 2007. 'Organic Farming in Turkey and it's Problems'. Atatürk University Journal of the Agricultural Faculty, Vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 203-206.
- Burnett, J., 1990. 'Ecology, economics and the environment'. The Royal Bank of Scotland Review, Vol. 167, pp. 3-15.
- Engdahl, F., W., 2009. Seeds of Destruction. İstanbul: Bilim+Gönül Publishing. Ertürk, E.,Y., Bulak, Y. and Uludağ, A., 2012. 'Environmental Awareness of Agricultural Enterprises in the Igdir Province of Turkey at Implementation of Plant Protection'. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, Vol. 1, no, 4, pp. 393-401.
- Foster, B., J., 2013. The Vulnerable Planet. Ankara: Epos Publishing. Gimenez, E., H. and Shattuck, A., 2011. 'Food Crisis, Food Regimes And Food Movements: Rumblings of Reform or Tides of Transformation?'. Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 109-144.
- Kahn, J., R., 1991. 'Atrazine pollution and chesapeake fisheries', in N. Hanley (ed.), Farming And Countryside: An Economic Analysis Of External Costs And Benefits, Oxford: CAB International, pp. 137-58.
- Karaer, F. and Gürlük, S., 2003. 'The Agri-Environment-Economic Relationships in The Developing Countries'. Doğuş University Journal, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 197-206.
- Madeley, J., 2002. Food for All- The Need for a New Agriculture, London, Zed Books.
- Munasinghe, M., 1993. Environmental Economics and Sustainability. Paper no. 3, The World Bank Environment, Washington DC.
- Olhan, E., 1997. 'Environmental Pollution Problems Caused by Input Using and Organic Farming Applicayion in Turkish Agriculture: Manisa Example, PhD thesis, Ankara University Graduate School Of Natural and Applied Sciences.
- Ollman, B., 2008. Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society, İstanbul: Yordam Publishing.
- Özalp, B. and Güldal, H., T., 2017. 'Sensitiveness of Maize Producers on to Environmental and Human Health in Terms of Hybrid Seed, Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide: Case of Adana'. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 13- 24.
- Özden, F., 2017. 'Some Aspects of Capitalist Domination from Nature to the Consumer, Alienation and Alternatives in Agriculture'. Praksis, No. 43, pp. 741-764.
- Ploeg, J., D. Van der, 2011. 'Bir Kez Daha Köylü Üretim Tarzı Üzerine', in Alternative and New Approaches on Rural Development, Öztürk, M., Dadak, T. & Jongerden, J. (der.), The Heinrich Böll Foundation Turkey Representation, İstanbul, pp. 7-38.
- Tolan, B., 1981. Depression Of Contemporary Society, Anomie and Alienation Ankara: AİTİA Publishing.
- Tümertekin, E. and N. Özgüç, 2009. Economic Geography, İstanbul: Çantay. WHO, 1999. The WHO Recommended Classification Of Pesticides By Hazard, And Guidelines To Classification 1998-1999,
- WHO/PCS/98.21, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva Yapıcı, M., 2004. 'Education and Alienation. Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1- 9.
- Yılmaz, H., Demircan, V. and Gül, M., 2009. 'Determining Farmers' Information Sources in Chemical Fertilizer Use and Their Evaluation in terms of Agricultural Extension'. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of The Faculty of Agriculture, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 31-44.
- Yılmaz, S. and Sarpkaya, P., 2009. 'Alienation in Educational Organizations and Its' Management'. Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 314-333
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İşletme |
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Temmuz 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Kasım 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1 |