Araştırma Makalesi
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Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 61 - 82, 01.05.2023

Nuri Orhan

https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1265480

Öz

This research was carried out with the help of a deep well simulator, which is commonly utilized for irrigation studies. In this study, flow types based on Reynolds number, well drawdown, head losses, and cost changes of these head losses were analyzed for four different sieve types used in wells. In addition, the flow types and head losses for the types of screen used were examined as per the theoretical calculations.
Theoretically, the turbulent head loss among types of screens was calculated at the highest (0.37 m) in the bridge slot screen (ST4) and at least (0.028 m) in the round slot (ST3). The drawdown is the sum of the head losses for deep wells. Among the well-types, the maximum drawdown (113.46 cm) was measured within the bridge slot well type (WT4), and the minimum drawdown (50.37 cm) was measured in the horizontal slot oblong well type (WT2). The least head loss per unit flow rate in the wells was measured in the well, which was formed with a horizontal oblong slot (WT2) screen. Here, gravel and screen hole position affected the percentage of clogging in the screens. Overclogging of the screens caused the narrowing of the opening area, increased flow velocity and turbulent head loss, and increased drawdown.
It has been revealed that the use of a horizontal oblong slot screen minimizes the head loss in the wells, depending on the physical properties of the gravel used in this study. One of the most important factors to be considered in well designs is the compatibility of the screen type depending on the physical properties of the gravel. Even the change of the geometric shape among the screen types having similar apertures changed the blockage of the gravel, causing the head loss to change. The well-designers should pay attention to the selection of gravel depending on the screen type or the selection of the screen depending on the type of gravel used.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Irrigation deep well hydraulic conductivity pumping screen head losses drawdown

Kaynakça

  • C. Gautier, Oil, water, and climate: an introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • G. J. Houben, "Hydraulics of water wells—flow laws and influence of geometry," Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1633-1657, 2015.
  • F. G. Driscoll, "Groundwater and wells," St. Paul, 1986.
  • R. J. Sterrett, Groundwater and wells. Johnson Screens, 2007.
  • B. K. Wilk and A. Urbański, "The impact of the shape of screen openings on groundwater flow to a deep drilled well," Czasopismo Techniczne, vol. 2018, no. Volume 11, pp. 149-162, 2018.
  • G. P. Karatzas, "Developments on modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport," Water Resources Management, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 3235-3244, 2017.
  • G. J. Houben, "Hydraulics of water wells—head losses of individual components," Hydrogeology journal, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1659-1675, 2015.
  • V. Batu, Aquifer hydraulics: a comprehensive guide to hydrogeologic data analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
  • C.-F. Zeng, W.-W. Song, X.-L. Xue, M.-K. Li, N. Bai, and G.-X. Mei, "Construction dewatering in a metro station incorporating buttress retaining wall to limit ground settlement: insights from experimental modelling," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 116, p. 104124, 2021.
  • C.-F. Zeng, G. Zheng, and X.-L. Xue, "Responses of deep soil layers to combined recharge in a leaky aquifer," Engineering Geology, vol. 260, p. 105263, 2019.
  • S. Çalışır, "The evaluation of performance and energy usage in submersible deep well irrigation pumping plants," Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa And Latin America, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 9, 2007.
  • R. Moss and G. E. Moss, Handbook of ground water development. Wiley-Interscience New York, 1990.
  • S. Parsons, "A re-evaluation of well design procedures," Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, vol. 27, no. Supplement, pp. S31-S40, 1994.
  • D. E. Williams, "Modern techniques in well design," Journal‐American Water Works Association, vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 68-74, 1985.
  • J. H. van Lopik, R. Snoeijers, T. C. van Dooren, A. Raoof, and R. J. Schotting, "The effect of grain size distribution on nonlinear flow behavior in sandy porous media," Transport in Porous Media, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 37-66, 2017.
  • G. J. Houben, J. Wachenhausen, and C. R. G. Morel, "Effects of ageing on the hydraulics of water wells and the influence of non-Darcy flow," Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1285-1294, 2018.
  • B. Boman, S. Shukla, and J. Hardin, "Design and construction of screened wells for agricultural irrigation systems," EDIS, vol. 2006, no. 17, 2006.
  • Rotodynamic Pumps-Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests, Class 1 and Class 2, TS EN ISO 9906, Anonymous, Turkish Standards Institute, 2002.
  • For pumps-submersible-clean water, TS 11146, Anonymous, Turkish Standards Institute, 2014.
  • Determination of Loose Agglomeration Density and Clearance Volume of Aggregates, TS EN 1097-3, Turkish Standardization Institute., Anonymous, Ankara, 1999.
  • Experiments for Geometric Properties of Aggregates. TS EN 933-3,Turkish Standardization Institute. Ankara., Anonymous, 2004.
  • N. Orhan, O. Özbek, and A. Y. Şeflek, "Effect of the Gravel Zone Thickness Created in the Deep Well Test Simulation on the Operating Characteristics of the Pump and Head Loss," Teknik Dergi, vol. 32, no. 6, 2021.
  • N. Orhan, "Determination of Vortex and Critical Submergence of Submersible Pumps," Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 161-169, 2021.
  • T. Strickland and C. Korleski, "Pumping and Slug Tests, Technical Guidance Manual For Ground Water Investigations," Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Division of Drinking and Ground Waters, p. 45, 2006.
  • F. Tügel, G. J. Houben, and T. Graf, "How appropriate is the Thiem equation for describing groundwater flow to actual wells?," Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 2093-2101, 2016.
  • J. Bear, "Dynamics of fluids in porous media Dover Publications," INC, New York, 1988.
  • J. Bear, "Hydraulics of groundwater. Mineola," ed: New York: Dover Publications, 2007.
  • R. R. Trussell and M. Chang, "Review of flow through porous media as applied to head loss in water filters," Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 11, pp. 998-1006, 1999.
  • W. Barrash, T. Clemo, J. J. Fox, and T. C. Johnson, "Field, laboratory, and modeling investigation of the skin effect at wells with slotted casing, Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site," Journal of Hydrology, vol. 326, no. 1-4, pp. 181-198, 2006.
  • G. J. Houben and S. Hauschild, "Numerical Modeling of the Near‐Field Hydraulics of Water Wells," Groundwater, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 570-575, 2011.
  • H. Klammler, B. Nemer, and K. Hatfield, "Effect of injection screen slot geometry on hydraulic conductivity tests," Journal of Hydrology, vol. 511, pp. 190-198, 2014.
  • D. Klotz, "Untersuchung von Grundwasserströmungen durch Modellversuche im Maßstab 1: 1," Geologica Bavarica, vol. 64, pp. 75-119, 1971.
  • D. Klotz, Berechnete Durchlässigkeiten handelsüblicher Brunnenfilterrohre und Kunststoff-Kiesbelagfilter (Stand 1990). GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, 1991.
  • D. T. Snow, "Rock fracture spacings, openings, and porosities," Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 73-91, 1968.
  • J. Barker and R. Herbert, "Hydraulic tests on well screens," Applied Hydrogeology, pp. 7-19, 1992.
  • J. Barker and R. Herbert, "A simple theory for estimating well losses: with application to test wells in Bangladesh," Applied Hydrogeology, pp. 20-31, 1992.
  • L. Clark and P. Turner, "Experiments to assess the hydraulic efficiency of well screens," Groundwater, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 270-281, 1983.
  • S. R. Singh and S. K. Shakya, "A nonlinear equation for groundwater entry into well screens," Journal of Hydrology, vol. 109, no. 1-2, pp. 95-114, 1989.
  • J. Kozeny, Hydraulik: Ihre Grundlagen und praktische anwendung. Springer-Verlag, 1953.
  • J. Bear, Dynamics of fluids in porous media. Dove, New York.: Courier Corporation, 1972.
  • M. Hübner, "Moderne Anlagentechnik für eine energieeffizientere Wasserversorgung (Modern installation engineering for energy efficient water supply)," BBR Fachmagazine fur Brunnen und Leitungsbau, vol. 62, no. 12, p. 72, 2011.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 61 - 82, 01.05.2023

Nuri Orhan

https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1265480

Öz

Kaynakça

  • C. Gautier, Oil, water, and climate: an introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • G. J. Houben, "Hydraulics of water wells—flow laws and influence of geometry," Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1633-1657, 2015.
  • F. G. Driscoll, "Groundwater and wells," St. Paul, 1986.
  • R. J. Sterrett, Groundwater and wells. Johnson Screens, 2007.
  • B. K. Wilk and A. Urbański, "The impact of the shape of screen openings on groundwater flow to a deep drilled well," Czasopismo Techniczne, vol. 2018, no. Volume 11, pp. 149-162, 2018.
  • G. P. Karatzas, "Developments on modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport," Water Resources Management, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 3235-3244, 2017.
  • G. J. Houben, "Hydraulics of water wells—head losses of individual components," Hydrogeology journal, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1659-1675, 2015.
  • V. Batu, Aquifer hydraulics: a comprehensive guide to hydrogeologic data analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
  • C.-F. Zeng, W.-W. Song, X.-L. Xue, M.-K. Li, N. Bai, and G.-X. Mei, "Construction dewatering in a metro station incorporating buttress retaining wall to limit ground settlement: insights from experimental modelling," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 116, p. 104124, 2021.
  • C.-F. Zeng, G. Zheng, and X.-L. Xue, "Responses of deep soil layers to combined recharge in a leaky aquifer," Engineering Geology, vol. 260, p. 105263, 2019.
  • S. Çalışır, "The evaluation of performance and energy usage in submersible deep well irrigation pumping plants," Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa And Latin America, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 9, 2007.
  • R. Moss and G. E. Moss, Handbook of ground water development. Wiley-Interscience New York, 1990.
  • S. Parsons, "A re-evaluation of well design procedures," Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, vol. 27, no. Supplement, pp. S31-S40, 1994.
  • D. E. Williams, "Modern techniques in well design," Journal‐American Water Works Association, vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 68-74, 1985.
  • J. H. van Lopik, R. Snoeijers, T. C. van Dooren, A. Raoof, and R. J. Schotting, "The effect of grain size distribution on nonlinear flow behavior in sandy porous media," Transport in Porous Media, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 37-66, 2017.
  • G. J. Houben, J. Wachenhausen, and C. R. G. Morel, "Effects of ageing on the hydraulics of water wells and the influence of non-Darcy flow," Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1285-1294, 2018.
  • B. Boman, S. Shukla, and J. Hardin, "Design and construction of screened wells for agricultural irrigation systems," EDIS, vol. 2006, no. 17, 2006.
  • Rotodynamic Pumps-Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests, Class 1 and Class 2, TS EN ISO 9906, Anonymous, Turkish Standards Institute, 2002.
  • For pumps-submersible-clean water, TS 11146, Anonymous, Turkish Standards Institute, 2014.
  • Determination of Loose Agglomeration Density and Clearance Volume of Aggregates, TS EN 1097-3, Turkish Standardization Institute., Anonymous, Ankara, 1999.
  • Experiments for Geometric Properties of Aggregates. TS EN 933-3,Turkish Standardization Institute. Ankara., Anonymous, 2004.
  • N. Orhan, O. Özbek, and A. Y. Şeflek, "Effect of the Gravel Zone Thickness Created in the Deep Well Test Simulation on the Operating Characteristics of the Pump and Head Loss," Teknik Dergi, vol. 32, no. 6, 2021.
  • N. Orhan, "Determination of Vortex and Critical Submergence of Submersible Pumps," Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 161-169, 2021.
  • T. Strickland and C. Korleski, "Pumping and Slug Tests, Technical Guidance Manual For Ground Water Investigations," Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Division of Drinking and Ground Waters, p. 45, 2006.
  • F. Tügel, G. J. Houben, and T. Graf, "How appropriate is the Thiem equation for describing groundwater flow to actual wells?," Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 2093-2101, 2016.
  • J. Bear, "Dynamics of fluids in porous media Dover Publications," INC, New York, 1988.
  • J. Bear, "Hydraulics of groundwater. Mineola," ed: New York: Dover Publications, 2007.
  • R. R. Trussell and M. Chang, "Review of flow through porous media as applied to head loss in water filters," Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 11, pp. 998-1006, 1999.
  • W. Barrash, T. Clemo, J. J. Fox, and T. C. Johnson, "Field, laboratory, and modeling investigation of the skin effect at wells with slotted casing, Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site," Journal of Hydrology, vol. 326, no. 1-4, pp. 181-198, 2006.
  • G. J. Houben and S. Hauschild, "Numerical Modeling of the Near‐Field Hydraulics of Water Wells," Groundwater, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 570-575, 2011.
  • H. Klammler, B. Nemer, and K. Hatfield, "Effect of injection screen slot geometry on hydraulic conductivity tests," Journal of Hydrology, vol. 511, pp. 190-198, 2014.
  • D. Klotz, "Untersuchung von Grundwasserströmungen durch Modellversuche im Maßstab 1: 1," Geologica Bavarica, vol. 64, pp. 75-119, 1971.
  • D. Klotz, Berechnete Durchlässigkeiten handelsüblicher Brunnenfilterrohre und Kunststoff-Kiesbelagfilter (Stand 1990). GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, 1991.
  • D. T. Snow, "Rock fracture spacings, openings, and porosities," Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 73-91, 1968.
  • J. Barker and R. Herbert, "Hydraulic tests on well screens," Applied Hydrogeology, pp. 7-19, 1992.
  • J. Barker and R. Herbert, "A simple theory for estimating well losses: with application to test wells in Bangladesh," Applied Hydrogeology, pp. 20-31, 1992.
  • L. Clark and P. Turner, "Experiments to assess the hydraulic efficiency of well screens," Groundwater, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 270-281, 1983.
  • S. R. Singh and S. K. Shakya, "A nonlinear equation for groundwater entry into well screens," Journal of Hydrology, vol. 109, no. 1-2, pp. 95-114, 1989.
  • J. Kozeny, Hydraulik: Ihre Grundlagen und praktische anwendung. Springer-Verlag, 1953.
  • J. Bear, Dynamics of fluids in porous media. Dove, New York.: Courier Corporation, 1972.
  • M. Hübner, "Moderne Anlagentechnik für eine energieeffizientere Wasserversorgung (Modern installation engineering for energy efficient water supply)," BBR Fachmagazine fur Brunnen und Leitungsbau, vol. 62, no. 12, p. 72, 2011.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nuri Orhan 0000-0002-9987-1695

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Orhan, N. (2023). Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering, 34(3), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1265480
AMA Orhan N. Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation. tjce. Mayıs 2023;34(3):61-82. doi:10.18400/tjce.1265480
Chicago Orhan, Nuri. “Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation”. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering 34, sy. 3 (Mayıs 2023): 61-82. https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1265480.
EndNote Orhan N (01 Mayıs 2023) Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering 34 3 61–82.
IEEE N. Orhan, “Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation”, tjce, c. 34, sy. 3, ss. 61–82, 2023, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1265480.
ISNAD Orhan, Nuri. “Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation”. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering 34/3 (Mayıs 2023), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1265480.
JAMA Orhan N. Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation. tjce. 2023;34:61–82.
MLA Orhan, Nuri. “Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation”. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering, c. 34, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 61-82, doi:10.18400/tjce.1265480.
Vancouver Orhan N. Effect of Different Screen Types on Head Loss in Deep Wells Used for Irrigation. tjce. 2023;34(3):61-82.
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