Araştırma Makalesi
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Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 18 - 30, 24.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.819684

Öz

Amaç: Hastane enfeksiyonları hastalar için risk olduğu kadar sağlık çalışanları içinde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma hastane enfeksiyonlarının yayılmasında önemli yeri olan hemşirelerin görevleri gereği enfeksiyonların gerek kendilerine bulaşmasını, gerekse hastane içerisinde yayılmalarını engelleyici enfeksiyon kontrolü ve koruyucu önlemler hakkında bilgileri ve klinik içi uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı özelliktedir. Araştırmanın evrenini üniversite hastanesinde kliniklerde çalışan 330 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma minumum örneklem büyüklüğü 178 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket aracılığı ile yüz yüze uygulanarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya hastanede bulunan kliniklerden 10 hemşire rastgele seçilmiş, hemşirelere gündüz ve gece mesainde ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 130 hemşire araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır ve SPSS 22.0 programında analiz edilmiştir. Veriler %95 güven aralığında, p<0.05 olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yaş ortalamaları 26.0±0.5 olup, %84.6’sı kadındır ve %55’i lisans mezunudur. Meslekte çalışma yılı ortalaması 5.0±0.3’tür. Hemşirelerin kişisel koruyucu önlemler ve el hijyenine yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin standart önlemler çerçevesinde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonları için sıklıkla aldığı önlem eldivendir (%84.2). Hemşirelerin %95.4’ü tarafından maske, bone ve gözlük gibi diğer araçların kullanılması enfeksiyona karşı koruyucu bariyer olarak bildirilmiştir. Hemşirelerin %42.6’sı okul müfredatından, %39.5’i hastane hizmet içi eğitimden hastane enfeksiyonları ile ilgili bilgi edindiğini bildirmiştir. Hastane enfeksiyonlarını önleme çalışmalarının yeterli olmadığını düşünenler %67, kendisinin yeterli bulmayanlar ise %48’dir. Hastanelerde enfeksiyon kontrolü için yetersizliklerin en önemli nedeni sorulduğunda birinci sırada malzeme eksikliği (%68.7) gelmektedir. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonları korunma ve önlenmesinde önemli rol oynadıkları bilinmektedir. Hemşirelerin bilgi düzeylerini arttırmak önemlidir ancak tek başına yeterli değildir. Hastane enfeksiyonları için koruyucu önlemlerin alınabilmesi için gerekli malzemelerin sağlanması ve hastane enfeksiyon önleme kurallarına uyulması gerekmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bulunmamaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 WHO. [Internet]. Safe management of wastes from health-care activities. Geneva 1999. [updated 2020 September 02] Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42175/9241545259.pdf;jsessionid=0B742D92FC3E77F27B6A5D4A0DD8E37B?sequence=1. 1999;
  • Referans2 Ford MT, Tetrick LE. Relations Among Occupational Hazards, Attitudes, and Safety Performance. J Occup Health Psychol. 2011;16(1):48–66.
  • Referans3 Bell JL, Collins JW, Tiesman HM, Ridenour M, Konda S, Wolf L, et al. Slip, Trip, and Fall Injuries among Nursing Care Facility Workers. Workplace Health Saf. 2013;61(4):147–52.
  • Referans4 Awan A, Afzal M, Majeed I, Waqas A, Gilani SA. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding Occupational Hazards among Nurses at Nawaz Sharif Social Security Hospital Lahore Pakistan. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci. 2017;3:622–30.
  • Referans5 Amosu AM, Degun AM, Olanrewju MF, Aderibigbe KA, Health A, Centre IS. The Level of Knowledge Regarding Occupational Hazards among Nurses in Abeokuta , Ogun State , Nigeria. Curr Res J Biol Sci. 2011;3(6):586–90.
  • Referans6 Molinari JA. Infection control Its evolution to the current standard precautions. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134(5):569–74.
  • Referans7 Biadgilign S, Reda AA, Deribew A, Amberbir A, Belachew T, Tiyou A, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of caregivers of HIV-infected children toward antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;85(2):e89–94.
  • Referans8 WHO. Health care-associated infections. Fact Sheet. [updated 2020 September 02]. Available from: http://www. who. int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en. pdf
  • Referans9 Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards CL, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA, et al. Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(2):160–166.
  • Referans10 Amadhila J, Vyver JM Van der, Ashipala DO. Knowledge and practices among registered nurses on occupational hazards in Onandjokwe Health District: Oshikoto region, Namibia. J Hosp Adm. 2017;6(4):46–51.
  • Referans11 Giri P, Kamble M, Kasat V, Phalke D. Knowledge about hospital-acquired infections amongst nursing staff of tertiary care teaching hospital in rural western Maharashtra, India. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2016;5(05):839–41.
  • Referans12 Donati D, Biagioli V, Cianfrocca C, De Marinis MG, Tartaglini D. Compliance with standard precautions among clinical nurses: Validity and reliability of the italian version of the compliance with standard precautions scale (CSPS-It). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):121.
  • Referans13 Punia S, Nair S, Shetty RS. Health Care Workers and Standard Precautions: Perceptions and Determinants of Compliance in the Emergency and Trauma Triage of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. Int Sch Res Not. 2014; 2014: 685072.
  • Referans14 Ndu AC, Arinze-Onyia SU. Standard precaution knowledge and adherence: Do doctors differ from medical laboratory scientists? Malawi Med J. 2017;29(4):294–300.
  • Referans15 Sodhi K, Shrivastava A, Arya M, Kumar M. Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. J Infect Public Health. 2013;6(4):269–75.
  • Referans16 Regina C, Molassiotis A, Eunice C, Virene C, Becky H, Chit-ying L, et al. Nurses’ knowledge of and compliance with universal precautions in an acute care hospital. Int J Nurs Stud. 2002;39(2):157–63.
  • Referans17 Gould D, Chamberlain A. Infection control as a topic for ward‐based nursing education. J Adv Nurs. 1994;20(2):275–82.
  • Referans18 Sarani H, Balouchi A, Masinaeinezhad N, Ebrahimitabas E. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nurses about Standard Precautions for Hospital-Acquired Infection in Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Zabol University of Medical Sciences (2014). Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(3):193–8. Referans19 Sadoh WE, Fawole AO, Sadoh AE, Oladimeji AO, Sotiloye OS. Practice of universal precautions among healthcare workers. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006;98(5):722–6.
  • Referans20 Talashek ML, Kaponda CPN, Jere DL, Kafulafula U, Mbeba MM, McCreary LL, et al. Identifying What Rural Health Workers in Malawi Need to Become HIV Prevention Leaders. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2007;18(4):41–50.
  • Referans21 Larson E, Silberger M, Jakob K, Whittier S, Lai L, Della Latta P, et al. Assessment of alternative hand hygiene regimens to improve skin health among neonatal intensive care unit nurses. Hear Lung J Acute Crit Care. 2000;29(2):136–42.
  • Referans22 Sharif A, Arbabisarjou A, Balouchi A, Ahmadidarrehsima S, Kashani HH. Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Nurses toward Hand Hygiene in Hospitals. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(8):57–65.
  • Referans23 Pittet D. Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: A multidisciplinary approach. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2001. p. 234–40.
  • Referans24 Ghezeljeh TN, Abbasnejad Z, Rafii F, Haghani H. Nurses’ knowledge, beliefs and practices towards hand hygiene. HAYAT. 2015;21(1):79–93.
  • Referans25 Shinde M, Mohite V. A Study to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Five Moments of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff and Students at a Tertiary Care Hospital at Karad. Int J Sci Res. 2014;3(2):311–21.
  • Referans26 Tel H. Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Hemşirelerin Eldiven Kullanma Ve El Yıkama Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2009;12(4):49–58.
  • Referans27 Erden S, Kahraman BB, Bulut H. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Çalışan Doktor ve Hemşirelerin İzolasyon Önlemlerine Uyumlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2015;4(3):388–98. Referans28 Suliman M, Aloush S, Aljezawi M, AlBashtawy M. Knowledge and practices of isolation precautions among nurses in Jordan. Am J Infect Control. 2018;46(6):680–4.
  • Referans29 Zencir G, Bayraktar D, Khorshid L. Bir kamu hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin izolasyon önlemlerine uyumu. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi,. 2013;29(2):61–70.
  • Referans30 Bhore NR. Disease burden of nosocomial infections and knowledge of nurses regarding the nosocomial infections: A Review. Int J Nurs Res. 2015;1(2):138–45.
  • Referans31 Kamunge EW, Parasher RK, Cahill T, Zipp GP. Exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices of RNs regarding the spread of nosocomial infections. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;
  • Referans32 Lopchan M, Gurung G, Rajbanshi L, Osti C, Baniya A. Knowledge and attitude towards infection control among supporting staffs of Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan. J Chitwan Med Coll. 2017;6(1):40–7.
  • Referans33 Salem OA. Knowledge and Practices of Nurses in Infection Prevention and Control within a Tertiary Care Hospital. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2019;9(1):422–5.
  • Referans34 Alrubaiee G, Baharom A, Shahar HK, Daud SM, Basaleem HO. Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding nosocomial infection control measures in private hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen. Saf Heal. 2017;3(1):1–6.
  • Referans35 de Sousa ÁFL, Matos MCB, de Matos JGNF, Sousa LRM, Moura MEB, de Andrade D. Prevention and control of infection in professional nursing training: A descriptive study. Online Brazilian J Nurs. 2017;16(2):199–208.
  • Referans36 Kalantarzadeh M, Mohammadnejad E, Ehsani SR, Tamizi Z. Knowledge and practice of nurses about the control and prevention of nosocomial infections in emergency departments. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2014;9(4):e18278.
  • Referans37 Fashafsheh I, Ayed A, Eqtait F, Harazneh L. Knowledge and Practice of Nursing Staff towards Infection Control Measures in the Palestinian Hospitals. J Educ Pract. 2015;6(4):79–90.
  • Referans38 Abukhelaif AE. Personal Protective Equipment Knowledge and Practices among Nurses Working at Al-Baha King Fahad Hospital, Saudi Arabia. J Healthc Commun. 2019;4(1).
  • Referans39 Silva AMB da, Bim LL, Bim FL, Sousa AFL, Domingues PCA, Nicolussi AC, et al. Patient safety and infection control: bases for curricular integration. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2018.
  • Referans40 Bim LL, Bim FL, Silva AMB da, Sousa AFL de, Hermann PR de S, Andrade D de, et al. Theoretical-practical acquisition of topics relevant to patient safety: dilemmas in the training of nurses. Esc Anna Nery. 2017;21(4):e20170127.
  • Referans41 Halboub ES, Al-Maweri SA, Al-Jamaei AA, Tarakji B, Al-Soneidar WA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Infection Control among Dental Students at Sana’a University, Yemen. J Int oral Heal JIOH. 2015;7(5):15–9.
  • Referans42 Hinkin J, Cutter J. How do university education and clinical experience influence pre-registration nursing students’ infection control practice? A descriptive, cross sectional survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34(2):196–201.
  • Referans43 Van De Mortel TF, Kermode S, Progano T, Sansoni J. A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students. J Adv Nurs. 2012;68(3):569–79.
  • Referans44 Gaikwad UN, Basak S, Kulkarni P, Sande S, Cahavan S, Mudey G, et al. Educational Intervention to Foster Best Infection Control Practices Among Nursing Staff. Int J Infect. 2018;5(3):e81531.
  • Referans45 Massaroli A, Martini JG, Moya JLM, Bitencourt JV de OV, Reibnitz KS, Bernardi MC. Ensino do controle de infecções na graduação em saúde: opinião de experts. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 4):1723–31.

Nurses' Knowledge Levels and Practices Regarding Their Occupational Risks and Nosocomial Infections

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 18 - 30, 24.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.819684

Öz

Aim: Nosocomial infections are of great importance for healthcare professionals as well as risks for patients. This study was conducted in order to determine the information about infection control and preventive measures, and in-clinical practices of nurses, who have an essential role in the spread of nosocomial infections, to prevent infections from spreading to them and others in the hospital. Method: The research is cross-sectional and descriptive. The universe of the study consists of 330 nurses working in clinics in the university hospital. The minimum sample size of the study was determined as 178. The research data were collected by applying face to face questionnaire which is prepared by the researchers. In the study, 10 nurses from the clinics in the hospital were randomly selected, and the nurses were reached at day and night shifts. 130 nurses who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The data were collected by questionnaire method and analyzed in SPSS 22.0 program. The data were considered significant with a 95% confidence interval, p <0.05. Results: The average age of the nurses is 26.0±0.5, 84.6% of them are women, and 55% of them are undergraduate. The average working year in the profession is 5.0±0.3. It was determined that the nurses' level of knowledge on personal protective measures and hand hygiene is high within the framework of standard measures. The common precaution nurses take for hospital infections is gloves (84.2%). The use of other tools such as masks, bonnets, and glasses was reported by 95.4% of the nurses as a protective barrier against infection. 42.6% of the nurses reported that they got information about hospital infections from the school curriculum, and 39.5% from the hospital in-service training. Those who think that the prevention of hospital infections are not sufficient are 67%, and those who do not find it sufficient are 48%. When asked the most critical reason for insufficiencies for infection control in hospitals, lack of material (68.7%) comes first. Conclusions: It is known that nurses play a significant role in the protection against nosocomial infections and prevention of them. It is essential to increase the knowledge levels of nurses, but it is not sufficient alone. Necessary materials should be provided, and nosocomial infection prevention rules should be followed in order to take preventive measures for nosocomial infections.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 WHO. [Internet]. Safe management of wastes from health-care activities. Geneva 1999. [updated 2020 September 02] Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42175/9241545259.pdf;jsessionid=0B742D92FC3E77F27B6A5D4A0DD8E37B?sequence=1. 1999;
  • Referans2 Ford MT, Tetrick LE. Relations Among Occupational Hazards, Attitudes, and Safety Performance. J Occup Health Psychol. 2011;16(1):48–66.
  • Referans3 Bell JL, Collins JW, Tiesman HM, Ridenour M, Konda S, Wolf L, et al. Slip, Trip, and Fall Injuries among Nursing Care Facility Workers. Workplace Health Saf. 2013;61(4):147–52.
  • Referans4 Awan A, Afzal M, Majeed I, Waqas A, Gilani SA. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding Occupational Hazards among Nurses at Nawaz Sharif Social Security Hospital Lahore Pakistan. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci. 2017;3:622–30.
  • Referans5 Amosu AM, Degun AM, Olanrewju MF, Aderibigbe KA, Health A, Centre IS. The Level of Knowledge Regarding Occupational Hazards among Nurses in Abeokuta , Ogun State , Nigeria. Curr Res J Biol Sci. 2011;3(6):586–90.
  • Referans6 Molinari JA. Infection control Its evolution to the current standard precautions. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134(5):569–74.
  • Referans7 Biadgilign S, Reda AA, Deribew A, Amberbir A, Belachew T, Tiyou A, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of caregivers of HIV-infected children toward antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;85(2):e89–94.
  • Referans8 WHO. Health care-associated infections. Fact Sheet. [updated 2020 September 02]. Available from: http://www. who. int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en. pdf
  • Referans9 Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards CL, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA, et al. Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(2):160–166.
  • Referans10 Amadhila J, Vyver JM Van der, Ashipala DO. Knowledge and practices among registered nurses on occupational hazards in Onandjokwe Health District: Oshikoto region, Namibia. J Hosp Adm. 2017;6(4):46–51.
  • Referans11 Giri P, Kamble M, Kasat V, Phalke D. Knowledge about hospital-acquired infections amongst nursing staff of tertiary care teaching hospital in rural western Maharashtra, India. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2016;5(05):839–41.
  • Referans12 Donati D, Biagioli V, Cianfrocca C, De Marinis MG, Tartaglini D. Compliance with standard precautions among clinical nurses: Validity and reliability of the italian version of the compliance with standard precautions scale (CSPS-It). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):121.
  • Referans13 Punia S, Nair S, Shetty RS. Health Care Workers and Standard Precautions: Perceptions and Determinants of Compliance in the Emergency and Trauma Triage of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. Int Sch Res Not. 2014; 2014: 685072.
  • Referans14 Ndu AC, Arinze-Onyia SU. Standard precaution knowledge and adherence: Do doctors differ from medical laboratory scientists? Malawi Med J. 2017;29(4):294–300.
  • Referans15 Sodhi K, Shrivastava A, Arya M, Kumar M. Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. J Infect Public Health. 2013;6(4):269–75.
  • Referans16 Regina C, Molassiotis A, Eunice C, Virene C, Becky H, Chit-ying L, et al. Nurses’ knowledge of and compliance with universal precautions in an acute care hospital. Int J Nurs Stud. 2002;39(2):157–63.
  • Referans17 Gould D, Chamberlain A. Infection control as a topic for ward‐based nursing education. J Adv Nurs. 1994;20(2):275–82.
  • Referans18 Sarani H, Balouchi A, Masinaeinezhad N, Ebrahimitabas E. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nurses about Standard Precautions for Hospital-Acquired Infection in Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Zabol University of Medical Sciences (2014). Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(3):193–8. Referans19 Sadoh WE, Fawole AO, Sadoh AE, Oladimeji AO, Sotiloye OS. Practice of universal precautions among healthcare workers. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006;98(5):722–6.
  • Referans20 Talashek ML, Kaponda CPN, Jere DL, Kafulafula U, Mbeba MM, McCreary LL, et al. Identifying What Rural Health Workers in Malawi Need to Become HIV Prevention Leaders. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2007;18(4):41–50.
  • Referans21 Larson E, Silberger M, Jakob K, Whittier S, Lai L, Della Latta P, et al. Assessment of alternative hand hygiene regimens to improve skin health among neonatal intensive care unit nurses. Hear Lung J Acute Crit Care. 2000;29(2):136–42.
  • Referans22 Sharif A, Arbabisarjou A, Balouchi A, Ahmadidarrehsima S, Kashani HH. Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Nurses toward Hand Hygiene in Hospitals. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(8):57–65.
  • Referans23 Pittet D. Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: A multidisciplinary approach. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2001. p. 234–40.
  • Referans24 Ghezeljeh TN, Abbasnejad Z, Rafii F, Haghani H. Nurses’ knowledge, beliefs and practices towards hand hygiene. HAYAT. 2015;21(1):79–93.
  • Referans25 Shinde M, Mohite V. A Study to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Five Moments of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff and Students at a Tertiary Care Hospital at Karad. Int J Sci Res. 2014;3(2):311–21.
  • Referans26 Tel H. Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Hemşirelerin Eldiven Kullanma Ve El Yıkama Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2009;12(4):49–58.
  • Referans27 Erden S, Kahraman BB, Bulut H. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Çalışan Doktor ve Hemşirelerin İzolasyon Önlemlerine Uyumlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2015;4(3):388–98. Referans28 Suliman M, Aloush S, Aljezawi M, AlBashtawy M. Knowledge and practices of isolation precautions among nurses in Jordan. Am J Infect Control. 2018;46(6):680–4.
  • Referans29 Zencir G, Bayraktar D, Khorshid L. Bir kamu hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin izolasyon önlemlerine uyumu. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi,. 2013;29(2):61–70.
  • Referans30 Bhore NR. Disease burden of nosocomial infections and knowledge of nurses regarding the nosocomial infections: A Review. Int J Nurs Res. 2015;1(2):138–45.
  • Referans31 Kamunge EW, Parasher RK, Cahill T, Zipp GP. Exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices of RNs regarding the spread of nosocomial infections. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;
  • Referans32 Lopchan M, Gurung G, Rajbanshi L, Osti C, Baniya A. Knowledge and attitude towards infection control among supporting staffs of Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan. J Chitwan Med Coll. 2017;6(1):40–7.
  • Referans33 Salem OA. Knowledge and Practices of Nurses in Infection Prevention and Control within a Tertiary Care Hospital. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2019;9(1):422–5.
  • Referans34 Alrubaiee G, Baharom A, Shahar HK, Daud SM, Basaleem HO. Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding nosocomial infection control measures in private hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen. Saf Heal. 2017;3(1):1–6.
  • Referans35 de Sousa ÁFL, Matos MCB, de Matos JGNF, Sousa LRM, Moura MEB, de Andrade D. Prevention and control of infection in professional nursing training: A descriptive study. Online Brazilian J Nurs. 2017;16(2):199–208.
  • Referans36 Kalantarzadeh M, Mohammadnejad E, Ehsani SR, Tamizi Z. Knowledge and practice of nurses about the control and prevention of nosocomial infections in emergency departments. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2014;9(4):e18278.
  • Referans37 Fashafsheh I, Ayed A, Eqtait F, Harazneh L. Knowledge and Practice of Nursing Staff towards Infection Control Measures in the Palestinian Hospitals. J Educ Pract. 2015;6(4):79–90.
  • Referans38 Abukhelaif AE. Personal Protective Equipment Knowledge and Practices among Nurses Working at Al-Baha King Fahad Hospital, Saudi Arabia. J Healthc Commun. 2019;4(1).
  • Referans39 Silva AMB da, Bim LL, Bim FL, Sousa AFL, Domingues PCA, Nicolussi AC, et al. Patient safety and infection control: bases for curricular integration. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2018.
  • Referans40 Bim LL, Bim FL, Silva AMB da, Sousa AFL de, Hermann PR de S, Andrade D de, et al. Theoretical-practical acquisition of topics relevant to patient safety: dilemmas in the training of nurses. Esc Anna Nery. 2017;21(4):e20170127.
  • Referans41 Halboub ES, Al-Maweri SA, Al-Jamaei AA, Tarakji B, Al-Soneidar WA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Infection Control among Dental Students at Sana’a University, Yemen. J Int oral Heal JIOH. 2015;7(5):15–9.
  • Referans42 Hinkin J, Cutter J. How do university education and clinical experience influence pre-registration nursing students’ infection control practice? A descriptive, cross sectional survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34(2):196–201.
  • Referans43 Van De Mortel TF, Kermode S, Progano T, Sansoni J. A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students. J Adv Nurs. 2012;68(3):569–79.
  • Referans44 Gaikwad UN, Basak S, Kulkarni P, Sande S, Cahavan S, Mudey G, et al. Educational Intervention to Foster Best Infection Control Practices Among Nursing Staff. Int J Infect. 2018;5(3):e81531.
  • Referans45 Massaroli A, Martini JG, Moya JLM, Bitencourt JV de OV, Reibnitz KS, Bernardi MC. Ensino do controle de infecções na graduação em saúde: opinião de experts. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 4):1723–31.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma makalesi
Yazarlar

Zerife Orhan

Arzu Kayış

Mehtap Sönmez 0000-0001-6975-0262

Şermin İnal

Esra Kaya

Murat Aral

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Orhan, Z., Kayış, A., Sönmez, M., İnal, Ş., vd. (2021). Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.819684
AMA Orhan Z, Kayış A, Sönmez M, İnal Ş, Kaya E, Aral M. Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. Nisan 2021;4(1):18-30. doi:10.51536/tusbad.819684
Chicago Orhan, Zerife, Arzu Kayış, Mehtap Sönmez, Şermin İnal, Esra Kaya, ve Murat Aral. “Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri Ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri Ve Uygulamaları”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 4, sy. 1 (Nisan 2021): 18-30. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.819684.
EndNote Orhan Z, Kayış A, Sönmez M, İnal Ş, Kaya E, Aral M (01 Nisan 2021) Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 1 18–30.
IEEE Z. Orhan, A. Kayış, M. Sönmez, Ş. İnal, E. Kaya, ve M. Aral, “Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları”, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 18–30, 2021, doi: 10.51536/tusbad.819684.
ISNAD Orhan, Zerife vd. “Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri Ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri Ve Uygulamaları”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 4/1 (Nisan 2021), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.819684.
JAMA Orhan Z, Kayış A, Sönmez M, İnal Ş, Kaya E, Aral M. Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;4:18–30.
MLA Orhan, Zerife vd. “Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri Ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri Ve Uygulamaları”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 18-30, doi:10.51536/tusbad.819684.
Vancouver Orhan Z, Kayış A, Sönmez M, İnal Ş, Kaya E, Aral M. Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;4(1):18-30.