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Urtica dioica, Silybum marianum ve Cynara scolymus Ekstraktlarının Antikanser, Antibakteriyel ve Antioksidan Aktivitesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 51 - 62, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.54537/tusebdergisi.1089792

Öz

Mide kanseri, dünya çapında en yaygın kanser türlerinden biridir ve kansere bağlı ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerindendir. Bu kanser türü, moleküler düzeyde yeterince anlaşılamamış bir karsinogeneze sahip, agresif ve heterojen bir hastalıktır. Bu nedenle etkili ilaç tedavi stratejilerine yönelik yapılan araştırmalar, hastalığın tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu etkili tedavi stratejilerinden biri, yan etkileri düşük ve içeriğinde biyolojik olarak aktif birçok bileşik bulunan bitkisel bazlı terapötiklerdir. Bu çalışmada U.dioica, S. marianum ve C. scolymus bitkisel ekstraktlarının antikanser aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi için L929, AGS ve SH-SY5Y hücre hatlarındaki hücre canlılığına etkisi XTT testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Ekstraktların antibakteriyel ve antioksidan aktiviteleri için ise sırasıyla agar kuyusu difüzyon testi ve CUPRAC yöntemi kullanılmıştır. U. dioica ve S. marianum ekstraktlarının AGS ve SH-SY5Y kanser hücrelerinin canlılığı üzerinde önemli bir etki göstermediği görülmüştür. C. scolymus ekstraktı ise tüm konsantrasyonlarda AGS kanser hücreleri üzerinde yüksek antikanser etki göstermiş ancak SH-SY5Y hücreleri üzerinde hiçbir etkiye neden olmamıştır. U. dioica ve C. scolymus ekstraktları sırasıyla S. aureus ve B. cereus bakterilerine karşı antibakteriyel aktivite sergilemiştir. S. marianum ekstraktı herhangi bir antibakteriyel etki göstermemiştir. CUPRAC testi sonucunda U. dioica ve S. marianum ekstraktlarının güçlü antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen sonuçlar enginar olarak bilinen C. scolymus eksraktının antibakteriyel ve mide kanseri hücrelerinde antikanser terapötik potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, bu ekstraktın terapötik özelliklerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Moneim, A., Ahmed, O. M., Abd El-Twab, S. M., Zaky, M. Y., & Bakry, L. N. (2021). Prophylactic effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf and flower hydroethanolic extracts against diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminoflourene-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats. Environmental science and pollution research international, 28(32), 43515–43527.
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Esin Karademir, S., & Erçağ, E. (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 57(5-6), 292-304.
  • Bajwa, A., Tariq, S., Yuchi, A., Hafeez, R., Arshad, A., Zaman, M., Aqeel, T., & Naveed Mushtaq, M. (2016). Evaluation of Anti-bacterial Activity of Silybum marianum against Pathogenic and Resistant Bacteria. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 13(4), 1-7.
  • Ben Salem M., Affes H., Ksouda K., Dhouibi R., Sahnoun Z., Hammami S., Zeghal K.M. (2015). Pharmacological studies of artichoke leaf extract and their health benefits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 70(4):441–453.
  • Ben Salem, M., Ben Abdallah Kolsi, R., Dhouibi, R. et al. (2017). Protective effects of Cynara scolymus leaves extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med, 17, 328.
  • Bittencourt, M. L. F., Rodrigues, R. P., Kitagawa, R. R., & de Cássia Ribeiro Gonçalves, R. (2020). The gastroprotective potential of silibinin against Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric tumor cells. Life Sciences, 117977.
  • Cisło, M.; Filip, A.A.; Arnold Offerhaus, G.J.; Ciseł, B.; Rawicz-Pruszy ´nski, K.; Skierucha, M.; Polkowski, W.P. (2018). Distinct Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer: From Laurén to Molecular Pathology. Oncotarget, 9, 19427–19442.
  • Dehelean, C. A., Marcovici, I., Soica, C., Mioc, M., Coricovac, D., Iurciuc, S., Cretu, O. M., Pinzaru, I. (2021). Plant-Derived Anticancer Compounds as New Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Alternative Therapy. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(4), 1109.
  • Esposito, S., Bianco, A.; Russo, R., Di Maro, A., Isernia, C., Pedone, P.V. (2019). Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment. Molecules, 24, 2753.
  • Fallah, M., Davoodvandi, A., Nikmanzar, S., Aghili, S., Mirazimi, S., Aschner, M., Rashidian, A., Hamblin, M. R., Chamanara, M., Naghsh, N., & Mirzaei, H. (2021). Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 142, 112024.
  • Gao, Y., Shang, Q., Li, W., Guo, W., Stojadinovic, A., Mannion, C., Man, Y. G., & Chen, T. (2020). Antibiotics for cancer treatment: A double-edged sword. Journal of Cancer, 11(17), 5135–5149.
  • Ghasemi, S. & Moradzadeh, Malihe & Mousavi, S.H. & Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza. (2016). Cytotoxic effects of Urtica dioica radix on human colon (HT29) and gastric (MKN45) cancer cells mediated through oxidative and apoptotic mechanisms. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 62. 90-96.
  • Guo, J., Yu, W., Su, H., Pang, X. (2017). Genomic Landscape of Gastric Cancer: Molecular Classification and Potential Targets. Sci. China Life Sci. 60, 126–137.
  • Hassabou, N. F., & Farag, A. F. (2020). Anticancer effects induced by artichoke extract in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines. Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 32(1).
  • Hassan, B. (2020). Plants and Cancer Treatment. Medicinal Plants - Use in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases.
  • Jahan I., Erci F., Cakir-Koc, R., & Isildak İ. (2021). Microwave-irradiated green synthesis of metallic silver and copper nanoparticles using fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome extract and evaluation of their antibacterial potentials and cytotoxicity, Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 51:5, 722-732.
  • Karavelioglu, Z., & Cakir-Koc, R. (2021). Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles as Ginkgo Biloba extract carrier: In vitro neuroprotective effect on oxidative stress-induced human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 192, 675-683.
  • Khare V., Kushwaha P., Verma S., Gupta A., Srivastava S. & Rawat A. (2012). Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica L. Chinese Medicine, 3:3, 128-135.
  • Kim, S., Choo, G., Yoo, E., Woo, J., Han, S., Lee, J., & Jung, J. (2019). Silymarin induces inhibition of growth and apoptosis through modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 42, 1904-1914.
  • Knight, W.R.; Allum, W.H. (2019). Gastric Tumours. Medicine, 47, 309–313.
  • Ko, W. J., Song, G. W., Kim, W. H., Hong, S. P., Cho, J. Y. (2016). Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: current status and new approaches. Translational gastroenterology and hepatology, 1, 24-24.
  • Kukric, Z., Topalić-Trivunović, L., Kukavica, B., Matos, S., Pavicic, S., Boroja, M., & Savić, A. (2012). Characterization of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of nettle leaves (Urtica dioica L.). Acta periodica technologica, 257-272.
  • Liu, W., Yin, D., Li, N., Hou, X., Wang, D., Li, D., & Liu, J. (2016). Influence of Environmental Factors on the Active Substance Production and Antioxidant Activity in Potentilla fruticosa L. and Its Quality Assessment. Scientific Reports, 6, 28591.
  • Marmouzi, I., Bouyahya, A., Ezzat, S. M., El Jemli, M., & Kharbach, M. (2020). The food plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.: Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology and Clinical Evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113303.
  • Mileo, A. M., Di Venere, D., Abbruzzese, C., & Miccadei, S. (2015). Long Term Exposure to Polyphenols of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Exerts Induction of Senescence Driven Growth Arrest in the MDA-MB231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 363827.
  • Mileo, A. M., Di Venere, D., Linsalata, V., Fraioli, R., & Miccadei, S. (2012). Artichoke polyphenols induce apoptosis and decrease the invasive potential of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231. Journal of cellular physiology, 227(9), 3301–3309.
  • Mirtaghi S. M., Torbati Nejad P., Mazandarani M., Livani F., Bagheri H. (2016). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Urtica dioica L. Leaf Ethanolic Extract Using Agar Well Diffusion and Disc Diffusion Methods. Medical Laboratory Journal, 10. 15-21.
  • Mohammadi, A., Mansoori, B., Goldar, S., Shanehbandi, D., Khaze, V., Mohammadnejad, L., Baghbani, E., & Baradaran, B. (2016). Effects of Urtica dioica dichloromethane extract on cell apoptosis and related gene expression in human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468). Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 62(2), 62–67.
  • Moore, J., Yousef, M., & Tsiani, E. (2016). Anticancer Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract and Rosemary Extract Polyphenols. Nutrients, 8(11), 731.
  • Motamedi, H., Seyyednejad, S. M., Bakhtiari, A., & Vafaei, M. (2014). Introducing Urtica dioica, A Native Plant of Khuzestan, As an Antibacterial Medicinal Plant. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products, 9(4), e15904.
  • Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2016). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs from 1981 to 2014. Journal of Natural Products, 79(3), 629–661.
  • Okon, I. S., Zou, M.-H. (2015). Mitochondrial ROS and cancer drug resistance: Implications for therapy. Pharmacological Research, 100, 170–174.
  • Pezzani, R., Salehi, B., Vitalini, S., Iriti, M., Zuñiga, F. A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Martorell, M., & Martins, N. (2019). Synergistic Effects of Plant Derivatives and Conventional Chemotherapeutic Agents: An Update on the Cancer Perspective. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(4), 110.
  • Ramezankhani, R., Solhi, R., Es, H. A., Vosough, M., Hassan, M. (2021). “Novel molecular targets in gastric adenocarcinoma”. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 220, 107714.
  • Seeneevassen, L., Bessède, E., Mégraud, F., Lehours, P., Dubus, P., & Varon, C. (2021). Gastric Cancer: Advances in Carcinogenesis Research and New Therapeutic Strategies. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(7), 3418.
  • Serçe, A., Toptancı, B. Ç., Tanrıkut, S. E., Altaş, S., Kızıl, G., Kızıl, S., & Kızıl, M. (2016). Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Silybum marianum Seed Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation. Food technology and biotechnology, 54(4), 455–461.
  • Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Fuchs, H. E., & Jemal, A. (2022). Cancer statistics, 2022. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 72(1), 7–33.
  • Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 71(3), 209–249.
  • Süngü Mısırlıoğlu, B., Çakır, Ö., Calik, H., & Cakir-Koc, R. (2020). Assessment of structural and cytotoxic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 1-6.
  • Taheri, Y., Quispe, C., Herrera-Bravo, J., Sharifi-Rad, J., Ezzat, S. M., Merghany, R. M., Shaheen, S., Azmi, L., Prakash Mishra, A., Sener, B., Kılıç, M., Sen, S., Acharya, K., Nasiri, A., Cruz-Martins, N., Tsouh Fokou, P. V., Ydyrys, A., Bassygarayev, Z., Daştan, S. D., Alshehri, M. M., … Cho, W. C. (2022). Urtica dioica-Derived Phytochemicals for Pharmacological and Therapeutic Applications. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2022, 4024331.
  • Tang, X., Wei, R., Deng, A., & Lei, T. (2017). Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Artichoke, an Edible Herbal Medicine, against Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients, 9(9), 1000.
  • Wang, J., Luo, Y., Wang, Q., Bai, J., Liao, Q., Feng, X., Zhang, G., Tao, K., Ji, G., Li, Y. (2020). Evaluation of the application of laparoscopy in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for gastric cancer: a Chinese multicenter analysis. Annals of translational medicine, 8, 543-543.
  • Zeng, X.-Q., Wang, J., Chen, S.-Y. (2017). Methylation modification in gastric cancer and approaches to targeted epigenetic therapy. International journal of oncology, 50, 1921-1933.
  • Zhu, X., Zhang, H., & Lo, R. (2004). Phenolic compounds from the leaf extract of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and their antimicrobial activities. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(24), 7272–7278.

Anticancer, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica, Silybum marianum and Cynara scolymus Extracts

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 51 - 62, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.54537/tusebdergisi.1089792

Öz

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Gastric cancer is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Therefore, the research for effective drug therapy strategies plays a significant role in treating the disease. One of these effective treatment strategies is herbal-based therapeutics, which have low side effects and contain many biologically active compounds. In this study, the effect of U.dioica, S. marianum and C. scolymus herbal extracts on cell viability in L929, AGS and SH-SY5Y cell lines was analyzed by XTT test to evaluate the anticancer activities. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by the agar well diffusion test and CUPRAC method, respectively. We found that U. dioica and S. marianum extracts showed no significant effect on the viability of AGS and SH-SY5Y cancer cells. C. scolymus extract demonstrated strong anticancer activity on AGS cancer cells at all concentrations but had no effect on SH-SY5Y cells. U. dioica and C. scolymus exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively. No antibacterial activity was found in S. marianum extract. U. dioica and S. marianum extracts have shown strong antioxidant activity in CUPRAC assay. In conclusion, the obtained results revealed the antibacterial and anticancer therapeutic potential of C. scolymus extract known as artichoke in gastric cancer cells. However, more research is required to better explain the therapeutic properties of these extracts.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Moneim, A., Ahmed, O. M., Abd El-Twab, S. M., Zaky, M. Y., & Bakry, L. N. (2021). Prophylactic effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf and flower hydroethanolic extracts against diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminoflourene-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats. Environmental science and pollution research international, 28(32), 43515–43527.
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Esin Karademir, S., & Erçağ, E. (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 57(5-6), 292-304.
  • Bajwa, A., Tariq, S., Yuchi, A., Hafeez, R., Arshad, A., Zaman, M., Aqeel, T., & Naveed Mushtaq, M. (2016). Evaluation of Anti-bacterial Activity of Silybum marianum against Pathogenic and Resistant Bacteria. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 13(4), 1-7.
  • Ben Salem M., Affes H., Ksouda K., Dhouibi R., Sahnoun Z., Hammami S., Zeghal K.M. (2015). Pharmacological studies of artichoke leaf extract and their health benefits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 70(4):441–453.
  • Ben Salem, M., Ben Abdallah Kolsi, R., Dhouibi, R. et al. (2017). Protective effects of Cynara scolymus leaves extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med, 17, 328.
  • Bittencourt, M. L. F., Rodrigues, R. P., Kitagawa, R. R., & de Cássia Ribeiro Gonçalves, R. (2020). The gastroprotective potential of silibinin against Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric tumor cells. Life Sciences, 117977.
  • Cisło, M.; Filip, A.A.; Arnold Offerhaus, G.J.; Ciseł, B.; Rawicz-Pruszy ´nski, K.; Skierucha, M.; Polkowski, W.P. (2018). Distinct Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer: From Laurén to Molecular Pathology. Oncotarget, 9, 19427–19442.
  • Dehelean, C. A., Marcovici, I., Soica, C., Mioc, M., Coricovac, D., Iurciuc, S., Cretu, O. M., Pinzaru, I. (2021). Plant-Derived Anticancer Compounds as New Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Alternative Therapy. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(4), 1109.
  • Esposito, S., Bianco, A.; Russo, R., Di Maro, A., Isernia, C., Pedone, P.V. (2019). Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment. Molecules, 24, 2753.
  • Fallah, M., Davoodvandi, A., Nikmanzar, S., Aghili, S., Mirazimi, S., Aschner, M., Rashidian, A., Hamblin, M. R., Chamanara, M., Naghsh, N., & Mirzaei, H. (2021). Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 142, 112024.
  • Gao, Y., Shang, Q., Li, W., Guo, W., Stojadinovic, A., Mannion, C., Man, Y. G., & Chen, T. (2020). Antibiotics for cancer treatment: A double-edged sword. Journal of Cancer, 11(17), 5135–5149.
  • Ghasemi, S. & Moradzadeh, Malihe & Mousavi, S.H. & Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza. (2016). Cytotoxic effects of Urtica dioica radix on human colon (HT29) and gastric (MKN45) cancer cells mediated through oxidative and apoptotic mechanisms. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 62. 90-96.
  • Guo, J., Yu, W., Su, H., Pang, X. (2017). Genomic Landscape of Gastric Cancer: Molecular Classification and Potential Targets. Sci. China Life Sci. 60, 126–137.
  • Hassabou, N. F., & Farag, A. F. (2020). Anticancer effects induced by artichoke extract in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines. Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 32(1).
  • Hassan, B. (2020). Plants and Cancer Treatment. Medicinal Plants - Use in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases.
  • Jahan I., Erci F., Cakir-Koc, R., & Isildak İ. (2021). Microwave-irradiated green synthesis of metallic silver and copper nanoparticles using fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome extract and evaluation of their antibacterial potentials and cytotoxicity, Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 51:5, 722-732.
  • Karavelioglu, Z., & Cakir-Koc, R. (2021). Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles as Ginkgo Biloba extract carrier: In vitro neuroprotective effect on oxidative stress-induced human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 192, 675-683.
  • Khare V., Kushwaha P., Verma S., Gupta A., Srivastava S. & Rawat A. (2012). Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica L. Chinese Medicine, 3:3, 128-135.
  • Kim, S., Choo, G., Yoo, E., Woo, J., Han, S., Lee, J., & Jung, J. (2019). Silymarin induces inhibition of growth and apoptosis through modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 42, 1904-1914.
  • Knight, W.R.; Allum, W.H. (2019). Gastric Tumours. Medicine, 47, 309–313.
  • Ko, W. J., Song, G. W., Kim, W. H., Hong, S. P., Cho, J. Y. (2016). Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: current status and new approaches. Translational gastroenterology and hepatology, 1, 24-24.
  • Kukric, Z., Topalić-Trivunović, L., Kukavica, B., Matos, S., Pavicic, S., Boroja, M., & Savić, A. (2012). Characterization of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of nettle leaves (Urtica dioica L.). Acta periodica technologica, 257-272.
  • Liu, W., Yin, D., Li, N., Hou, X., Wang, D., Li, D., & Liu, J. (2016). Influence of Environmental Factors on the Active Substance Production and Antioxidant Activity in Potentilla fruticosa L. and Its Quality Assessment. Scientific Reports, 6, 28591.
  • Marmouzi, I., Bouyahya, A., Ezzat, S. M., El Jemli, M., & Kharbach, M. (2020). The food plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.: Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology and Clinical Evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113303.
  • Mileo, A. M., Di Venere, D., Abbruzzese, C., & Miccadei, S. (2015). Long Term Exposure to Polyphenols of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Exerts Induction of Senescence Driven Growth Arrest in the MDA-MB231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 363827.
  • Mileo, A. M., Di Venere, D., Linsalata, V., Fraioli, R., & Miccadei, S. (2012). Artichoke polyphenols induce apoptosis and decrease the invasive potential of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231. Journal of cellular physiology, 227(9), 3301–3309.
  • Mirtaghi S. M., Torbati Nejad P., Mazandarani M., Livani F., Bagheri H. (2016). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Urtica dioica L. Leaf Ethanolic Extract Using Agar Well Diffusion and Disc Diffusion Methods. Medical Laboratory Journal, 10. 15-21.
  • Mohammadi, A., Mansoori, B., Goldar, S., Shanehbandi, D., Khaze, V., Mohammadnejad, L., Baghbani, E., & Baradaran, B. (2016). Effects of Urtica dioica dichloromethane extract on cell apoptosis and related gene expression in human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468). Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 62(2), 62–67.
  • Moore, J., Yousef, M., & Tsiani, E. (2016). Anticancer Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract and Rosemary Extract Polyphenols. Nutrients, 8(11), 731.
  • Motamedi, H., Seyyednejad, S. M., Bakhtiari, A., & Vafaei, M. (2014). Introducing Urtica dioica, A Native Plant of Khuzestan, As an Antibacterial Medicinal Plant. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products, 9(4), e15904.
  • Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2016). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs from 1981 to 2014. Journal of Natural Products, 79(3), 629–661.
  • Okon, I. S., Zou, M.-H. (2015). Mitochondrial ROS and cancer drug resistance: Implications for therapy. Pharmacological Research, 100, 170–174.
  • Pezzani, R., Salehi, B., Vitalini, S., Iriti, M., Zuñiga, F. A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Martorell, M., & Martins, N. (2019). Synergistic Effects of Plant Derivatives and Conventional Chemotherapeutic Agents: An Update on the Cancer Perspective. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(4), 110.
  • Ramezankhani, R., Solhi, R., Es, H. A., Vosough, M., Hassan, M. (2021). “Novel molecular targets in gastric adenocarcinoma”. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 220, 107714.
  • Seeneevassen, L., Bessède, E., Mégraud, F., Lehours, P., Dubus, P., & Varon, C. (2021). Gastric Cancer: Advances in Carcinogenesis Research and New Therapeutic Strategies. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(7), 3418.
  • Serçe, A., Toptancı, B. Ç., Tanrıkut, S. E., Altaş, S., Kızıl, G., Kızıl, S., & Kızıl, M. (2016). Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Silybum marianum Seed Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation. Food technology and biotechnology, 54(4), 455–461.
  • Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Fuchs, H. E., & Jemal, A. (2022). Cancer statistics, 2022. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 72(1), 7–33.
  • Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 71(3), 209–249.
  • Süngü Mısırlıoğlu, B., Çakır, Ö., Calik, H., & Cakir-Koc, R. (2020). Assessment of structural and cytotoxic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 1-6.
  • Taheri, Y., Quispe, C., Herrera-Bravo, J., Sharifi-Rad, J., Ezzat, S. M., Merghany, R. M., Shaheen, S., Azmi, L., Prakash Mishra, A., Sener, B., Kılıç, M., Sen, S., Acharya, K., Nasiri, A., Cruz-Martins, N., Tsouh Fokou, P. V., Ydyrys, A., Bassygarayev, Z., Daştan, S. D., Alshehri, M. M., … Cho, W. C. (2022). Urtica dioica-Derived Phytochemicals for Pharmacological and Therapeutic Applications. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2022, 4024331.
  • Tang, X., Wei, R., Deng, A., & Lei, T. (2017). Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Artichoke, an Edible Herbal Medicine, against Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients, 9(9), 1000.
  • Wang, J., Luo, Y., Wang, Q., Bai, J., Liao, Q., Feng, X., Zhang, G., Tao, K., Ji, G., Li, Y. (2020). Evaluation of the application of laparoscopy in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for gastric cancer: a Chinese multicenter analysis. Annals of translational medicine, 8, 543-543.
  • Zeng, X.-Q., Wang, J., Chen, S.-Y. (2017). Methylation modification in gastric cancer and approaches to targeted epigenetic therapy. International journal of oncology, 50, 1921-1933.
  • Zhu, X., Zhang, H., & Lo, R. (2004). Phenolic compounds from the leaf extract of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and their antimicrobial activities. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(24), 7272–7278.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Rabia Yılmaz

Hilal Çalık 0000-0002-9509-7866

Hatice Feyzan Ay

Fatih Erci 0000-0002-3044-7343

Rabia Çakır Koç 0000-0002-8545-9878

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, R., Çalık, H., Ay, H. F., Erci, F., vd. (2022). Anticancer, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica, Silybum marianum and Cynara scolymus Extracts. Türkiye Sağlık Enstitüleri Başkanlığı Dergisi, 5(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.54537/tusebdergisi.1089792