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Organik Gübrelemenin Tıbbi Bitkilerin Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 37 - 48, 12.09.2019

Gülsüm Yaldız Mahmut Çamlıca Ferit Özen

Öz

Dünya pazarında artan
talepten dolayı, son yıllarda organik ürünlerin üretimi hızla artmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir
kalkınmaya ulaşılması, tarımsal politika amaçlarının farkına varılması ve
organik tarımın ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda gıda tedariğinde uygun bir çözümün
kullanılmasında gübre ve biyolojik organik çözümün etkili olabileceğini gerekli
kılmaktadır.



 Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler gıda, kozmetik ve
ilaç sanayi de yaygın olarak kullanıldıklarından, üretimlerinde organik veya
iyi tarım uygulamaları tercih edilmektedir. Bu nedenle organik sertifikalı
tibbi ve aromatik bitkilerin ticari önemleri gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Organik
sertifikalı bu bitkilere artan talep pazarlamada birçok avantaj sağlamakta,
organik tarım ya da iyi tarım teknikleri ile yetiştirilmiş tıbbi ve aromatik
bitkilerin hem dış hem de iç pazarda katma değeri artmaktadır. Bugün ileri
tarım teknolojilerine sahip ülkelerde, katma değeri yüksek olan tıbbi ve
aromatik bitkilerin, organik tarım şartlarında yetiştirilmesinde önemli
gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Türkiye tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerde dışsatım payını
artırmak için organik gübre ya da iyi tarım tekniklerine yönelmek zorundadır.
Organik gübrelerin tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin verim ve kalitesine etkisini
araştıran çok az çalışma bulunmakla birlikte bu çalışmalarda verim ve kalite
üzerine organik gübrelemenin pozitif etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemede
organik gübreler ile yetiştirilen tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin verim ve
kaliteleri ele alınarak, üretimde sürdürülebilirlik kavramına vurgu yapılacak
ve organik üretim yöntemlerini teşvik eden yaklaşımların yaygınlaşması katkıda
bulunulacaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organik tarım tıbbi bitkiler biogübre

Kaynakça

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  • Abdul Jaleel, C., Gopi, R. Sankar, B., Manivannan, P., Kishorekumar, A., 2007. Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipid peroxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthusroseus seedling sunder salt stress.South African Journal of Botany, 73: 190–195.
  • Abou-Aly, H.E, Mady, M.A., Moussa, S.A.M., 2006. Interaction effect between phosphate dissolving microorganisms and boron on growth, endogenous phytohormones and yield of squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). The First Scientific Conference of the Agriculture Chemistry and Environment Society, Cairo, Egypt.
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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 37 - 48, 12.09.2019

Gülsüm Yaldız Mahmut Çamlıca Ferit Özen

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdelaziz, M., Pokluda, R., Abdelwahab, M.M., 2007. Influence of compost, microorganisms and NPK fertilizer upon growth, chemical composition and essential oil production of Rosmarinus officinalisL. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 35: 86-90.
  • Abdul Jaleel, C., Gopi, R. Sankar, B., Manivannan, P., Kishorekumar, A., 2007. Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipid peroxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthusroseus seedling sunder salt stress.South African Journal of Botany, 73: 190–195.
  • Abou-Aly, H.E, Mady, M.A., Moussa, S.A.M., 2006. Interaction effect between phosphate dissolving microorganisms and boron on growth, endogenous phytohormones and yield of squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). The First Scientific Conference of the Agriculture Chemistry and Environment Society, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Adejoro, S.A., Okunlola, A.I., Fakanlu, G., 2011. Evaluation of some manure typesfor the growth and yield of Watermelon in Southwestern Nigeria. Researcher, 3: 393-395.
  • Adholeya A, Prakash A. 2004. Effect of different organic manures/composts on the herbage and essential oil yield of Cymbopogon winterianus and their influence on the native AM population in a marginal alfisoil. Bioresource Technology, 92, 311-9.
  • Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A., Khanuja, S.P.S., 2005. Effect of organic manure sand inorganic fertilizer on growth, herbandoil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of french basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 13-14.
  • Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C., Metzeger, J.D., 2004. Influences of vermicomposts on fielde mergence, development and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seed Science and Technology, 21: 159-178
  • Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Babenko, A., Cannon, J., Galvis, P., Metzger, J.D., 2008. Influences of vermicomposts, produced by earthworms and microorganisms from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste, on the germination, growth and flowering of petunias in the greenhouse. Appliedsoilecology, 39: 91– 99.
  • ArulNavamani VJ (2002). Integrated nutrient management of Ashwagandha (Withania somniferaDunal.) for growth, yield and quality. M.Sc., (Hort.) Thesis, AC and RI, TNAU,
  • Ateia, E.M., Osman, Y.A.H., Meawad, A.E.A., 2009. Effect of organic fertilization on yield and active constituents of Thymus vulgarisl. undernorth sinai conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biologica lSciences, 5(4): 555-565.
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  • Fatma, A., Gharib, I., Lobana, A., Mossa, A., Osama, N., 2008. Effect of Compost and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil of Sweet Marjoram (Majorana hortensis) Plant. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 4: 381- 387.
  • Forouzande, M., Karimian, M.A., Mohkami, Z., 2015. Effect of drought stress and different types of organic fertilizers on yield of cumin components in sistan region. European Journal of Medicinal Plants.5(1): 95-100.
  • Gharib, F.A., Moussa, L.A., Massoud, O.N., 2008. Effect of compostand biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil of sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plant. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 10(4): 381- 387.
  • Hadj-Seyed-Hadi M., Noormohamadi, G., Masoud-Sinaki, J., Khodabandeh, N., Yasa, N., Darzi, M.T.,2004. Effects of planting time and plant density on flower yield and active substance of chamomile (Matricaria chamomillaL.).In: Fourth International Crop Science Congress,Brisbane, Australia.
  • HajSeyed Hadi, M., Darz, M.T., Ghandehari, Z., Riazi, G., 2011.Effects of vermicompostand amino acids on the flower yield and essential oil production fromMatricaria chamomile L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(23): 5611-5617.
  • HashemiMajd, K., Kalbasi, M., Golchin, A., Shariatmadari, H., 2003. Identifying Eiseniafoetid aspecy in north of Iran. Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 7(4): 61-68.
  • Hendawy, S., Khalid, A., 2011. Effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on yield and essential oil of chamomile flower heads. Medicinal And Aromatic Plant Science and Biology5: 43- 48.
  • Hussein, M.S., El-Sherbeny, S.E., Khalil, M.Y., Naguib N.Y., Aly, S.M., 2006. Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalummoldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientica Horticulturae, 108(3): 322- 331.
  • Ibrahim, MH., Jaafar, H.Z.E., 2011. Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbondioxide enrichmentvupregulates the production of secondary metabolites in Labisia pumila seedlings. Molecules, 16: 3761–3777.
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  • Jokar, T., Mahmoud, A., Amoli, H.F., Niknejad, Y., 2015. Effect of Bio-fertilizer on the agronomic characteristics of livestock and medicinal herb (Echinaceapurpurea). Biological Forum, 7(1).
  • Joshee, N., Mentreddy, S.R., Yadav, K.Y., 2007. Mycorhizal fungiand growth and development of micropropagated Scutelleria integrifolia plants. Industrial Cropsand Products, 25: 169- 177.
  • Kapoor R, Giri B, Mukerji KG. 2002. Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativumL.) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 1-4.
  • Kapoor, R., Giri, B., Mukerji, K.G., 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with Pfertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 93: 307- 311.
  • Khalid, A.K.H., Hendawy, S.F., El-Gezawy, E., 2006. Ocimum basilicumL. production under organic farming. Oxidation Technologies and Biological Processes:RecentDevelopments, Trends, and Advances, 12: 4-9.
  • Khalid, K.A., El-Sherbeny, S.E., Shafei, A.M., 2007. Response of Ruta graveolens L. to rock phosphate and/or feldspar underbiological fertilizers. Arab Universities Jornal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(1): 203-213.
  • Khaliq, A., Janardhanan, K.K., 1997. Influence of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Productivity of Cultivated Mints. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Science, 19: 7-10.
  • Krishnamoorthy, R.V., Vajrabhiah, S.N., 1986. Biological activity of earthworm casts: an assessment of plant growth promoter levels in casts. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, 95: 341-351.
  • Kırıcı, S., 2015. tıbbi ve Aromatik bitkilerin Gıda Sanayisinde Kullanımı. Türkiye Tohumcular Birliği Dergisi (TÜRKTOB), 15: 4-12.
  • Kocabaş, I., Sönmez, İ., Kalkan, H., Kaplan, M. 2007. Farklı organik gübrelerin adaçayı (Salvia fructicosa Miil.)’nın uçucu yağ oranı ve bitki besin maddeleri içeriğine etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1): 105-110.
  • Leithy, S., EL-meseiry, T.A., Abdallah, E.F., 2006. Effect of biofertilizers cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on Rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of applied Research, 2: 773- 779.
  • Maheswarappa, H.P., Nanjappa, H.V., Hegde, M.R., 1999. Influence of organic manures on yield of arrow root, soilphysico-chemical and biological properties when grown as intercrop in coconut garden. Annual Agriculture Research, 20: 318- 323.
  • Mahfouz, S.A., Sharaf-Eldin, M.A., 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Mary, J.A.L., Nithiya, T., 2015. Effect of organic and ınorganic fertilizer on growth, phenolic compound sand antioxidant activity of Solanum Nigrum L. World Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(5): 808-822.
  • Mshelia, J.S., Degri, M.M., 2014. Effect of different levels of poultry manure on the performance of Amaranthus( Amaranthus caudatus L.) in bama, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Nature, 5: 121-125.
  • Moradi, B., 2009. Effect of organic fertilizers and biological yield, grain yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). MA thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
  • Moradi, R., Rezvani-Moghaddam, P., NasiriMahallati, M., Nezhadali, A., 2011. Effects of organic and biological fertilizers on fruit yield and essential oil of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce). Spanish Journal of Agriculture Research, 9: 546- 553.
  • Muscolo, A., Bovalo, F., Gionfriddo, F., Nardi, F., 1999. Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effects on Daucuscarota cell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31: 1303– 1311.
  • Nabizadeh, E., Habibi, H., Hosainpour, M., 2012. The effect of Fertilizers and biological nitrogen and planting density on yield quality and quantity Pimpinella anisum L. Pelagia Research Library. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2(4): 1326-1336.
  • Ndubuaku, U.M., Ede, A.E., Baiyeri, K.P., Ezeaku, P.I., 2015. Application of poultry manure and the effect on growth and performance of potted Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) plants raised for Urban dwellers’ use. African journal of Agricultural Research, 10: 3575-3581.
  • Ordookhani, K.,.Sharafzadeh, S.H., Zare, M. 2011. Influence of PGPR on growth, essential oil and nutrients uptake of sweet basil. Advances Environmental Biology, 5(4): 672- 677.
  • Priya, S., Elakkiya, R., 2012. Effect of organic and biofertilizers on growth and yield of Eclipta alba(L.). International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 4: 1703-1705.
  • Qupta, M.L., Janardhanan, K.K., Chattopadhyay, A., Hussain, A., 1990. Associations of Glomus with palmrosa and its influence on growth and biochemical production. Mycological Research, 561–563.
  • RajeswaraRao, B.R., 2001. Biomass and essential oil yields of rain fed palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.) supplied with different levels of organic manure and fertilizer nitrogen in semi-arid tropical climate. Industrial crop sand products, 14: 171-178.
  • Ratti, N., Kumar, S., Verma, H.N., Gautam, S.P., 2001. Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martini var. motiaby Rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillum Inoculation. Microbiological Research, 156: 145- 149.
  • Roy, S., Arunachalam, K., Kumar-Dutta, B., Arunachalam, A., 2010. Effect of organic amendments of soil on growth and productivity of three common crops viz. Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and Abelmoschus esculentus. Applied Soil Ecology 45: 78- 84.
  • Sadiq-Gorsi, M., 2002. Studies on mycorrhizal association in some medicinal plants of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 14: 383- 387.
  • Saedi-Farkoosh, S., Ardakani, M.R,,Rejali, F., 2011. Effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and bacillus coagolance on qualitative and quantitative traits of Matricaria chamomilla under different levels of phosphorus. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 8: 1-9.
  • Saeed-Nejad, A.H., Rezvani Moghadam, P., 2009. Evaluation the effect of using composting, vermicompoosting and manure on yield, yield components and essential oil Cuminum cyminum. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2): 142-148.
  • Scheffer, M.C., Koehler, H.S., 1993. Influence of organic fertilization on the biomass, yield and yield composition of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium. Acta Horticulture, 331: 109-114.
  • ShafaghKalvanagh, J., Nazari Heris, A., 2013. The effect of water deficit stress, organic and ınorganic fertilizers on yield and yield components of dragon’shead (Lallemantiaiberica). International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(7): 1558- 1563.
  • Sharifi-Ashorabadi, A., Normohammadi, G.H., Matin, A., Ghalavand, A., Lebaschi, M.H., 2002. Comparison efficiency consumption energy in different method of soil fertility (Chemical, Integrated, Organic). Journal of Research and Construction Forest and Rangeland, 57: 91-97.
  • Sharma, A.K., 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India.
  • Sharma, A.K., 2003. Biofertilizersfor Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India.
  • Singh, M., Rao, R.S.G., 2009. Influence of source and doses of N and K on herbage, oil yield and nutrient uptake of patchouli in semi-arid tropics. Industrial Crops and Products, 29: 229-234.
  • Soyergin, S., 2003. Organik tarımda toprak verimliliğinin korunması, gübreler ve organik toprak iyileştiricileri. Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  • Sönmez, İ., Kaplan, M., SÖNMEZ, S., 2008. Kimyasal Gübrelerin çevre kirliliği üzerine etkileri ve çözüm önerileri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi, 25(2): 24-34.
  • Thakur, R.N., Arya, P.S., Thakur, S.K., 1999. Response of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties to fertilizer levels, Rhizobium inoculation and their residual effect on onion (Allium cepa) in MidHills of Nourth-Western Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 69(6): 416-418.
  • Tabrizi, L., 2004. Effects of water stress and manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Plantagoovate and Plantagopsyllium. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Mashhad, Iran.
  • Tomati, U., Galli, E., Grappelli, A., Hard, J.S., 1994. Plant metabolism as influenced by earthworm casts. Mitteilungenaus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museumand Institute 89: 179–185.
  • Vildova, A., Stolcova, M., Kloucek, P., Orsak, M., 2006. Quality characterization of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in organic and traditional agricultures. International Symposium on Chamomile Research, pp. 81- 21.
  • Yaldiz, G., 2013. İki farklı gübre uygulamasının fesleğen (Ocimum Basilicum L.) verimine ve uçucu yağ oranına etkisi. Bildiri Kitapcığı, Çayır Mera ve Biyoteknoloji. Türkiye 10 Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 10-13 Eylül, Konya, s. 927- 932.
  • Yaldiz, G., Dede, Ö., Demirkol, G., 2013. Farklı gübre uygulamalarının meryemana dikeni (Silybum marianum)’ nde verim, verim unsurları ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerine etkileri. Bildiri Kitapcığı, Çayır Mera ve Biyoteknoloji. Türkiye 10. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 10-13 Eylül, Konya, s. 985-990.
  • Yaldız, G., Çamlıca, M., Özen, F., & Eratalar, S.A. 2019. Effect of Poultry Manure on Yield and Nutrient Composition of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 50(7): 838- 852. oi:10.1080/00103624.2019.1589488.
  • Yaldız, G., Çamlıca, M., Özen, F. 2019. Biological value and chemical components of essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown with organic fertilization sources. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99: 2005-2013. Doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9468.
Toplam 88 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bitki Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülsüm Yaldız

Mahmut Çamlıca

Ferit Özen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaldız, G., Çamlıca, M., & Özen, F. (2019). Organik Gübrelemenin Tıbbi Bitkilerin Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3), 37-48.
 Kapak Resmi İndir