Araştırma Makalesi
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Evaluation of Grain Maize Harvest Residues as Fodder After Partial Torrefaction Under Microwave

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 581 - 591, 31.12.2023

Seyithan Seydoşoğlu Nizamettin Turan

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1265708

Öz

With a project supported by Siirt University (Siirt, Türkiye), we determined the conversion potential of residues of field cropped grain maize into animal feed via torrefaction. Torrefaction application was performed in a microwave device for four different periods of time (0, 4, 8, and 12 minutes) in three replications at three different watts (300, 600, and 900 watts). The dry matter digestion was determined for the ground starter and final materials by the Daisy Incubator Technique (ANKOM). Changes in dry matter, protein, and ADF values were measured by standard feed quality analyses. The effects of applications on dry matter ratio, protein, and in vitro digestibility were found to be statistically significant, whereas the effect on ADF ratio was insignificant. Low-term torrefaction applications significantly increased the dry matter ratio, whereas high power and long application periods significantly increased the protein ratio. In vitro, digestibility was decreased due to the increase in the power application and duration of torrefaction. A material with high dry matter and high protein content but low in vitro digestibility was obtained as a result of the torrefaction applications tested in the study under microwave conditions with grain maize harvest residues. Although the applications tested have decreased the value of maize harvest residues as cattle feed, the obtained material with high dry matter and protein content with this torrefaction method has the potential to be used as a nutrient medium in different living environments (e.g. bacterial or fungal) which may be subjected to further investigations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maize harvest residues straw dry matter animal feeding microwave torrefication

Proje Numarası

2021-SİUZİR-053

Kaynakça

  • Ankom, (2002). Operator’s Manual Ankom 200/220 Fiber Analyzer. Ankom Technology Corporation, Fairport.
  • Anonymous. (2022). Cellulosic sugars. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:40, September 9, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellulosic_sugars&oldid=1120190827
  • AOAC, (1990). Official methods of analysis, fifteenth edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  • AOAC, (1998). Officinal Methods of Analysis (16th Edition). AOAC International, Gaithersburg.
  • Bridgeman, T.G., Jones, J.M., Shield, I.F., & Williams, P.T. (2008). Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties. Fuel, 87(6), 844-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.041
  • Chen, W.H., Peng, J., & Bi, X.T. (2015). A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 847-866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.039.
  • Chen, W.H., & Kuo, P.C. (2011). Torrefaction and co-torrefaction characterization of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as torrefaction of some basic constituents in biomass. Energy, 36(2), 803-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.036
  • Chinipardaz, A., Karimizadeh, R., Asghari, A., Chinipardaz, R., Sofalian, O., Ghaffari, A. (2016). Application of GGE biplot analysis to evaluate grain yield stability of rainfed spring durum wheat genotypes and test locations by climatic factors in Iran. Crop Breeding Journal, 6(2), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.22092/CBJ.2016.107106
  • Deng, J., Wang, G., Kuang, J., Zhang, Y., & Luo, Y. (2009). Pretreatment of agricultural residues for co-gasification via torrefaction. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 86(2), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2009.08.006.
  • Eren, B., & Demirel, F. (2020). Bazı buğday genotiplerinde fide gelişim parametlerinin korelasyon analizi. Journal of Agriculture, 3(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.758138
  • FAOSTAT, (2021). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
  • Goering, H.K., & Van Soest, P.J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analysis, Agric. Handbook No. 379, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC, pp. 115; 1819.
  • Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., & Rojas, O.J. (2010). Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chemical Reviews, 110(6), 3479-3500. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900339w.
  • Hendriks, A.T. W. M., & Zeeman, G. (2009). Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, 100(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027.
  • Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H.P., & Bohn, A. (2005). Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material. Angewandte Chemie, 44(22), 3358-3393. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587.
  • Mohammadi, R., Amri, A. (2011). Graphic analysis of trait relations and genotype evaluation in durum wheat. Journal of Crop Improvement, 25(6), 680-696. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.601437.
  • NIST, (2011a). Xylose. Material Measurement Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C58866&Mask=8
  • NIST, (2011b). Glucose. Material Measurement Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C492626&Mask=2
  • Prins, M.M., Ptasinski, K.K., & Janssen, F.F. (2006). Torrefaction of wood: Part 1. Weight loss kinetics. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 77(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.01.002.
  • Sarnklong, C., Cone, J.W., Pellikaan, W., & Hendriks, W.H. (2010). Utilization of rice straw and different treatments to improve its feed value for ruminants: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(5), 680-692. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.80619.
  • Stelt, Van Der, M.M., Gerhauser, H., Kiel, J.J., & Ptasinski, K.K. (2011). Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: A review. Biomass & Bioenergy, 35(9), 3748-3762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.06.023.
  • Tumuluru, J.S., Sokhansanj, S., Hess, J.R., Wright, C.T., & Boardman, R.D. (2011). “REVIEW: A review on Biomass Torrefaction Process and Product Properties for Energy Applications,” Industrial Biotechnology, 7(5), 384-401. https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2011.7.384.
  • Van Soest, P.V., Robertson, J.B., & Lewis, B. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
  • Yan, W., Tinker, N.A. (2006). Biplot analysis of multienvironment trial data: Principles and applications. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86, 623-645. https://doi.org/10.4141/P05-169.
  • Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Lee, D.H., & Zheng, C. (2007). Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel, 86(12), 1781–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013.
  • Yang, J., & Zhang, J. (2010). Crop management techniques to enhance harvest index in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(12), 3177-3189. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq112.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 581 - 591, 31.12.2023

Seyithan Seydoşoğlu Nizamettin Turan

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1265708

Öz

Destekleyen Kurum

Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Proje Numarası

2021-SİUZİR-053

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Desteklerden dolayı teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Kaynakça

  • Ankom, (2002). Operator’s Manual Ankom 200/220 Fiber Analyzer. Ankom Technology Corporation, Fairport.
  • Anonymous. (2022). Cellulosic sugars. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:40, September 9, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellulosic_sugars&oldid=1120190827
  • AOAC, (1990). Official methods of analysis, fifteenth edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  • AOAC, (1998). Officinal Methods of Analysis (16th Edition). AOAC International, Gaithersburg.
  • Bridgeman, T.G., Jones, J.M., Shield, I.F., & Williams, P.T. (2008). Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties. Fuel, 87(6), 844-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.041
  • Chen, W.H., Peng, J., & Bi, X.T. (2015). A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 847-866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.039.
  • Chen, W.H., & Kuo, P.C. (2011). Torrefaction and co-torrefaction characterization of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as torrefaction of some basic constituents in biomass. Energy, 36(2), 803-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.036
  • Chinipardaz, A., Karimizadeh, R., Asghari, A., Chinipardaz, R., Sofalian, O., Ghaffari, A. (2016). Application of GGE biplot analysis to evaluate grain yield stability of rainfed spring durum wheat genotypes and test locations by climatic factors in Iran. Crop Breeding Journal, 6(2), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.22092/CBJ.2016.107106
  • Deng, J., Wang, G., Kuang, J., Zhang, Y., & Luo, Y. (2009). Pretreatment of agricultural residues for co-gasification via torrefaction. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 86(2), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2009.08.006.
  • Eren, B., & Demirel, F. (2020). Bazı buğday genotiplerinde fide gelişim parametlerinin korelasyon analizi. Journal of Agriculture, 3(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.758138
  • FAOSTAT, (2021). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
  • Goering, H.K., & Van Soest, P.J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analysis, Agric. Handbook No. 379, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC, pp. 115; 1819.
  • Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., & Rojas, O.J. (2010). Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chemical Reviews, 110(6), 3479-3500. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900339w.
  • Hendriks, A.T. W. M., & Zeeman, G. (2009). Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, 100(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027.
  • Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H.P., & Bohn, A. (2005). Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material. Angewandte Chemie, 44(22), 3358-3393. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587.
  • Mohammadi, R., Amri, A. (2011). Graphic analysis of trait relations and genotype evaluation in durum wheat. Journal of Crop Improvement, 25(6), 680-696. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.601437.
  • NIST, (2011a). Xylose. Material Measurement Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C58866&Mask=8
  • NIST, (2011b). Glucose. Material Measurement Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C492626&Mask=2
  • Prins, M.M., Ptasinski, K.K., & Janssen, F.F. (2006). Torrefaction of wood: Part 1. Weight loss kinetics. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 77(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.01.002.
  • Sarnklong, C., Cone, J.W., Pellikaan, W., & Hendriks, W.H. (2010). Utilization of rice straw and different treatments to improve its feed value for ruminants: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(5), 680-692. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.80619.
  • Stelt, Van Der, M.M., Gerhauser, H., Kiel, J.J., & Ptasinski, K.K. (2011). Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: A review. Biomass & Bioenergy, 35(9), 3748-3762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.06.023.
  • Tumuluru, J.S., Sokhansanj, S., Hess, J.R., Wright, C.T., & Boardman, R.D. (2011). “REVIEW: A review on Biomass Torrefaction Process and Product Properties for Energy Applications,” Industrial Biotechnology, 7(5), 384-401. https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2011.7.384.
  • Van Soest, P.V., Robertson, J.B., & Lewis, B. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
  • Yan, W., Tinker, N.A. (2006). Biplot analysis of multienvironment trial data: Principles and applications. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86, 623-645. https://doi.org/10.4141/P05-169.
  • Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Lee, D.H., & Zheng, C. (2007). Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel, 86(12), 1781–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013.
  • Yang, J., & Zhang, J. (2010). Crop management techniques to enhance harvest index in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(12), 3177-3189. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq112.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seyithan Seydoşoğlu 0000-0002-3711-3733

Nizamettin Turan 0000-0002-4026-6781

Proje Numarası 2021-SİUZİR-053
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 5 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Seydoşoğlu, S., & Turan, N. (2023). Evaluation of Grain Maize Harvest Residues as Fodder After Partial Torrefaction Under Microwave. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33(4), 581-591. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1265708
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