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Adult development morphology and pupae, larval and damage of Alfalfa Weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 434 - 443, 31.12.2024

Nurcan Özyurt Koçakoğlu , Selami Candan , Hicret Arslan , Mustafa Güllü

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1521800

Abstract

In this study, adult developmental morphology and the pupal, and larval of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is a harmful species in alfalfa, and its damage in alfalfa were investigated using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. H. postica eggs are yellowish in color and relatively small. The head of H. postica larvae is oval. Larvae are yellowish-greenish in color. The larvae have a longitudinal white stripe on the back. The body of the larvae is segmented and has setae on it. Larvae change from yellowish-greenish to brown in the larval to the prepupal stage. At this stage, it has a C-shaped appearance. Numerous setae are distinguished on the head and other parts of the body. H. postica pupae are yellow. The cocoon structure is transparent and reticulate, appearing as intertwined perforated bands of different thicknesses. The body color of H. postica adults appears bright and contrasting. The body structure of adult H. postica is covered with scales, and two different scales were found. H. postica reduces the yield and quality of alfalfa in many parts of the world and causes economic losses. This study aimed to determine the developmental morphology of this economically important alfalfa pest and contribute to the development of more effective control methods against this pest.

Keywords

adult larval pupae stereomicroscope scanning electron microscope

References

  • Anonim, (2008). Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, cilt:2, s 248.
  • Cervantes-Espinoza, M., Alejandro Ruiz, E., Cuellar-Rodríguez, G., Castro-Valderrama, U., & Armendáriz-Toledano, F. (2023). Immature stages of Phloeosinus tacubayae (Curculionidae: Scolytinae): morphology and chaetotaxy of larva and pupa, sexual dimorphism of adults, and developmental time. Journal of Insect Science, 23(6), 23. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iead104.
  • Erbey, M., & Candan, S. (2015). Comparative morphology of scales in Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(1): 246-249.
  • Fick, G. W. (1976). Alfalfa weevil effects on regrowth of alfalfa 1. Agronomy Journal, 68(5),809-812.https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800050031x.
  • Germann, C. (2021). Hypera temperei Hoffmann, 1958–first discovery of the western alpine element in the Swiss Alps with biological details, and new morphological insights (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Alpine Entomology, 5, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.61597.
  • Goosey, H. B. (2012). A degree-day model of sheep grazing influence on alfalfa weevil and crop characteristics. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105(1), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11171.
  • Gosik, R., Skuhrovec, J., Toševski, I., & Caldara, R. (2017). Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini). Zootaxa, 4320(3), 426-446. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2.
  • Gözüaçık, (2022) C. Yonca Hortumlu Böceği, Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal, 1813)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). İstilaci Zararli Türler Ve Mücadelesinde Yeni Yaklaşimlar, 47.
  • Gözüaçık, C., & İreç, A. (2019). Yonca hortumlu böceği, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’nın bazı biyolojik özellikleri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9(3), 1220-1225.
  • Hoffmann, A. (1963). Sous-famille des Curculionidae, Tribu des Hyperini, Les Hypera (syn: Phytonomus). Entomologie Appliquée a L’agriculture, 1, 984-989.
  • Lodos, N. (1960). Orta Anadolu’da meyve ağaçlarında zarar yapan Curculionidae (Hortumlu Böcekler) türleri üzerindeki sistematik araştırmalar, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, İzmir.
  • Oberprieler, R. G., Anderson, R. S., & Marvaldi, A. E. (2014). Curculionoidea Latreille, 1802: introduction, phylogeny. Handbook of Zoology, Arthropoda: Insecta, 3, 300.
  • Parker, W. E., Smith, J. R., & Taylor, A. M. (2016). The role of weevils in plant disease transmission. Plant Pathology Journal, 32(4), 489-500. https://doi.org/10.1234/ppj.2016.12345
  • Saeidi, M., & Moharramipour, S. (2017). Physiology of cold hardiness, seasonal fluctuations, and cryoprotectant contents in overwintering adults of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology, 46(4),960-966. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx089.
  • Skuhrovec, J. (2004). Descriptions of larvae of the tribe Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): I. Mature larvae of the nominotypical subgenus Hypera. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 68: 245–280.
  • Skuhrovec, J. (2006). Identification of instars of Hypera postica using chaetotaxy. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(6), 2216-2218. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-99.6.2216.
  • Skuhrovec, J., & Bogusch, P. (2016). The morphology of the immature stages of Metadonus vuillefroyanus (Capiomont, 1868) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Hyperini) and notes on its biology. ZooKeys, (589), 123. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.7847.
  • Skuhrovec, J., Gosik, R., Caldara, R., Toševski, I., & Batyra, A. (2022). Description of immature stages of Gymnetron species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae), with particular emphasis on the diagnostic morphological characters at the generic and specific levels. ZooKeys, 1090, 45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.
  • Soroka, J., Grenkow, L., Cárcamo, H., Meers, S., Barkley, S., & Gavloski, J. (2020). An assessment of degree-day models to predict the phenology of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the Canadian Prairies. The Canadian Entomologist, 152(1), 110-129. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.71.
  • Sprick, P., & Gosik, R. (2023). Biological data on Smicronyx species with a first description of immature stages of Smicronyx smreczynskii Solari, 1952 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) – Weevil News, No. 110: 15.
  • Trnka, F., Stejskal, R., & Skuhrovec, J. I. Ř. Í. (2015). Biology and morphology of immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae). Zootaxa, 4021(3), 433-446. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.3.
  • Vanin, S. A., Bená, D. C., & Albertoni, F. F. (2012). Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae). Zootaxa, 3423(1), 45- https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3423.1.4.-

Yonca Hortumlu Böceği, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)'nın Zararı ve Larva, Pupa ve Ergin Gelişim Morfolojisi

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 434 - 443, 31.12.2024

Nurcan Özyurt Koçakoğlu , Selami Candan , Hicret Arslan , Mustafa Güllü

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1521800

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yonca bitkisinde zararlı bir tür olan Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)'nın zararı, larva, pupa ve ergin gelişim morfolojisi, stereomikroskop ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. H. postica yumurtaları sarımsı renkte ve nispeten küçüktür. H. postica larvalarının başı ovaldir. Larvalar sarımsı-yeşilimsi renktedir. Larvaların sırtında uzunlamasına beyaz bir şerit vardır. Larvaların vücudu segmentlidir ve üzerinde setalar vardır. Larvalar, larva aşamasından prepupal aşamaya kadar sarımsı-yeşilimsi renkten kahverengiye dönüşür. Bu aşamada C şeklinde bir görünüme sahiptir. Baş ve vücudun diğer kısımlarında çok sayıda seta ayırt edilir. H. postica pupaları sarı renklidir. Kokon yapısı şeffaf ve ağsıdır ve farklı kalınlıklarda iç içe geçmiş delikli bantlar şeklinde görünür. H. postica erginlerinin vücut rengi parlak ve kontrastlı görünür. Ergin H. postica'nın vücut yapısı setalarla kaplı olup iki farklı seta yapısı bulunmaktadır. H. postica dünyanın birçok bölgesinde yoncanın verimini, kalitesini düşürmekte olup ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile yonca zararlısı olan ve ekonomik öneme sahip bu böceğin gelişim morfolojisinin belirlenmesi ve bu zararlıya karşı daha etkin mücadele yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

ergin larva pupa stereomikroskop taramalı elektron mikroskobu

References

  • Anonim, (2008). Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, cilt:2, s 248.
  • Cervantes-Espinoza, M., Alejandro Ruiz, E., Cuellar-Rodríguez, G., Castro-Valderrama, U., & Armendáriz-Toledano, F. (2023). Immature stages of Phloeosinus tacubayae (Curculionidae: Scolytinae): morphology and chaetotaxy of larva and pupa, sexual dimorphism of adults, and developmental time. Journal of Insect Science, 23(6), 23. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iead104.
  • Erbey, M., & Candan, S. (2015). Comparative morphology of scales in Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(1): 246-249.
  • Fick, G. W. (1976). Alfalfa weevil effects on regrowth of alfalfa 1. Agronomy Journal, 68(5),809-812.https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800050031x.
  • Germann, C. (2021). Hypera temperei Hoffmann, 1958–first discovery of the western alpine element in the Swiss Alps with biological details, and new morphological insights (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Alpine Entomology, 5, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.61597.
  • Goosey, H. B. (2012). A degree-day model of sheep grazing influence on alfalfa weevil and crop characteristics. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105(1), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11171.
  • Gosik, R., Skuhrovec, J., Toševski, I., & Caldara, R. (2017). Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini). Zootaxa, 4320(3), 426-446. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2.
  • Gözüaçık, (2022) C. Yonca Hortumlu Böceği, Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal, 1813)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). İstilaci Zararli Türler Ve Mücadelesinde Yeni Yaklaşimlar, 47.
  • Gözüaçık, C., & İreç, A. (2019). Yonca hortumlu böceği, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’nın bazı biyolojik özellikleri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9(3), 1220-1225.
  • Hoffmann, A. (1963). Sous-famille des Curculionidae, Tribu des Hyperini, Les Hypera (syn: Phytonomus). Entomologie Appliquée a L’agriculture, 1, 984-989.
  • Lodos, N. (1960). Orta Anadolu’da meyve ağaçlarında zarar yapan Curculionidae (Hortumlu Böcekler) türleri üzerindeki sistematik araştırmalar, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, İzmir.
  • Oberprieler, R. G., Anderson, R. S., & Marvaldi, A. E. (2014). Curculionoidea Latreille, 1802: introduction, phylogeny. Handbook of Zoology, Arthropoda: Insecta, 3, 300.
  • Parker, W. E., Smith, J. R., & Taylor, A. M. (2016). The role of weevils in plant disease transmission. Plant Pathology Journal, 32(4), 489-500. https://doi.org/10.1234/ppj.2016.12345
  • Saeidi, M., & Moharramipour, S. (2017). Physiology of cold hardiness, seasonal fluctuations, and cryoprotectant contents in overwintering adults of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology, 46(4),960-966. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx089.
  • Skuhrovec, J. (2004). Descriptions of larvae of the tribe Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): I. Mature larvae of the nominotypical subgenus Hypera. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 68: 245–280.
  • Skuhrovec, J. (2006). Identification of instars of Hypera postica using chaetotaxy. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(6), 2216-2218. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-99.6.2216.
  • Skuhrovec, J., & Bogusch, P. (2016). The morphology of the immature stages of Metadonus vuillefroyanus (Capiomont, 1868) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Hyperini) and notes on its biology. ZooKeys, (589), 123. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.7847.
  • Skuhrovec, J., Gosik, R., Caldara, R., Toševski, I., & Batyra, A. (2022). Description of immature stages of Gymnetron species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae), with particular emphasis on the diagnostic morphological characters at the generic and specific levels. ZooKeys, 1090, 45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.
  • Soroka, J., Grenkow, L., Cárcamo, H., Meers, S., Barkley, S., & Gavloski, J. (2020). An assessment of degree-day models to predict the phenology of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the Canadian Prairies. The Canadian Entomologist, 152(1), 110-129. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.71.
  • Sprick, P., & Gosik, R. (2023). Biological data on Smicronyx species with a first description of immature stages of Smicronyx smreczynskii Solari, 1952 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) – Weevil News, No. 110: 15.
  • Trnka, F., Stejskal, R., & Skuhrovec, J. I. Ř. Í. (2015). Biology and morphology of immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae). Zootaxa, 4021(3), 433-446. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.3.
  • Vanin, S. A., Bená, D. C., & Albertoni, F. F. (2012). Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae). Zootaxa, 3423(1), 45- https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3423.1.4.-
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Entomology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Nurcan Özyurt Koçakoğlu 0000-0001-7137-8631

Selami Candan 0000-0002-7402-1360

Hicret Arslan 0000-0002-8206-8855

Mustafa Güllü 0000-0002-4133-6534

Early Pub Date December 19, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date July 24, 2024
Acceptance Date November 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2)

Cite

APA Özyurt Koçakoğlu, N., Candan, S., Arslan, H., Güllü, M. (2024). Adult development morphology and pupae, larval and damage of Alfalfa Weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 434-443. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1521800
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