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Muş ovası tarımsal yüzey su kaynaklarının mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 6, 1492 - 1505

Tuba Karakoyun , Didem Taşdelen , Sedat Bozarı , Murad Aydın Şanda , Harun Önlü , Zeynal Topalcengiz

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1662712

Öz

Tarımsal sular, tarlalardaki mahsül kontaminasyonunun bir kaynağı olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Muş ovasındaki tarımsal amaçlarla kullanılan yüzey su kaynaklarının mikrobiyolojik kalitesini belirlemektir. Tarım sezonu boyunca iki gölet ve iki akarsu olmak üzere dört farklı yüzey su kaynağından su örnekleri alınmıştır. Toplam koliform ve fekal koliform popülasyonları 100 mL su örneğinde En Muhtemel Sayı (MPN 100 mL-1) ile sayılmıştır. Jenerik Escherichia coli popülasyonları 100 mL su örneklerinde MPN ve CFU olarak belirlenmiştir. Su örneklerinden Jenerik E. coli izolasyonları yapılmış ve izolatların antibiyotik duyarlılık testi sonrası genetik akrabalıkları RAPD PCR ile belirlenmiştir. Salmonella varlığı da 100 mL su örneklerinde, olası kolonilerin izolasyonundan sonra InvA geninin doğrulanmasıyla belirlenmiştir. Toplam koliform popülasyonu > 2,96 log MPN 100 mL-1'ye ulaşmıştır. Tüm yüzey suyu kaynaklarındaki E. coli popülasyonu 0 ila >2,96 log MPN 100 mL-1 ve 0 ila 2,78 log CFU 100 mL-1 arasında değişmektedir. Salmonella varlığı iki kaynakta toplam üç su örneğinde (%5) pozitif bulunmuştur. Bütün E. coli izolatları rifampisin (%100), eritromisin (%100) ve vankomisine (%97,05) dirençli bulunmuştur. Akarsulardan izole edilen jenerik E. coli izolatları RAPD filogenetik analizine göre benzer kümelerde bir araya gelmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Muş Ovası'ndaki tarımsal yüzey su kaynaklarının mahsülle teması sonucunda kontaminasyon riski taşıdığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Generic Escherichia coli Salmonella Mahsül güvenliği Mikrobiyolojik su kalitesi Kontaminasyon

Etik Beyan

Tüm yazarlar makalelerinde, sonuçları veya yorumları etkileyebilecek herhangi bir maddi veya diğer asli çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan ederler.

Destekleyen Kurum

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Koordinatörlüğü tarafından destek sağlanmıştır

Proje Numarası

BAP-21-TBMYO-4901-05 ve BAP-20-FEF-4902-05

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmaya Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Koordinatörlüğü tarafından destek sağlanmıştır

Kaynakça

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  • Alshrif, N. M., & Buazzi, M. M. (2021). Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolates Using RAPD PCR Technique. Journal of Educational, 1(19), 543-552. http://dspace.elmergib.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/ 123456789/1151
  • Anwar, M., Iqbal, Q., & Saleem, F. (2020). Improper disposal of unused antibiotics: an often overlooked driver of antimicrobial resistance. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 18(8), 697-699. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14787210.2020.1754797
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  • Blodgett, R. (2020b). Most probable number from serial dilutions (Bacteriological analytical manual. US Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-appendix-2-most-probablenumber-serial-dilutions
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  • Boyacı, S., Ertugrul, O., Ertuğrul, G. Ö., & Gökalp, D. D. (2023). Kırşehir ilinde seralarda kullanılan sulama sularının kalite parametrelerinin belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(5), 1178-1185. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1180103
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  • Buyrukoğlu, G., Buyrukoğlu, S., & Topalcengiz, Z. (2021). Comparing Regression Models with Count Data to Artificial Neural Network and Ensemble Models for Prediction of Generic Escherichia coli Population in Agricultural Ponds Based on Weather Station Measurements. Microbial Risk Analysis, 19, 100171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mran.2021.100171
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Assessment of microbiological quality of agricultural surface water sources in Muş plain

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 6, 1492 - 1505

Tuba Karakoyun , Didem Taşdelen , Sedat Bozarı , Murad Aydın Şanda , Harun Önlü , Zeynal Topalcengiz

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1662712

Öz

Agricultural waters may be a source of produce contamination in the fields. The purpose of this study was to determine microbiological quality of agricultural surface water sources in Muş plain. Water samples were examined for four different agricultural surface water resources including two ponds and two streams during the agricultural season. The population of total coliform and fecal coliform were enumerated with Most Probable Number in 100 mL water samples (MPN 100 mL). Generic Escherichia coli populations were determined as MPN and CFU isolates in 100 mL water samples. Generic E. coli isolates were recovered for antibiotic susceptibility test and genetic relationships analyses with RAPD PCR. The presence of Salmonella was also determined in 100 mL water samples with confirmation of InvA gene presence after isolation of presumptive colonies. Total coliform population reached >2.96 log MPN 100 mL-1. The E. coli population in all surface water sources ranged from 0 to >2.96 log MPN 100 mL-1 and 0 to 2.78 log CFU 100 mL-1. The presence of Salmonella was found to be positive in a total of three water samples in two sources (5%). E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to rifampicin (100%), erythromycin (100%), and vancomycin (97.05%). Generic E. coli populations isolated from streams were not grouped together in similar clusters. Results of this study indicate that agricultural surface water sources in Muş Plain may contain could be a contamination source when in contact with the produce.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Generic Escherichia coli Salmonella Produce safety Microbiological water quality Contamination

Etik Beyan

Authors have declared no conflict of interest.

Destekleyen Kurum

Muş Alparslan University- Scientific Research Coordination Unit under project number:

Proje Numarası

BAP-21-TBMYO-4901-05 ve BAP-20-FEF-4902-05

Teşekkür

This study was supported by Muş Alparslan University- Scientific Research Coordination Unit under project numbers: BAP-21-TBMYO-4901-05 ve BAP-20-FEF-4902-05.

Kaynakça

  • Alegbeleye, O., & Sant’Ana, A. S. (2023). Microbiological quality of irrigation water for cultivation of fruits and vegetables: An overview of available guidelines, water testing strategies, and some factors that influence compliance. Environmental Research, 220(114771), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114771
  • Alshrif, N. M., & Buazzi, M. M. (2021). Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolates Using RAPD PCR Technique. Journal of Educational, 1(19), 543-552. http://dspace.elmergib.edu.ly/xmlui/handle/ 123456789/1151
  • Anwar, M., Iqbal, Q., & Saleem, F. (2020). Improper disposal of unused antibiotics: an often overlooked driver of antimicrobial resistance. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 18(8), 697-699. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14787210.2020.1754797
  • Bej, A. K., Dicesare, J. L., Haff, L., & Atlas, R. M. (1991). Detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. in water by using the polymerase chain reaction and gene probes for uid. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57(4), 1013-1017. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.4.1013-1017.1991
  • Bergkessel, M., & Guthrie, C. (2013). Colony PCR. In Methods in enzymology (Vol. 529, pp. 299-309). Elsevier. Blodgett, R. (2020a). Laboratory methods–BAM Appendix 2: most probable number from serial dilutions (Bacteriological Analytical Manual) https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-appendix-2-most-probable-number-serial-dilutions
  • Blodgett, R. (2020b). Most probable number from serial dilutions (Bacteriological analytical manual. US Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-appendix-2-most-probablenumber-serial-dilutions
  • Bottichio, L., Keaton, A., Thomas, D., Fulton, T., Tiffany, A., Frick, A., Mattioli, M., Kahler, A., Murphy, J., & Otto, M. (2020). Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli infections associated with romaine lettuce—United States, 2018. Clinical infectious diseases, 71(8), e323-e330. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1182
  • Boyacı, S., Ertugrul, O., Ertuğrul, G. Ö., & Gökalp, D. D. (2023). Kırşehir ilinde seralarda kullanılan sulama sularının kalite parametrelerinin belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(5), 1178-1185. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1180103
  • Bozari, S. (2016). Measuring of the genotoxic and potential antioxidant effects of essential oil obtained from Satureja hortensis against to Phaseolus vulgaris. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 59, e16160415. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2016160415
  • Buyrukoğlu, G., Buyrukoğlu, S., & Topalcengiz, Z. (2021). Comparing Regression Models with Count Data to Artificial Neural Network and Ensemble Models for Prediction of Generic Escherichia coli Population in Agricultural Ponds Based on Weather Station Measurements. Microbial Risk Analysis, 19, 100171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mran.2021.100171
  • Chinchkar, A. V., Singh, A., Singh, S. V., Acharya, A. M., & Kamble, M. G. (2022). Potential sanitizers and disinfectants for fresh fruits and vegetables: A comprehensive review. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(10), e16495. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16495
  • Clinical, & Institute, L. S. (2020). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In: Clinical and laboratory standards institute Wayne, PA.
  • Delgado-Blas, J. F., Ovejero, C. M., David, S., Montero, N., Calero-Caceres, W., Garcillan-Barcia, M. P., de la Cruz, F., Muniesa, M., Aanensen, D. M., & Gonzalez-Zorn, B. (2021). Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance dynamics of Escherichia coli in wastewater and river environments. Communications Biology, 4(1), 457. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01949-x
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  • Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Debusho, L. K., Vanderlinde, M., & Buys, E. M. (2011). Irrigation water as a potential preharvest source of bacterial contamination of vegetables. Journal of Food Safety, 31(4), 452-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00321.x
  • Kämpfer, P., Nienhüser, A., Packroff, G., Wernicke, F., Mehling, A., Nixdorf, K., Fiedler, S., Kolauch, C., & Esser, M. (2008). Molecular identification of coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water reservoirs with traditional methods and the Colilert-18 system. International journal of Hygiene and environmental health, 211(3-4), 374-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.021
  • Karaca, C., Hüner, T., & Mercimek Takcı, H. A. (2023). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli strains and fecal contamination in Orontes River, Turkey [Türkiye, Asi Nehrindeki Escherichia coli suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılık profilleri ve fekal kontaminasyonu]. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 6(2), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1262045
  • Karaca, C., Hüner, T., & Takcı, H. A. M. (2023). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli strains and fecal contamination in Orontes River, Turkey. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 6(2), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1262045
  • Kayış, F. B. (2022). Atatürk Baraj Gölünden (Adıyaman) İzole Edilen Escherichia coli Bakterilerinde Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Profili. Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(1), 105-109. https://doi.org/10.31594/ commagene.1110770
  • Kulik, K., Lenart-Boroń, A., & Wyrzykowska, K. (2023). Impact of antibiotic pollution on the bacterial population within surface water with special focus on mountain rivers. Water, 15(5), 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050975
  • Mahfouz, N., Caucci, S., Achatz, E., Semmler, T., Guenther, S., Berendonk, T. U., & Schroeder, M. (2018). High genomic diversity of multi-drug resistant wastewater Escherichia coli. Scientific reports, 8(1), 8928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27292-6
  • Maimaitiyiming, R., Yang, Y., Mulati, A., Aihaiti, A., & Wang, J. (2024). The Use of Ultraviolet Irradiation to Improve the Efficacy of Acids That Are Generally Recognized as Safe for Disinfecting Fresh Produce in the Ready-to-Eat Stage. Foods, 13(11), 1723. https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/11/1723
  • Mithuna, R., Tharanyalakshmi, R., Jain, I., Singhal, S., Sikarwar, D., Das, S., Ranjitha, J., Ghosh, D., Rahman, M. M., & Das, B. (2024). Emergence of antibiotic resistance due to the excessive use of antibiotics in medicines and feed additives: A global scenario with emphasis on the Indian perspective. Emerging Contaminants, 10(4), 100389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100389
  • Montiel, M., Villalba-Briones, R., Berruz, J., Castillo, T., González-Narváez, M., Ruiz-Barzola, O., Tiscama-Checa, N., Paredes-Sánchez, A., & Morales, F. (2023). Assessment of spatio-temporal variation in microbial quality of groundwater for irrigation and drinking water: A case study in Santa Lucia canton, Ecuador. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 23, 101033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101033
  • Mousapour, S., Hashemitabar, M., Safdari, M., & Sardar Shahraki, A. (2024). Greenhouse gases and water and soil pollutants emitted from animal husbandry in Urzouyeih county of Kerman province. Iran Agricultural Research, 42(2), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.22099/iar.2024.48193.1556
  • Nielsen, K. L., Godfrey, P. A., Stegger, M., Andersen, P. S., Feldgarden, M., & Frimodt-Møller, N. (2014). Selection of unique Escherichia coli clones by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD): Evaluation by whole genome sequencing. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 103, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.mimet.2014.05.018
  • Olaimat, A. N., & Holley, R. A. (2012). Factors influencing the microbial safety of fresh produce: a review. Food microbiology, 32(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2012.04.016
  • Onur, M., & Önlü, H. (2024). Isolation, characterization of Weissella confusa and Lactococcus lactis from different milk sources and determination of probiotic features. Brazilian journal of microbiology, 55(1), 663-679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01208-7
  • Pachepsky, Y., & Shelton, D. (2011). Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms in freshwater and estuarine sediments. Critical reviews in environmental science and technology, 41(12), 1067-1110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380903392718
  • Phan, D., Bhattacharjee, A. S., Hanan, D., Park, S., Herrera, D., Ashworth, D., Schmidt, M., Men, Y., Ferreira, J. F. S., & Ibekwe, A. M. (2024). Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in agricultural ecosystems following irrigation with treated municipal wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 934, 173288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173288
  • Polat, H., Topalcengiz, Z., & Danyluk, M. D. (2020). Prediction of Salmonella presence and absence in agricultural surface waters by artificial intelligence approaches. Journal of Food Safety, 40(1), e12733. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12733
  • Rahn, K., De Grandis, S., Clarke, R., McEwen, S., Galan, J., Ginocchio, C., Curtiss Iii, R., & Gyles, C. (1992). Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific method of detection of Salmonella. Molecular and cellular probes, 6(4), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-8508(92)90002-F
  • Rakonjac, N., Roex, E., & Beeltje, H. (2024). Surface water monitoring of chemicals associated with animal husbandry in an agricultural region in the Netherlands using passive sampling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 196(7), 670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12818-5
  • Shahid, A., Ali, M., Muzammil, S., Aslam, B., Shahid, M., Saqalein, M., Akash, M., Almatroudi, A., Allemailem, K., & Khurshid, M. (2021). Antibiotic residues in food chains; impact on the environment and human health: a review. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 19(5), 3959-3977. https://doi.org/10.15666/ aeer/1905_39593977
  • Steele, M., & Odumeru, J. (2004). Irrigation water as source of foodborne pathogens on fruit and vegetables. Journal of food protection, 67(12), 2839-2849. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-67.12.2839
  • Takcı, H. A. M., Toplar, S., & Özdenefe, M. S. (2021). Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the Seve Dam, and Konak Pond, Kilis, Turkey. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(2), 290-297. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.801564
  • Team, C. (2007). Investigation of an Escherichia coli O157: H7 Outbreak Associated with Dole Pre-Packaged Spinach. In: California Department of Public Health Food and Drug Branch, Sacramento, CA.
  • Topalcengiz, Z., Chandran, S., & Gibson, K. E. (2024). A comprehensive examination of microbial hazards and risks during indoor soilless leafy green production. International journal of food microbiology, 411, 110546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110546
  • Topalcengiz, Z., McEgan, R., & Danyluk, M. D. (2019). Fate of Salmonella in Central Florida surface waters and evaluation of EPA worst case water as a standard medium. Journal of food protection, 82(6), 916-925. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-331
  • Topalcengiz, Z., Strawn, L. K., & Danyluk, M. D. (2017). Microbial quality of agricultural water in Central Florida. PloS one, 12(4), e0174889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174889
  • Truitt, L. N., Vazquez, K. M., Pfuntner, R. C., Rideout, S. L., Havelaar, A. H., & Strawn, L. K. (2018). Microbial quality of agricultural water used in produce preharvest production on the eastern shore of Virginia. Journal of food protection, 81(10), 1661-1672. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-185
  • USFDA, U. S. F. a. D. A. (2022). Food and Drug Administration, Federal Register notice: Standards for the growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of produce for human consumption; final rule.
  • Uyttendaele, M., Jaykus, L. A., Amoah, P., Chiodini, A., Cunliffe, D., Jacxsens, L., Holvoet, K., Korsten, L., Lau, M., & McClure, P. (2015). Microbial hazards in irrigation water: standards, norms, and testing to manage use of water in fresh produce primary production. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 14(4), 336-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12133
  • Wang, J., Chu, L., Wojnárovits, L., & Takács, E. (2020). Occurrence and fate of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in municipal wastewater treatment plant: An overview. Science of the Total Environment, 744, 140997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140997
  • Wang, X., Topalcengiz, Z., & Danyluk, M. D. (2024). Assessing the efficacy of sanitizer sprays during brush or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) roller treatment to reduce Salmonella populations on whole mangoes. Food Research International, 191, 114590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114590
  • WHO. (1996). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/ resourcesquality/wqmchap10.pdf
  • WHO. (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/44584/ 9789241548151_eng.pdf
  • Widmer, J. A., Stocker, M., Smith, J. E., Coffin, A., Pisani, O., Strickland, T., Sharma, M., Pachepsky, Y., & Dunn, L. L. (2025). Spatiotemporal trends of Escherichia coli levels and their influences vary among ponds in the coastal plain of Georgia. Journal of Environmental Quality, 54(3), 647-661. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70018
  • Won, G., Kline, T. R., & LeJeune, J. T. (2013). Spatial-temporal variations of microbial water quality in surface reservoirs and canals used for irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 116(1), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.007
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mikrobiyal Ekoloji, Mikrobiyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Tuba Karakoyun 0000-0003-3984-9063

Didem Taşdelen 0000-0002-7875-6428

Sedat Bozarı 0000-0001-5265-2236

Murad Aydın Şanda 0000-0001-8843-4361

Harun Önlü 0000-0003-3660-9267

Zeynal Topalcengiz 0000-0002-2113-7319

Proje Numarası BAP-21-TBMYO-4901-05 ve BAP-20-FEF-4902-05
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 14 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakoyun, T., Taşdelen, D., Bozarı, S., … Şanda, M. A. (2025). Assessment of microbiological quality of agricultural surface water sources in Muş plain. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(6), 1492-1505. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1662712
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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