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Comparison of Biological and Antioxidant Activities of Above and Below-Ground Extracts of Endemic Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 1054 - 1063, 31.08.2020

Galip Sağlam Nezahat Kandemir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.672571
Cited By: 2

Abstract

In this study, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and effects on DNA damage of above and below-ground extracts of Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum were determined. This subspecies distributes only in the vicinity of Olur (Erzurum) in Turkey and is known as Erzurum Bambulu by the people. Heliotropium L. species include secondary metabolities such as; pyrrolizidine alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, tannis, and steroids. The above and below-ground extracts of the subspecies were prepared using different organic solvents. For the antioxidant studies, DPPH and total phenolic content calculation methods were applied. The antimicrobial activity tests of the extracts were performed using four different standard strains, a yeast and MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) method. The effects on DNA damage of plant extracts were explained using pBR322 plasmid DNA. The below-ground ethanol extract of the subspecies was seen to have stronger antimicrobial activity. According to antioxidant data, the highest activity was found in above-ground ethanol+aqueous, chloroform and below-ground ethanol extracts. Also, the below-ground aqueous and chloroform extracts hada greater effect on the open ring form of pBR322 plasmid DNA. It was determined that the below ground extracts of the subspecies were more effective than the above ground extracts. It was suggested that the extracts obtained from this subspecies may be used in medicine industry and folk medicine.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Antioxidant Endemic Heliotropium samolifolium Plasmid DNA

Supporting Institution

Amasya University

Project Number

FMB-BAP 17-0286

Thanks

This study was produced within the scope of the project of FMB-BAP 17-0286 supported by Amasya University. This study is derived from master thesis Galip SAĞLAM's.

References

  • Ahmad B, Ali N, Bashir S, Choudhary M, Azam S, Kan I 2009. Parasiticidal, Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Onosma griffithii Vatke. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(19):5084-5087.
  • Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Bibi I, AbdEl-Salam, N M, Hussain H, Ishaq MS, Adnan M, Tariq A, Ullah R 2015. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Extract and Fractions of Aerial Parts of Heliotropium bacciferum. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines,12 (2):32-35.
  • Akhani H 2007. Diversity, biogeography and photosynthetic pathways of Argusia and Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in South-West Asia with an analysis of phytogeographical units. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,155: 401-425.
  • Al-Snafi AE 2018. Pharmacological and Toxicolgical Effects of Heliotropium undulatum[H. bacciferum] and Heliotropium europaeum-A Review. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 05 (04):2150-2158.
  • Andrews JM 2001. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48 (1):5-16.
  • Ayar E, Kandemir N 2020. Biological and Antioxidant Activities Centranthus longiflorus subsp. longiflorus Growing in Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolities (in print).
  • Babu J, Pramod WR, George T, Nitisha S 2007. Standard Review Cold-Active Microbial Lipases: A Versatile Tool for Industrial Applications. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review, 2 (2):39-48.
  • Başer KC 2000. Uçucu Yağların Parlak geleceği. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bülteni,15:20-33.
  • Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C 1995. Use of A Free Radical Method toEvaluate Antioxidant Activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1):25-30.
  • Cowan MM 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agent. Clinal Microbiology Reviews, 12(4): 564.
  • Dash G, Abdullah M 2013. A Review on Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae).International Journal Pharm Science Research, 253-258.
  • Diane N, Further H, Hilger HH 2002. A Systematic analysis of Heliotropium, Tournefortia and Allied Taxa of the Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) Based on ITS1 Sequences and Morphological Data. American Journal of Botany,89(2):287-295.
  • Dönmez AA 2008. Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum (Boraginaceae), A New Subspecies from Turkey. Annual Botanical Fennici, 45: 396-399.
  • Gaffari MA, Bano S, Hayat K 2013. Antimicrobial and Phytotoxic Effects of the Plant Heliotropium dasycarpum L. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4 (4):339-345.
  • Goyal N, Sharma SKr 2014. Bioactive Phytoconstituents and Plant Extracts from genus Heliotropium. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 16:217-225.
  • Gül M, Çalı IÖ, Cansaran A, Idil Ö, Kulu I, Çelikoglu U 2017. Evaluation of Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and DNA Cleavage Effect of Endemic Linaria corifolia Desf. (Plantaginaceae). Cogent Chemistry, 3 (1):1-14.
  • Güner A 2012. Heliotropium L.(Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul: Ed. Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT) 227-228.
  • Hussain S, Jamil M, Ullah F, Khan U, Ullah F, Arfan M, Ahmad S, Khatoon L 2010. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Plant Heliotropium strigosum. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(45):7738-7743.
  • Hundur ÖD, Idil Ö, Kandemir N, Gül M, Konar V 2018. Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and DNA Interaction of Leucojum aestivum. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27:6704-6710.
  • Jain SC, Sharma R 1987. Antimicrobial activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium ellipticum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 35: 3487-3489.
  • Jain SC, Singh B, Jain R 2001. Antimicrobiyal activity of triterpenoids from Heliotropium ellipticum. Fitoterapia, 72:666-668.
  • Kandemir N, Çelik A, Shah SN, Razzaq A 2020. Comparative Micro-anatomical Investigation of Genus Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) Found in Turkey. Flora, 262:151495.
  • Karou D, Nadembega WMC, Ouattara L, Ilboudo DP, Canini A, Nikiema JB, Simpore J, Colizzi V, Traore AS 2007. African Ethnopharmacology and New Drug Discovery. Medicinal and Aromatic plant science and Biotechonology,1:61-69.
  • Luebert F, Brokamp G, Wen J, Weigend M, Hilger HH 2011. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Neotropical Heliotropium (Heliotropiaceae). Taxon, 60:663-680.
  • Modak B, Contreas M, Gonzalez-Nilo F, Torres R 2005. Structure Antioxidant Activity Relationships of Flavonoids Isolated from The Resinous Exudate of Heliotropium sinuatum. Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 15(2):309-312.
  • Modak B, Rojas M, Torres R, Rodilla J, Luebert F 2007. Antioxidant Activity of A New Aromatic Geranyl Derivative of The Resinous Exudates from Heliotropium glutinosum Phil. Molecules, 12 (5): 1057-1063.
  • Modak B, Rojas M, Torres R 2009. Chemical Analysis of The Resinous Exudates Isolated from Heliotropium taltalense and Evaluation of The Antioxidant Activity of The Phenolics Components and The Resin in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems. Molecules, 14(6):1980-1989.
  • Mourin NA, Sharmin T, Chowdhury SR, Islam F, Rahman MS, Rashid MA 2013. Evaluation of Bioactivities of Heliotropium indicum, A Medicinal Plant of Bangladesh. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2 (5):217-221.
  • Pragada RR, Ethadi RS, Yasodhara B, Praneeth Dasari VS, Mallikarjuna RT 2012. In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Different Fractions of Heliotropium indicum L. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(2):1051-1053.
  • Radha R, Lata T, Rajendran NN 2003. Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts of Heliotropium marifolium Retz. Journal of Natural Remedies, 3:208-211.
  • Rao PR, Nammi S, Routhu KV, Vijaya Raju AD 2006. Antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of Heliotropium indicum in vitro. Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology, 16:121-122.
  • Reddy JS, Rao PR, Reddy MS 2002. Wound Healing Effect of Heliotropium indicum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indicain Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,79:249-251.
  • Riedl H 1978. Heliotropium L. (Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburg Univ. Press, Edinburg: Ed. Davis PH, Edmondson JR, Mill RR, Parris BS)248-255.
  • Roy A 2015. Pharmacological Activities of Indian Heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum L.): A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,4(3):101-104.
  • Santhosha D, Ramesh A, Hemalatha E, Nagulu M 2015. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Heliotropium indicum. International Research Journal of Pharmacy,6 (8):567-572.
  • Scott OF, Osho A 2012. Comparison of antimicrobiyal effects of Mezoneuron benthamianum, Heliotropium indicum and Flabellaria paniculata on Candida species. Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(1):18-23.
  • Sharma R, Singh B, Singh D, Chandrawat P 2009. Ethnomedicinal,Pharmacological Properties and Chemistry of Some Medicinal Plants of Boraginaceae in India Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(13):1153-1175.
  • Shoge MO, Ndukwe GI, Amupitan J 2011. Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies on The Aerial Parts of Heliotropium indicum. Linn. Annals of Biological Research,2 (2):129-136.
  • Silva NCC, Fernandes JA 2010. Biological properties of medicinak plants: A review of their antimicrobial activity. The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 16(3): 402-413.
  • Singh B, Dubey MM 2001. Estimation of Triterpenoids from Heliotropium marifolium Koen.ex Retz. In Vivo and In Vitro. I. Antimicrobial Screening. Phytotheraphy Research, 15:231-134.
  • Singh B, Sahu PM, Singh S 2002. Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrrolizidine Alkoloids from Heliotropium subulatum. Fitoterapia,73:153-155.
  • Singh B, Sahu MP, Sharma RA 2017. Flavonoids from Heliotropium subulatum Exudate and Their Evaluation for Antioxidant, Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic Activities II. Cytotechnology, 69 (1):103-115.
  • Singh B, Sharma RA 2019. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Their Biological Properties from Indian Heliotropium Species. Current Bioactive Compounds, 15 (1):3-18.
  • Singleton VL, Rossi JA 1965. Colimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.
  • Taguri T, Tanaka T, Kouno I 2004. Antimicrobial activity of 10 different plant polyphenol against Bacteria causing food-borne disease. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bullettin, 27 (12): 1965-1969.
  • Toroğlu, SV Çenet M 2006. Tedavi Amaçla Kullanılan Bazı Bitkilerin Kullanım Alanları ve Mikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi için Kullanılan Metotlar. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,9 (2):18-26.
  • Urzua A, Echeverria J, Rozende MC, Wilkens M 2008. Antibacterial Properties of 3 H-Spiro(1-benzofuran-2,1-cyclohexane) Derivates from Heliotropium filifolium. Molecules, 13: 2385-2393.
  • Yasmin B 2014. Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Heliotropium indicum. The Experiment,23(1):1564-1569.

Endemik Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum’un Topraküstü ve Toprakaltı Ekstraklarının Biyolojik ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 1054 - 1063, 31.08.2020

Galip Sağlam Nezahat Kandemir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.672571
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum’un topraküstü ve toprakaltı ekstraklarının antioksidan, antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri ve DNA hasarı üzerine etkileri belirlendi ve karşılaştırıldı. Bu alttür Türkiye de sadece Olur (Erzurum) çevresinde yayılış göstermektedir ve halk tarafından Erzurum Bambulu olarak bilinmektedir. Heliotropium L. türleri pirolizidin alkoloitleri, terpenoitler, saponinler, fenoller, flavonoitler taninler ve steroitler gibi sekonder metabolitleri içermektedir. Alttürün topraküstü ve toprakaltı ekstrakları farklı organik çözücüler kullanılarak hazırlandı. Antioksidan çalışmalar için DPPH ve toplam fenolik içerik hesaplama metotları uygulandı. Ekstrakların antimikrobiyal aktivite testleri dört farklı standart suş, bir maya mantarı ve MIK metodu kullanılarak yapıldı. Bitki ekstraklarının DNA hasarı üzerindeki etkileri pBR322 plazmit DNA’sı kullanılarak açıklandı. Bu alttürün toprakaltı etanol ekstraklarının daha güçlü antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu görüldü. Antioksidan sonuçlara göre, en yüksek aktivite topraküstü kloroform, etanol+su ve toprakaltı etanol ekstraklarında bulundu. Ayrıca toprakaltı su ve kloroform ekstrakları pBR322 plazmit DNA’nın açık halkasal formu üzerinde daha büyük bir etkiye sahiptir. Alttürün toprakaltı ekstraklarının topraküstü ekstraklarından daha etkili olduğu belirlendi. Bu alttürden elde edilen ekstrakların ilaç endüstrisinde ve halk hekimliğinde kullanılabileceği önerildi.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Antioxidant Endemic Heliotropium samolifolium Plazmit DNA

Project Number

FMB-BAP 17-0286

References

  • Ahmad B, Ali N, Bashir S, Choudhary M, Azam S, Kan I 2009. Parasiticidal, Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Onosma griffithii Vatke. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(19):5084-5087.
  • Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Bibi I, AbdEl-Salam, N M, Hussain H, Ishaq MS, Adnan M, Tariq A, Ullah R 2015. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Extract and Fractions of Aerial Parts of Heliotropium bacciferum. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines,12 (2):32-35.
  • Akhani H 2007. Diversity, biogeography and photosynthetic pathways of Argusia and Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in South-West Asia with an analysis of phytogeographical units. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,155: 401-425.
  • Al-Snafi AE 2018. Pharmacological and Toxicolgical Effects of Heliotropium undulatum[H. bacciferum] and Heliotropium europaeum-A Review. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 05 (04):2150-2158.
  • Andrews JM 2001. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48 (1):5-16.
  • Ayar E, Kandemir N 2020. Biological and Antioxidant Activities Centranthus longiflorus subsp. longiflorus Growing in Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolities (in print).
  • Babu J, Pramod WR, George T, Nitisha S 2007. Standard Review Cold-Active Microbial Lipases: A Versatile Tool for Industrial Applications. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review, 2 (2):39-48.
  • Başer KC 2000. Uçucu Yağların Parlak geleceği. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bülteni,15:20-33.
  • Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C 1995. Use of A Free Radical Method toEvaluate Antioxidant Activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1):25-30.
  • Cowan MM 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agent. Clinal Microbiology Reviews, 12(4): 564.
  • Dash G, Abdullah M 2013. A Review on Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae).International Journal Pharm Science Research, 253-258.
  • Diane N, Further H, Hilger HH 2002. A Systematic analysis of Heliotropium, Tournefortia and Allied Taxa of the Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) Based on ITS1 Sequences and Morphological Data. American Journal of Botany,89(2):287-295.
  • Dönmez AA 2008. Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum (Boraginaceae), A New Subspecies from Turkey. Annual Botanical Fennici, 45: 396-399.
  • Gaffari MA, Bano S, Hayat K 2013. Antimicrobial and Phytotoxic Effects of the Plant Heliotropium dasycarpum L. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4 (4):339-345.
  • Goyal N, Sharma SKr 2014. Bioactive Phytoconstituents and Plant Extracts from genus Heliotropium. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 16:217-225.
  • Gül M, Çalı IÖ, Cansaran A, Idil Ö, Kulu I, Çelikoglu U 2017. Evaluation of Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and DNA Cleavage Effect of Endemic Linaria corifolia Desf. (Plantaginaceae). Cogent Chemistry, 3 (1):1-14.
  • Güner A 2012. Heliotropium L.(Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul: Ed. Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT) 227-228.
  • Hussain S, Jamil M, Ullah F, Khan U, Ullah F, Arfan M, Ahmad S, Khatoon L 2010. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Plant Heliotropium strigosum. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(45):7738-7743.
  • Hundur ÖD, Idil Ö, Kandemir N, Gül M, Konar V 2018. Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and DNA Interaction of Leucojum aestivum. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27:6704-6710.
  • Jain SC, Sharma R 1987. Antimicrobial activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium ellipticum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 35: 3487-3489.
  • Jain SC, Singh B, Jain R 2001. Antimicrobiyal activity of triterpenoids from Heliotropium ellipticum. Fitoterapia, 72:666-668.
  • Kandemir N, Çelik A, Shah SN, Razzaq A 2020. Comparative Micro-anatomical Investigation of Genus Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) Found in Turkey. Flora, 262:151495.
  • Karou D, Nadembega WMC, Ouattara L, Ilboudo DP, Canini A, Nikiema JB, Simpore J, Colizzi V, Traore AS 2007. African Ethnopharmacology and New Drug Discovery. Medicinal and Aromatic plant science and Biotechonology,1:61-69.
  • Luebert F, Brokamp G, Wen J, Weigend M, Hilger HH 2011. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Neotropical Heliotropium (Heliotropiaceae). Taxon, 60:663-680.
  • Modak B, Contreas M, Gonzalez-Nilo F, Torres R 2005. Structure Antioxidant Activity Relationships of Flavonoids Isolated from The Resinous Exudate of Heliotropium sinuatum. Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 15(2):309-312.
  • Modak B, Rojas M, Torres R, Rodilla J, Luebert F 2007. Antioxidant Activity of A New Aromatic Geranyl Derivative of The Resinous Exudates from Heliotropium glutinosum Phil. Molecules, 12 (5): 1057-1063.
  • Modak B, Rojas M, Torres R 2009. Chemical Analysis of The Resinous Exudates Isolated from Heliotropium taltalense and Evaluation of The Antioxidant Activity of The Phenolics Components and The Resin in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems. Molecules, 14(6):1980-1989.
  • Mourin NA, Sharmin T, Chowdhury SR, Islam F, Rahman MS, Rashid MA 2013. Evaluation of Bioactivities of Heliotropium indicum, A Medicinal Plant of Bangladesh. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2 (5):217-221.
  • Pragada RR, Ethadi RS, Yasodhara B, Praneeth Dasari VS, Mallikarjuna RT 2012. In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Different Fractions of Heliotropium indicum L. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(2):1051-1053.
  • Radha R, Lata T, Rajendran NN 2003. Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts of Heliotropium marifolium Retz. Journal of Natural Remedies, 3:208-211.
  • Rao PR, Nammi S, Routhu KV, Vijaya Raju AD 2006. Antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of Heliotropium indicum in vitro. Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology, 16:121-122.
  • Reddy JS, Rao PR, Reddy MS 2002. Wound Healing Effect of Heliotropium indicum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indicain Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,79:249-251.
  • Riedl H 1978. Heliotropium L. (Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburg Univ. Press, Edinburg: Ed. Davis PH, Edmondson JR, Mill RR, Parris BS)248-255.
  • Roy A 2015. Pharmacological Activities of Indian Heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum L.): A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,4(3):101-104.
  • Santhosha D, Ramesh A, Hemalatha E, Nagulu M 2015. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Heliotropium indicum. International Research Journal of Pharmacy,6 (8):567-572.
  • Scott OF, Osho A 2012. Comparison of antimicrobiyal effects of Mezoneuron benthamianum, Heliotropium indicum and Flabellaria paniculata on Candida species. Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(1):18-23.
  • Sharma R, Singh B, Singh D, Chandrawat P 2009. Ethnomedicinal,Pharmacological Properties and Chemistry of Some Medicinal Plants of Boraginaceae in India Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(13):1153-1175.
  • Shoge MO, Ndukwe GI, Amupitan J 2011. Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies on The Aerial Parts of Heliotropium indicum. Linn. Annals of Biological Research,2 (2):129-136.
  • Silva NCC, Fernandes JA 2010. Biological properties of medicinak plants: A review of their antimicrobial activity. The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 16(3): 402-413.
  • Singh B, Dubey MM 2001. Estimation of Triterpenoids from Heliotropium marifolium Koen.ex Retz. In Vivo and In Vitro. I. Antimicrobial Screening. Phytotheraphy Research, 15:231-134.
  • Singh B, Sahu PM, Singh S 2002. Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrrolizidine Alkoloids from Heliotropium subulatum. Fitoterapia,73:153-155.
  • Singh B, Sahu MP, Sharma RA 2017. Flavonoids from Heliotropium subulatum Exudate and Their Evaluation for Antioxidant, Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic Activities II. Cytotechnology, 69 (1):103-115.
  • Singh B, Sharma RA 2019. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Their Biological Properties from Indian Heliotropium Species. Current Bioactive Compounds, 15 (1):3-18.
  • Singleton VL, Rossi JA 1965. Colimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.
  • Taguri T, Tanaka T, Kouno I 2004. Antimicrobial activity of 10 different plant polyphenol against Bacteria causing food-borne disease. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bullettin, 27 (12): 1965-1969.
  • Toroğlu, SV Çenet M 2006. Tedavi Amaçla Kullanılan Bazı Bitkilerin Kullanım Alanları ve Mikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi için Kullanılan Metotlar. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,9 (2):18-26.
  • Urzua A, Echeverria J, Rozende MC, Wilkens M 2008. Antibacterial Properties of 3 H-Spiro(1-benzofuran-2,1-cyclohexane) Derivates from Heliotropium filifolium. Molecules, 13: 2385-2393.
  • Yasmin B 2014. Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Heliotropium indicum. The Experiment,23(1):1564-1569.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Galip Sağlam 0000-0002-0844-3127

Nezahat Kandemir 0000-0002-5428-4139

Project Number FMB-BAP 17-0286
Publication Date August 31, 2020
Submission Date January 9, 2020
Acceptance Date March 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 23 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Sağlam, G., & Kandemir, N. (2020). Comparison of Biological and Antioxidant Activities of Above and Below-Ground Extracts of Endemic Heliotropium samolifolium subsp. erzurumicum. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(4), 1054-1063. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.672571

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