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Zonguldak İlinde Plum pox virus’un Tespiti, Karakterizasyonu ve Takibi

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 6, 1369 - 1377, 30.12.2022

Ali Ferhan Morca , Sevgi Coşkan , Birol Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1015786

Abstract

Plum pox virus (PPV) Türkiye’de ilk olarak 1968 yılında Edirne ilinde tespitinden sonra birçok meyve bahçesinde saptanmıştır. Ülkesel keşif ve takip sürveyleri kapsamında PPV’nin varlığının araştırılması için Zonguldak ilinde 2019-2021 yılları arasında toplam 2539 örnek toplanmıştır. Toplanan örnekler içinde aynı ev bahçesine ait 6 adet erik ağacının yapılan DAS-ELISA ve RT-PCR sonucunda PPV ile enfekteli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Enfekteli olduğu belirlenen 6 adet izolatın P3, 6K1, CI ve CP gen bölgelerini içeren toplam 1533 nükleotitlik diziler GenBank’a kaydedilmiştir. Zonguldak PPV-izolatlarına ait diziler ile yapılan BlastN analizi sonucunda yüksek benzerlik oranı ile PPV-M ırkına ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Enfekteli izolatlar için Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) ve Bayesian Inference (BI) yöntemleri ile gerçekleştirilen filogenetik ağaçta da PPV-M ırkı ile kümelendiği gözlemlenmiştir. Enfekteli ağaçların imhasından sonra da aynı lokasyon ve bütün ilde yapılan sistematik sürveyler ve laboratuvar analizlerine iki yıl süre ile devam edilmiştir. Yapılan yoğun takip sürveyleri çerçevesinde ve laboratuvar analizleri sonucunda, Zonguldak ilindeki bahçelerin PPV’den arındırılması sağlanmış ve 1 km çapındaki alanda tampon bölge oluşturulmuştur. Tampon bölge içerisinde 3 yıl süreyle Prunus türlerinin yetiştiriciliği yasaklanmış, takip ve gözlem çalışmaları sonucunda bölgenin virüsten ari olması sağlanmıştır.

Keywords

Virüsten ari alan Şarka Erik Filogenetik PPV-M

Supporting Institution

Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Ankara Zirai Mücadele Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü

Thanks

Sürvey çalışmalarında emeği geçen Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Zonguldak İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğünde görevli personelleri ile Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Zirai Mücadele Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğüne desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Akbaş B, Değirmenci K, Ciftci O, Kaya A, Yurtmen M, Uzunoğullari N, Çelik N, Türkölmez Ş 2011. Update on Plum pox virus distribution in Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 50(1): 75-83.
  • Anonim 2017. Şarka virüsü, plum pox potyvirus-PPV sürvey talimatı. (Erişim tarihi: 11/10/2021).
  • Atanasoff D 1933. Plum pox. A new virus disease. Annu. Univ. Sofia Fac. Agron. Sylvic. 11: 49–70.
  • Birişik N, Morca AF, Erilmez S, Çiftçi O, Yurtmen M, Uzunoğulları N, Deligöz İ, Şahin M, Öntepeli ML 2021. Türkiye'de Plum pox virus’ un altı yıllık ülkesel sürvey ve eradikasyon programının değerlendirilmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 61(2): 19-32.
  • Cambra M, Boscia D, Myrta A, Palkovics L, Navrátil M, Barba M, Gorris MT Capote N 2006. Detection and characterization of Plum pox virus: serological methods. Bull. OEPP 36(2): 254–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00983.x.
  • Candresse T, Svanella-Dumas L, Gentit P, Caglayan K, Çevik B 2007. First report of the presence of Plum pox virus Rec strain in Turkey. Plant Disease 91(3): 331-331.
  • Çağlayan K, Yurdakul S 2016. Sharka disease (Plum pox virus) in Turkey: the past, present and future. In III International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus 1163 (pp. 69-74).
  • Çelik A, Ertunç F 2019. First report of prunus necrotic ringspot virus infecting apple in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 101(4), 1227-1227.
  • Çelik A, Ertunç F 2020. Bursa ve Bilecik İlleri Şeftali Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Alanlarda Prune dwarf virus (PDV) Yaygınlığı ve Genetik Çeşitliliği. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 66-74.
  • Çelik A, Ertunc F 2021. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) of plum pox potyvirus Turkey (PPV-T) strain. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 128(3), 663-671.
  • Çelik N, Kütük T 2013. Antalya ilinde şarka virüs hastalığının belirlenmesi. Derim 30(2): 1-10.
  • Çıtır A, Akbilek Y, Ilbağı, H 2021. First report of Plum pox virus on Tilia spp. in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 44(1).
  • Damsteegt VD, Scorza R, Stone AL 2007. Prunus host range of plum pox virus (PPV) in the United States by aphid and graft inoculation. Plant Disease 91: 18–23.
  • Deligöz İ, Değirmenci K, Sökmen M 2015. Samsun ilinde sert çekirdekli meyve türlerinde Şarka hastalığı etmeninin (Plum pox virus) belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 30(3): 227-235.
  • Elibüyük İÖ 2004. Current situation of sharka disease in Ankara, Turkey. Phytoparasitica 32(4): 417-420.
  • Foissac X, Svanella-Dumas L, Dulucq MJ, Candresse T, Gentit P 2001. Polyvalent detection of fruit tree tricho, capillo and foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosinecontaining primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticute 550: 37-43.
  • Gadiou S, Šafářová D, Navrátil M 2008. Genetic variability of Plum pox virus isolates in the Czech Republic. European journal of plant pathology 121(4): 513-517.
  • Garcia JA, Glasa M, Cambra M, Candresse T 2014. Plum pox virus and sharka: A model potyvirus and a majör disease. Molecular Plant Pathology 15(3): 226–241.
  • Glasa M, Marie-Jeanne V, Moury B, Kúdela O, Quiot JB 2002. Molecular variability 17 of the P3-6K1 genomic region among geographically and biologically distinct 18 isolates of Plum pox virus. Archives of Virology 147:563–575.
  • Guindon S, Gascuel O, 2003. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Systematic Biology 52: 696–704.
  • Gürcan K, Ceylan A 2016. Strain identification and sequence variability of plum pox virus in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 40(5):746-760.
  • Gürcan K 2017. Bursa’da plum pox virus (Şarka)'ün yaygınlığının ve genetik çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi 32(1): 1-15.
  • Gürcan K, Ceylan A, Akbulut M, Comart S, Akbaş B, Ghaderi M 2013. Plum pox virus D in Turkey. In 2nd International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus pp. 3-6.
  • Gürcan K, Teber S, Çağlayan K 2019. Further investigation of a genetically divergent group of Plum pox virus-M strain in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 101(2): 385-391.
  • Gürcan K, Teber S, Candresse T 2020. Genetic analysis suggests a long and largely isolated evolutionary history of plum pox virus strain D in Turkey. Plant Pathology 69(2): 370-378.
  • Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinfor 17(8):754–755. İlbağı H, Çıtır A 2014. Detection and partial molecular characterization of Plum pox virus on almond trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 42(4): 485-491.
  • İnce E, Gök Güler P, Yegül M, Yurtmen M, Keleş Öztürk P, Yavuz Ş, Fidan, H 2016. Domestic quarantine studies of sharka disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. In III International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus 1163 (pp. 53-56).
  • James D, Thompson D 2006. Hosts and symptoms of Plum pox virus: ornamental and wild Prunus species. Bull. OEPP 36(2): 222–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00976.x.
  • Levy L, Damsteegt V, Welliver R 2000. First report of Plum pox virus (sharka disease) in Prunus persica in the United States. Plant Disease 84(2):202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.2.202B.
  • Koç G, Baloglu S 2006. Disease note first report of sharka in the Çukurova region of Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 88(3): 65-70.
  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 forbigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870-1874.
  • Morca AF, Coşkan S, Öncü F 2020. Determination and partial molecular characterization of Plum pox virus in Bolu province. Bitki Koruma Bülteni / Plant Protection Bulletin 60 (4) : 59-68.
  • Morca AF, Coşkan S, Çelik A 2021. Burdur İlinde Plum pox virus’un Tespiti ve Kısmi Kılıf Protein Geninin Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 24 (4): 805-814.
  • Myrta A and Boscia D 2001. Plum pox virus: a risk for the Mediterranean fruit tree industry. CIHEAM; p. 37 -42.
  • Palmisano F, Boscia D, Minafra A, Myrta A, Candresse T 2012. An atypical Albanian isolate of Plum pox virus could be the progenitor of the Marcus strain. In 22. International Conference on virus and other graft transmissible diseases of fruit crops (p-33).
  • Rimbaud L, Dallot S, Gottwald T, Decroocq V, Jacquot E, Soubeyrand S, Thébaud G 2015. Sharka epidemiology and worldwide management strategies: learning lessons to optimize disease control in perennial plants. Annual review of phytopathology 53: 357-378.
  • Salvador B, García JA, Simόn-Mateo, C 2006. Causal agent of sharka disease: Plum pox virus genome and function of gene products. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 36: 229-238.
  • Serçe ÇU, Candresse T, Svanella-Dumas L, Krizbai L, Gazel M, Çağlayan K 2009. Further characterization of a new recombinant group of Plum pox virus isolates, PPV-T, found in orchards in the Ankara province of Turkey. Virus Research 142(1-2): 121-126.
  • Sertkaya G, Ulubaş Ç, Çağlayan K 2003. Detection and Characterization of Plum Pox Potyvirus (PPV) by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR/RFLP Analysis in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 27: 213-220.
  • Scholthof KBG, Adkins S, Czosnek H, Palukaitis P, Jacquot E, Hohn T, Hohn B, Saunders K, Candresse T, Ahlquist P, Hemenway C, Foster GD 2011. Top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology. Molecular plant pathology 12(9): 938-954.
  • Sochor J, Babula P, Adam V, Krska B, Kizek R 2012. Sharka: the past, the present and the future. Viruses 4(11): 2853–2901.
  • Swofford DL 2002. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
  • Teber S, Ceylan A, Gürcan K, Candresse T, Ulubaş Serçe Ç, Akbulut M, Kaymak S, Akbaş B 2019. Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the T strain of Plum pox virus. Plant Pathology 68(4): 755-763.
  • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ 1994. Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673-80.
  • Wang A, Sanfacon H, Stobbs LW, James D, Thompson D, Svircev AM and Brown DCW 2006. Plum pox virus in Canada: progress in research and future prospects for disease control. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 28: 1825196.

Detection, Characterization, and Monitoring of Plum pox virus in Zonguldak Province

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 6, 1369 - 1377, 30.12.2022

Ali Ferhan Morca , Sevgi Coşkan , Birol Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1015786

Abstract

Plum pox virus (PPV) was first found in Turkey in 1968 in Edirne province, and then detected in different regions of the country. A total of 2539 samples were collected in Zonguldak province between 2019-2021 to investigate the presence of PPV within the scope of national surveys. It was determined that six plum trees belonging to the same home garden were infected with PPV by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Partial sequences of 1533 bp including P3, 6K1, CI, and CP regions belonging to six PPV-isolates were deposited to GenBank. BlastN analysis showed that sequences of Zonguldak PPV-isolates had the highest sequence similarity at the nucleotide level with PPV-M isolates. It was observed that the infected isolates were clustered with the PPV-M strain in the phylogenetic tree generated by Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. After eradication of the infected trees, systematic surveys and laboratory analyses (serological and molecular) carried out in the same location and in the whole province continued for two years. Within the framework of strict and intensive monitoring surveys and as a result of laboratory analyses, stone fruit orchards and residential sites in Zonguldak province were eliminated from PPV, and a buffer zone was established in an area of 1 km. The cultivation and planting of Prunus species in the buffer zone were prohibited for 3 years, and as a result of follow up and monitoring studies, the region was ensured to be virus-free.

Keywords

Sharka Virus-free zone Plum Phylogenetic PPV-M

References

  • Akbaş B, Değirmenci K, Ciftci O, Kaya A, Yurtmen M, Uzunoğullari N, Çelik N, Türkölmez Ş 2011. Update on Plum pox virus distribution in Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 50(1): 75-83.
  • Anonim 2017. Şarka virüsü, plum pox potyvirus-PPV sürvey talimatı. (Erişim tarihi: 11/10/2021).
  • Atanasoff D 1933. Plum pox. A new virus disease. Annu. Univ. Sofia Fac. Agron. Sylvic. 11: 49–70.
  • Birişik N, Morca AF, Erilmez S, Çiftçi O, Yurtmen M, Uzunoğulları N, Deligöz İ, Şahin M, Öntepeli ML 2021. Türkiye'de Plum pox virus’ un altı yıllık ülkesel sürvey ve eradikasyon programının değerlendirilmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 61(2): 19-32.
  • Cambra M, Boscia D, Myrta A, Palkovics L, Navrátil M, Barba M, Gorris MT Capote N 2006. Detection and characterization of Plum pox virus: serological methods. Bull. OEPP 36(2): 254–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00983.x.
  • Candresse T, Svanella-Dumas L, Gentit P, Caglayan K, Çevik B 2007. First report of the presence of Plum pox virus Rec strain in Turkey. Plant Disease 91(3): 331-331.
  • Çağlayan K, Yurdakul S 2016. Sharka disease (Plum pox virus) in Turkey: the past, present and future. In III International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus 1163 (pp. 69-74).
  • Çelik A, Ertunç F 2019. First report of prunus necrotic ringspot virus infecting apple in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 101(4), 1227-1227.
  • Çelik A, Ertunç F 2020. Bursa ve Bilecik İlleri Şeftali Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Alanlarda Prune dwarf virus (PDV) Yaygınlığı ve Genetik Çeşitliliği. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 66-74.
  • Çelik A, Ertunc F 2021. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) of plum pox potyvirus Turkey (PPV-T) strain. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 128(3), 663-671.
  • Çelik N, Kütük T 2013. Antalya ilinde şarka virüs hastalığının belirlenmesi. Derim 30(2): 1-10.
  • Çıtır A, Akbilek Y, Ilbağı, H 2021. First report of Plum pox virus on Tilia spp. in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 44(1).
  • Damsteegt VD, Scorza R, Stone AL 2007. Prunus host range of plum pox virus (PPV) in the United States by aphid and graft inoculation. Plant Disease 91: 18–23.
  • Deligöz İ, Değirmenci K, Sökmen M 2015. Samsun ilinde sert çekirdekli meyve türlerinde Şarka hastalığı etmeninin (Plum pox virus) belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 30(3): 227-235.
  • Elibüyük İÖ 2004. Current situation of sharka disease in Ankara, Turkey. Phytoparasitica 32(4): 417-420.
  • Foissac X, Svanella-Dumas L, Dulucq MJ, Candresse T, Gentit P 2001. Polyvalent detection of fruit tree tricho, capillo and foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosinecontaining primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticute 550: 37-43.
  • Gadiou S, Šafářová D, Navrátil M 2008. Genetic variability of Plum pox virus isolates in the Czech Republic. European journal of plant pathology 121(4): 513-517.
  • Garcia JA, Glasa M, Cambra M, Candresse T 2014. Plum pox virus and sharka: A model potyvirus and a majör disease. Molecular Plant Pathology 15(3): 226–241.
  • Glasa M, Marie-Jeanne V, Moury B, Kúdela O, Quiot JB 2002. Molecular variability 17 of the P3-6K1 genomic region among geographically and biologically distinct 18 isolates of Plum pox virus. Archives of Virology 147:563–575.
  • Guindon S, Gascuel O, 2003. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Systematic Biology 52: 696–704.
  • Gürcan K, Ceylan A 2016. Strain identification and sequence variability of plum pox virus in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 40(5):746-760.
  • Gürcan K 2017. Bursa’da plum pox virus (Şarka)'ün yaygınlığının ve genetik çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi 32(1): 1-15.
  • Gürcan K, Ceylan A, Akbulut M, Comart S, Akbaş B, Ghaderi M 2013. Plum pox virus D in Turkey. In 2nd International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus pp. 3-6.
  • Gürcan K, Teber S, Çağlayan K 2019. Further investigation of a genetically divergent group of Plum pox virus-M strain in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 101(2): 385-391.
  • Gürcan K, Teber S, Candresse T 2020. Genetic analysis suggests a long and largely isolated evolutionary history of plum pox virus strain D in Turkey. Plant Pathology 69(2): 370-378.
  • Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinfor 17(8):754–755. İlbağı H, Çıtır A 2014. Detection and partial molecular characterization of Plum pox virus on almond trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 42(4): 485-491.
  • İnce E, Gök Güler P, Yegül M, Yurtmen M, Keleş Öztürk P, Yavuz Ş, Fidan, H 2016. Domestic quarantine studies of sharka disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. In III International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus 1163 (pp. 53-56).
  • James D, Thompson D 2006. Hosts and symptoms of Plum pox virus: ornamental and wild Prunus species. Bull. OEPP 36(2): 222–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00976.x.
  • Levy L, Damsteegt V, Welliver R 2000. First report of Plum pox virus (sharka disease) in Prunus persica in the United States. Plant Disease 84(2):202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.2.202B.
  • Koç G, Baloglu S 2006. Disease note first report of sharka in the Çukurova region of Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 88(3): 65-70.
  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 forbigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870-1874.
  • Morca AF, Coşkan S, Öncü F 2020. Determination and partial molecular characterization of Plum pox virus in Bolu province. Bitki Koruma Bülteni / Plant Protection Bulletin 60 (4) : 59-68.
  • Morca AF, Coşkan S, Çelik A 2021. Burdur İlinde Plum pox virus’un Tespiti ve Kısmi Kılıf Protein Geninin Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 24 (4): 805-814.
  • Myrta A and Boscia D 2001. Plum pox virus: a risk for the Mediterranean fruit tree industry. CIHEAM; p. 37 -42.
  • Palmisano F, Boscia D, Minafra A, Myrta A, Candresse T 2012. An atypical Albanian isolate of Plum pox virus could be the progenitor of the Marcus strain. In 22. International Conference on virus and other graft transmissible diseases of fruit crops (p-33).
  • Rimbaud L, Dallot S, Gottwald T, Decroocq V, Jacquot E, Soubeyrand S, Thébaud G 2015. Sharka epidemiology and worldwide management strategies: learning lessons to optimize disease control in perennial plants. Annual review of phytopathology 53: 357-378.
  • Salvador B, García JA, Simόn-Mateo, C 2006. Causal agent of sharka disease: Plum pox virus genome and function of gene products. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 36: 229-238.
  • Serçe ÇU, Candresse T, Svanella-Dumas L, Krizbai L, Gazel M, Çağlayan K 2009. Further characterization of a new recombinant group of Plum pox virus isolates, PPV-T, found in orchards in the Ankara province of Turkey. Virus Research 142(1-2): 121-126.
  • Sertkaya G, Ulubaş Ç, Çağlayan K 2003. Detection and Characterization of Plum Pox Potyvirus (PPV) by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR/RFLP Analysis in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 27: 213-220.
  • Scholthof KBG, Adkins S, Czosnek H, Palukaitis P, Jacquot E, Hohn T, Hohn B, Saunders K, Candresse T, Ahlquist P, Hemenway C, Foster GD 2011. Top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology. Molecular plant pathology 12(9): 938-954.
  • Sochor J, Babula P, Adam V, Krska B, Kizek R 2012. Sharka: the past, the present and the future. Viruses 4(11): 2853–2901.
  • Swofford DL 2002. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
  • Teber S, Ceylan A, Gürcan K, Candresse T, Ulubaş Serçe Ç, Akbulut M, Kaymak S, Akbaş B 2019. Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the T strain of Plum pox virus. Plant Pathology 68(4): 755-763.
  • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ 1994. Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673-80.
  • Wang A, Sanfacon H, Stobbs LW, James D, Thompson D, Svircev AM and Brown DCW 2006. Plum pox virus in Canada: progress in research and future prospects for disease control. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 28: 1825196.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ali Ferhan Morca 0000-0002-7480-922X

Sevgi Coşkan 0000-0002-3589-6041

Birol Akbaş 0000-0001-9797-7536

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date October 28, 2021
Acceptance Date December 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 25 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Morca, A. F., Coşkan, S., & Akbaş, B. (2022). Zonguldak İlinde Plum pox virus’un Tespiti, Karakterizasyonu ve Takibi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(6), 1369-1377. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1015786
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