Öz
Antibiyotiklere dirençli bakterilerle mücadelede mevcut antibiyotiklerin yetersizliği, yeni ve etkili antibakteriyel ilaçların keşfini zorunlu kılmıştır. Bakterilerin quorum sensing mekanizması ile çeşitli virülans faktörlerini sentezlediğinin keşfedilmesi, quorum sensing inhibitörlerinin enfeksiyon hastalıkları ile mücadelede kullanılabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki türünün toprak üstü ve kök kısımlarının metanol ve su özütlerinin antibakteriyel ve anti-quorum sensing aktivitelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Özütlerin referans bakteri suşlarına karşı minimal inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Anti-quorum sensing aktivite, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biyoraportör suşlarda viyolasin ve piyosiyanin pigment üretiminin ve swarming (yayılma) hareketinin inhibisyonu üzerine belirlenmiştir. Antibiyofilm aktivite testi P. aeruginosa PAO1 suşuna karşı kristal viyole yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm özütlerin test edilen bakterilere karşı çalışılan konsantrasyonlarda MİK değeri (> 2000 µg/mL) tespit edilmemiştir. Buna karşılık tüm özütlerin P. aeruginosa’nın swarming hareketini baskıladığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, bitkinin toprak üstü kısımlarının metanol özütlerinin bakteri üremesini baskılamadan piyosiyanin üretimini kontrole göre %81.7 oranında inhibe ettiği belirlenmiştir. Tüm özütlerin biyofilm oluşumu ve viyolasin pigment üretimi üzerine önemli bir inhibitör etkinliği saptanmamıştır. Sonuçlar P. molucelloides özütlerinin iyi bir anti-quorum sensing ajanı olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu biyolojik aktivitelerin altında yatan mekanizmaları aydınlatmak amacıyla ileri çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibakteriyel aktivite Antibiyofilm Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki Quorum sensing
Kaynakça
- Asgharian P, Delazar A, Vatankhah AM, Javadzadeh M, Asnaashari S 2017. In vitro Bioactivity and Phytochemical Evaluation of Extracts from Aerial Parts of Eremostachys macrophylla Montbr. & Auch. Growing in Iran. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy 4(2): 65-73.
- Asnaashari S, Delazar A, Asgharian P, Lotfipour F, Moghaddam SB, Heshmati AF 2017. In-vitro Bioactivity and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts from Rhizomes of Eremostachys azerbaijanica rech. f. Growing in Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR 16(1): 306-314.
- Babaç MT 2004. Possibility of an Information System on Plants of South-West Asia with Particular Reference to the Turkish Plants Data Service (TUBIVES). Turkish Journal of Botany 28(1-2): 119-127.
- Eberl L, Winson MK, Sternberg C, Stewart GS, Christiansen G, Chhabra SR, Bycroft B, Williams P, Molin S, Givskov M 1996. Involvement of N-Acyl-L-Hormoserine Lactone Autoinducers in Controlling the Multicellular Behaviour of Serratia liquefaciens. Molecular Microbiology 20(1): 127-136.
- Esmaeili A 2012. Biological Activities of Eremostachys laevigata Bunge. Grown in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 25(4): 803-808.
- Gonçalves T, Vasconcelos U 2021. Colour Me Blue: The History and the Biotechnological Potential of Pyocyanin. Molecules 26(4): 927.
- Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA Jr, Ikryannikova LN 2020. Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 9(4): 170.
- Jiang Q, Chen J, Yang C, Yin Y, Yao K 2019. Quorum Sensing: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Bacterial Diseases. BioMed Research International 2019:2015978.
- Khan F, Pham D, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM 2020. Regulation and Controlling the Motility Properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104(1): 33-49.
- Marketon MM, Glenn SA, Eberhard A, González JE 2003. Quorum Sensing Controls Exopolysaccharide Production in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology, 185(1): 325-331.
- Maurice NM, Bedi B, Sadikot RT 2018. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Host Response and Clinical Implications in Lung Infections. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 58(4): 428-439.
- McClean KH, Winson MK, Fish L, Taylor A, Chhabra SR, Camara M, Daykin M, Lamb JH, Swift S, Bycroft BW, Stewart G, Williams P 1997. Quorum Sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: Exploitation of Violacein Production and Inhibition for the Detection of N-Acylhomoserine Lactones. Microbiology (Reading, England) 143(Pt 12): 3703-3711.
- Modaressi M, Delazar A, Nazemiyeh H, Fathi-Azad F, Smith E, Rahman MM, Gibbons S, Nahar L, Sarker SD 2009. Antibacterial Iridoid Glucosides from Eremostachys laciniata. Phytotherapy research: PTR 23(1): 99-103.
- Mohammadhosseini M, Frezza C, Venditti A, Akbarzadeh A 2019. Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of the Genus Eremostachys Bunge. Current Organic Chemistry 23(17): 1828-1842.
- Morohoshi T, Kato M, Fukamachi K, Kato N, Ikeda T 2008. N-Acylhomoserine Lactone Regulates Violacein Production in Chromobacterium violaceum Type Strain ATCC 12472. FEMS Microbiology Letters 279(1): 124-130.
- Nain Z, Sayed SB, Karim MM, Islam MA, Adhikari UK 2020. Energy-Optimized Pharmacophore Coupled Virtual Screening in the Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of LasR Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 38(18): 5374-5388.
- Ohtani K, Hayashi H, Shimizu T 2002. The LuxS Gene is Involved in Cell-Cell Signaling for Toxin Production in Clostridium perfringens. Molecular Microbiology 44(1): 171-179.
- O'Toole GA 2011. Microtiter Dish Biofilm Formation Assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE 30(47): 2437.
- Prazdnova EV, Gorovtsov AV, Vasilchenko NG, Kulikov MP, Statsenko VN, Bogdanova AA, Refeld AG, Brislavskiy YA, Chistyakov VA, Chikindas ML 2022. Quorum-Sensing Inhibition by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Microorganisms 10(2): 350.
- Rice SA, Koh KS, Queck SY, Labbate M, Lam KW, Kjelleberg S 2005. Biofilm Formation and Sloughing in Serratia marcescens are Controlled by Quorum Sensing and Nutrient Cues. Journal of Bacteriology 187(10): 3477-3485.
- Saliha E, Üreyen Esertas ÜZ, Kilic AO, Ejder N, Uzunok B 2020. Determination of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects and ‘Quorum Sensing’ Inhibition Potentials of Castanea sativa Mill. Extracts. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48(1): 66-78.
- Shapiro SS, Wilk MB, 1965. An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika 52: 591-611.
- Taghizadeh Rabe SZ, Mahmoudi M, Ahmadsimab H, Taghizadeh Rabe, SSZ, Emami A 2014. Investigation of the Biological Activity of Methanol Extract from Eremostachys labiosa Bunge. Food and Agricultural Immunology 25(4): 578-585.
- Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Bernal-Mercado AT, Gutierrez-Pacheco MM, Vazquez-Armenta FJ, Hernandez-Mendoza A, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Martinez-Tellez MA, Nazzaro F, Ayala-Zavala JF 2019. Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exposed to Carvacrol: Alterations of the Quorum Sensing at Enzymatic and Gene Levels. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 13(4): 531-537.
- Tüfekci EF, Alkateeb A, Akar S, Çorum O, Çelik Altunoğlu Y, Baloğlu MC, Kiraz M, Çöplü N 2020. Antimicrobial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Giant Fennel (Ferula elaeochytris Korovin) from the Hatay Region. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 36(3): 214-220.
- Uddin TM, Chakraborty AJ, Khusro A, Zidan B, Mitra S, Emran TB, Dhama K, Ripon M, Gajdács M, Sahibzada M, Hossain MJ, Koirala N 2021. Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: History, Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies and Future Prospects. Journal of Infection and Public Health 14(12): 1750-1766.
- Vetrivel A, Ramasamy M, Vetrivel P, Natchimuthu S, Arunachalam S, Kim G-S, Murugesan R 2021. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Its Control. Biologics 1(3): 312-336.
- Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock REW 2008. Agar and Broth Dilution Methods to Determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Antimicrobial Substances. Nature Protocols 3(2): 163-175.
Öz
The insufficiency of existing antibiotics in the combat against antibiotics-resistant bacteria has necessitated the discovery of new and effective antibacterial drugs. The discovery that bacteria synthesize various virulence factors by the quorum sensing system has suggested that quorum sensing inhibitors may be used in the fight against infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activities of methanol and water extracts of aerial and root parts of Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extracts were investigated against reference bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method. Anti-quorum sensing activities were examined by violacein and pyocyanin pigments inhibition and swarming motility inhibition assays against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 bioreporter strains. The antibiofilm activities of the extracts were tested against P. aeruginosa PAO1 using the crystal violet staining method. The MIC value (> 2000 µg/mL) of all extracts against the tested bacteria could not be determined at the concentrations studied. All extracts partially inhibited the swarming motility of P. aeruginosa. Methanol extract of the aerial part inhibited pyocyanin production by 81.7% without interfering with P. aeruginosa growth. The extracts had no significant inhibitory activity on biofilm formation and violacein pigment production. These results showed that the extracts of P. molucelloides may be good anti-quorum sensing agents. Further research can be done to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these biological activities.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibacterial activity Anti-biofilm Eremostachys moluccelliodes Bunge Salmaki Quorum sensing
Kaynakça
- Asgharian P, Delazar A, Vatankhah AM, Javadzadeh M, Asnaashari S 2017. In vitro Bioactivity and Phytochemical Evaluation of Extracts from Aerial Parts of Eremostachys macrophylla Montbr. & Auch. Growing in Iran. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy 4(2): 65-73.
- Asnaashari S, Delazar A, Asgharian P, Lotfipour F, Moghaddam SB, Heshmati AF 2017. In-vitro Bioactivity and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts from Rhizomes of Eremostachys azerbaijanica rech. f. Growing in Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR 16(1): 306-314.
- Babaç MT 2004. Possibility of an Information System on Plants of South-West Asia with Particular Reference to the Turkish Plants Data Service (TUBIVES). Turkish Journal of Botany 28(1-2): 119-127.
- Eberl L, Winson MK, Sternberg C, Stewart GS, Christiansen G, Chhabra SR, Bycroft B, Williams P, Molin S, Givskov M 1996. Involvement of N-Acyl-L-Hormoserine Lactone Autoinducers in Controlling the Multicellular Behaviour of Serratia liquefaciens. Molecular Microbiology 20(1): 127-136.
- Esmaeili A 2012. Biological Activities of Eremostachys laevigata Bunge. Grown in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 25(4): 803-808.
- Gonçalves T, Vasconcelos U 2021. Colour Me Blue: The History and the Biotechnological Potential of Pyocyanin. Molecules 26(4): 927.
- Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA Jr, Ikryannikova LN 2020. Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 9(4): 170.
- Jiang Q, Chen J, Yang C, Yin Y, Yao K 2019. Quorum Sensing: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Bacterial Diseases. BioMed Research International 2019:2015978.
- Khan F, Pham D, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM 2020. Regulation and Controlling the Motility Properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104(1): 33-49.
- Marketon MM, Glenn SA, Eberhard A, González JE 2003. Quorum Sensing Controls Exopolysaccharide Production in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology, 185(1): 325-331.
- Maurice NM, Bedi B, Sadikot RT 2018. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Host Response and Clinical Implications in Lung Infections. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 58(4): 428-439.
- McClean KH, Winson MK, Fish L, Taylor A, Chhabra SR, Camara M, Daykin M, Lamb JH, Swift S, Bycroft BW, Stewart G, Williams P 1997. Quorum Sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: Exploitation of Violacein Production and Inhibition for the Detection of N-Acylhomoserine Lactones. Microbiology (Reading, England) 143(Pt 12): 3703-3711.
- Modaressi M, Delazar A, Nazemiyeh H, Fathi-Azad F, Smith E, Rahman MM, Gibbons S, Nahar L, Sarker SD 2009. Antibacterial Iridoid Glucosides from Eremostachys laciniata. Phytotherapy research: PTR 23(1): 99-103.
- Mohammadhosseini M, Frezza C, Venditti A, Akbarzadeh A 2019. Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of the Genus Eremostachys Bunge. Current Organic Chemistry 23(17): 1828-1842.
- Morohoshi T, Kato M, Fukamachi K, Kato N, Ikeda T 2008. N-Acylhomoserine Lactone Regulates Violacein Production in Chromobacterium violaceum Type Strain ATCC 12472. FEMS Microbiology Letters 279(1): 124-130.
- Nain Z, Sayed SB, Karim MM, Islam MA, Adhikari UK 2020. Energy-Optimized Pharmacophore Coupled Virtual Screening in the Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of LasR Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 38(18): 5374-5388.
- Ohtani K, Hayashi H, Shimizu T 2002. The LuxS Gene is Involved in Cell-Cell Signaling for Toxin Production in Clostridium perfringens. Molecular Microbiology 44(1): 171-179.
- O'Toole GA 2011. Microtiter Dish Biofilm Formation Assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE 30(47): 2437.
- Prazdnova EV, Gorovtsov AV, Vasilchenko NG, Kulikov MP, Statsenko VN, Bogdanova AA, Refeld AG, Brislavskiy YA, Chistyakov VA, Chikindas ML 2022. Quorum-Sensing Inhibition by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Microorganisms 10(2): 350.
- Rice SA, Koh KS, Queck SY, Labbate M, Lam KW, Kjelleberg S 2005. Biofilm Formation and Sloughing in Serratia marcescens are Controlled by Quorum Sensing and Nutrient Cues. Journal of Bacteriology 187(10): 3477-3485.
- Saliha E, Üreyen Esertas ÜZ, Kilic AO, Ejder N, Uzunok B 2020. Determination of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects and ‘Quorum Sensing’ Inhibition Potentials of Castanea sativa Mill. Extracts. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48(1): 66-78.
- Shapiro SS, Wilk MB, 1965. An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika 52: 591-611.
- Taghizadeh Rabe SZ, Mahmoudi M, Ahmadsimab H, Taghizadeh Rabe, SSZ, Emami A 2014. Investigation of the Biological Activity of Methanol Extract from Eremostachys labiosa Bunge. Food and Agricultural Immunology 25(4): 578-585.
- Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Bernal-Mercado AT, Gutierrez-Pacheco MM, Vazquez-Armenta FJ, Hernandez-Mendoza A, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Martinez-Tellez MA, Nazzaro F, Ayala-Zavala JF 2019. Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exposed to Carvacrol: Alterations of the Quorum Sensing at Enzymatic and Gene Levels. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 13(4): 531-537.
- Tüfekci EF, Alkateeb A, Akar S, Çorum O, Çelik Altunoğlu Y, Baloğlu MC, Kiraz M, Çöplü N 2020. Antimicrobial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Giant Fennel (Ferula elaeochytris Korovin) from the Hatay Region. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 36(3): 214-220.
- Uddin TM, Chakraborty AJ, Khusro A, Zidan B, Mitra S, Emran TB, Dhama K, Ripon M, Gajdács M, Sahibzada M, Hossain MJ, Koirala N 2021. Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: History, Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies and Future Prospects. Journal of Infection and Public Health 14(12): 1750-1766.
- Vetrivel A, Ramasamy M, Vetrivel P, Natchimuthu S, Arunachalam S, Kim G-S, Murugesan R 2021. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Its Control. Biologics 1(3): 312-336.
- Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock REW 2008. Agar and Broth Dilution Methods to Determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Antimicrobial Substances. Nature Protocols 3(2): 163-175.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Şubat 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Mayıs 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
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Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)
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