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The Effect of Red Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury and Cyclooxygenase-2 Immunoreactivity

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 13, 28.02.2024

Halime Yavuz , Gökhan Nur , H. Ahmet Deveci , İzzettin Güler

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1196713

Öz

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a xenobiotic compound with toxicological action. It is absorbed by gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, and skin. Studies have reported that many countries have used Ganoderma lucidum (GL, Reishi Mushroom) as a medicinal mushroom against liver diseases induced by hepatotoxic agents such as CCl4 for more than thousands of years and is used for many diseases, including cancer since it has been thought that it increases resistance against them and treats them. In the present study, immunohistochemical localization and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by administrating carbon tetrachloride and Ganoderma lucidum in adult rats were examined. In the study, 32 adult Spraque-Dawley male rats that were 8-10 weeks old were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups as control, CCI4, Ganoderma lucidum (GL), and CCI4+GL. As a result of the experimental applications, the liver tissue was found to be normal in the control and GL groups, and multifocal necrosis areas, hepatocellular degeneration, cell infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, and congestion were observed in the central and portal areas in CCI4 group. In the CCI4+GL group, decreases were observed in lesion severity and density. COX-2 immunoreactivity was detected as more common in hepatocyte cytoplasm in the area from the central vena to the Kiernan space, while it was observed as sporadic in the hepatocyte nucleus. While CCI4 caused a decrease in total antioxidant level (TAS) in blood plasma samples, it caused an increase in total oxidant level (TOS), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. It is seen that Ganoderma lucidum, which has an important place in alternative and folk medicine, reduces oxidative stress with its hepatoprotective effect and inhibits the inflammatory response in the liver.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon tetrachloride Cyclooxygenase-2 Ganoderma lucidum Histopathology Immunohistochemistry

Proje Numarası

IMYO.YLT.19.01

Kaynakça

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  • Abdel-Daim, M.M., Taha, R., Ghazy, E.W., & El-Sayed, Y.S. (2016). Synergistic ameliorative effects of sesame oil and alpha-lipoic acid against subacute diazinon toxicity in rats: hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant studies. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 94(1), 81-8. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2015-0131
  • Al-Attar, A.M. (2015). Effect of grape seed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histo-pathological alterations in rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(3), 284-292. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.010
  • Atasever, A., Sayar, E., Ekebaş, G., Şentürk, M., & Eren, M. (2020). Ratlarda Karbon Tetraklorür ile Oluşturulan Kronik Karaciğer Hasarı Üzerine Susam Yağının Etkisi ve Kaspaz Aktivitesi ile Hepatik Apoptozisin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Cumhuriyet University Health Sciences Institute, 5(3), 144-160.
  • Atasever, A. & Yaman, D. (2014). The effects of grape seed and colchicine on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 66(8), 361-5. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.etp.2014.04.008
  • Basu, S. (2003). Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation: Eicosanoid formation and their regulation by antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology, 189(1-2), 113-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00157-4
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  • Bellassoued, K., Hsouna, A. B., Athmouni, K., Pelt, J. V., & Ayadi, F. M. (2018). Protective effects of Mentha piperita L. leaf essential oil against CCl4 induced hepatic oxidative damage and renal failure in rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0645-9
  • Cör, D., Knez, Ž., & Knez Hrnčič, M. (2018). Antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase effect of Ganoderma lucidum terpenoids and polysaccharides: A review. Molecules, 23(649), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules23030649
  • Çiftçi, H., Er Çalışkan, Ç., Kar, F., Özkaya, A., & Güçlü, K. (2022). Evaluation of The Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Hepato-Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats Exposed To Aluminum. KSU J. Agric Nat, 25(2), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.896611.
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  • Elmubarak, S. & Özsoy, N. (2016). Histoprotective effect of vitamin D against carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity in rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 35(7), 713-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0960327115598387
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Kırmızı Reishi Mantarı (Ganoderma lucidum) Extratının Karbon Tetraklorür ile İndüklenen Karaciğer Hasarı ve Siklooksijenaz-2 İmmunoreaktivitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 13, 28.02.2024

Halime Yavuz , Gökhan Nur , H. Ahmet Deveci , İzzettin Güler

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1196713

Öz

Karbon tetraklorür (CCl4) toksik etkiye sahip ksenobiyotik bir bileşiktir. CCI4, gastrointestinal sistem, solunum ve deri tarafından emilir. Yapılan çalışmalarda Ganoderma lucidumun (GL, Reishi Mantarı), CCl4 gibi hepatotoksik ajanların neden olduğu karaciğer hastalıklarına karşı, birçok ülkede binlerce yılı aşkın süredir tıbbi mantar olarak kullanılmakta olduğu ve kansere varıncaya kadar birçok hastalığa karşı direnç arttırdığı ve tedavi ettiği düşünülerek kullanıldığı bildirilmiştir. Çalışmada yetişkin dönemdeki sıçanlara karbon tetraklorür ve Ganoderma lucidum uygulaması yapılarak siklooksijenaz-2 (COX-2)’nin immunohistokimyasal lokalizasyon ve ekspresyonu incelendi. Çalışmada 8-10 haftalık 32 adet yetişkin Spraque-Dawley ırkı erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar; kontrol, CCI4, Ganoderma lucidum (GL), CCI4+GL olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. Deneysel uygulamalar sonucunda kontrol ve GL grubunda karaciğer dokusu normal, CCI4 grubunda ise sentral ve portal alanda multifokal nekroz alanları, hepatosellüler dejenerasyon, hücre infiltrasyonu, sinuzoidal dilatasyon ve konjesyon gözlendi. CCI4 ile birlikte GL verilen grupta ise lezyon şiddet ve yoğunluğunda azalmalar tespit edildi. COX-2 immunoreaktivitesi; sentral venadan kierman aralığına kadar olan bölgede hepatosit sitoplazmasında daha yaygın olarak saptanırken, hepatosit nükleusunda sporadik olarak tespit edildi. Kan plazma örneklerinde CCI4, Total antioksidan seviyede (TAS) azalmaya yol açarken, Total oksidan seviye (TOS), Aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve Alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) düzeylerinde ise artışa sebep olduğu gözlenmiştir. Alternatif ve halk tıbbında önemli yere sahip olan Ganoderma lucidum'un ise oksidatif stresi hepatoprotektif etkisi ile azalttığı, karaciğerdeki enflamatuar yanıtı inhibe ettiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karbon tetraklorür Siklooksijenaz-2 Ganoderma lucidum Histopatoloji İmmunohistokimya

Destekleyen Kurum

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

IMYO.YLT.19.01

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, P. & Wilfred, G. (1999). Oxidative damage to the lipids and proteins pf the lungs, testis and kidney of rats during carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Clinica Chimica Acta, 289(1-2), 177-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00140-0
  • Abdel-Daim, M.M., Taha, R., Ghazy, E.W., & El-Sayed, Y.S. (2016). Synergistic ameliorative effects of sesame oil and alpha-lipoic acid against subacute diazinon toxicity in rats: hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant studies. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 94(1), 81-8. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2015-0131
  • Al-Attar, A.M. (2015). Effect of grape seed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histo-pathological alterations in rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(3), 284-292. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.010
  • Atasever, A., Sayar, E., Ekebaş, G., Şentürk, M., & Eren, M. (2020). Ratlarda Karbon Tetraklorür ile Oluşturulan Kronik Karaciğer Hasarı Üzerine Susam Yağının Etkisi ve Kaspaz Aktivitesi ile Hepatik Apoptozisin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Cumhuriyet University Health Sciences Institute, 5(3), 144-160.
  • Atasever, A. & Yaman, D. (2014). The effects of grape seed and colchicine on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 66(8), 361-5. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.etp.2014.04.008
  • Basu, S. (2003). Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation: Eicosanoid formation and their regulation by antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology, 189(1-2), 113-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00157-4
  • Bernet, D., Schmidt, H., Meier, W., Brkhardt-Holm, P., & Wahli, T. (1999). Histopathology in fish: Proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1046/ j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x
  • Bellassoued, K., Hsouna, A. B., Athmouni, K., Pelt, J. V., & Ayadi, F. M. (2018). Protective effects of Mentha piperita L. leaf essential oil against CCl4 induced hepatic oxidative damage and renal failure in rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0645-9
  • Cör, D., Knez, Ž., & Knez Hrnčič, M. (2018). Antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase effect of Ganoderma lucidum terpenoids and polysaccharides: A review. Molecules, 23(649), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules23030649
  • Çiftçi, H., Er Çalışkan, Ç., Kar, F., Özkaya, A., & Güçlü, K. (2022). Evaluation of The Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Hepato-Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats Exposed To Aluminum. KSU J. Agric Nat, 25(2), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.896611.
  • Dannhardt, G. & Kiefer, W. (2001). Cyclooxygenase inhibitors-current status and future prospects. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 36(2), 109-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0223-5234(01) 01197-7
  • Domitrovica, R., Jakovac, H., & Blagojevi, G. (2011). Hepatoprotective activity of berberine is mediated by inhibition of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS expression in CCl4-intoxicated mice. Toxicology, 280(1-2), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2010. 11.005
  • El-haskoury, R., Al-Waili, N., Kamoun, Z., Makni, M., AlWaili, H., & Lyoussia, B. (2018). Antioxidant activity and protective effect of Carob honey in CCl4-induced kidney and liver injury. Archives of Medical Research, 49(5), 306-313. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.09.011
  • Elmubarak, S. & Özsoy, N. (2016). Histoprotective effect of vitamin D against carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity in rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 35(7), 713-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0960327115598387
  • Erel, O. (2004). A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable abts radical cation. Clinical Biochemistry, 37(4), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015
  • Erel, O. (2005). A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38, 1103-1111. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008 Fu, J.Y., Masferrer, J., Seibert, K., Raz, A., & Needleman, P. (1990). The induction and suppression of prostaglandin H2 synthase (cyclooxygenase) in human monocytes. International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265(28), 16737-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44821-6
  • Gao, Z., Yuan, F., Li, H., Feng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Song, Z., & Jia, L. (2019). The ameliorations of Ganoderma applanatum residue polysaccharides against CCl4 induced liver injury. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 137, 1130-1140. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.044
  • Ganie, S.A., Haq, E., Hamid, A., Qurishi, Y., Mahmood, Z., Zargar, B.A., Masood, A., & Zargaret, M.A. (2011). Carbon tetrachloride induced kidney and lung tissue damages and antioxidant activities of the aqueous rhizome extract of Podophyllum hexandrum. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 17, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-17
  • Gambaro, G. (2002). Strategies to safely interfere with prostanoid activity while avoiding adverse renal effects: could COX‐2 and COX‐LOX dual inhibition be the answer? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 17(7), 1159-62. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ndt/17.7.1159
  • Hawkey, C.J. (2001). COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Best Practice and Research in Clinical Gastroenterology, 15(5), 801-820. https://doi.org/ 10.1053/bega.2001.0236
  • Hoffmann, C. (2000). COX-2 in Brain and Spinal Cord-Implications for Therapeutic Use. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 7(11), 1113-20. https://doi. org/10.2174/0929867003374282
  • Jiang, W., Gao, M., Sun, S., Bi, A., Xin, Y., Han, X., Wang, L., Yin, Z., & Luo, L. (2012). Protective effect ofL-theanine on carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injuryin mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 422(2), 344-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.022
  • Kandimalla, R., Kalita, S., Saikia, B., Choudhury, B., Singh, Y.P., Kalita, K., Dash, S., & Kotoky, J. (2016). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentiality of Randia dumetorum lam. leaf and bark via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 205, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fphar.2016.00205
  • Karakus, E., Karadeniz, A., Simsek, N., Can, I., Kara, A., Yildirim, S., Kalkan, Y., & Kisa, F. (2011). Protective effect of Panax ginseng against serum biochemical changes and apoptosis in liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCI4). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195, 208-213. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2011.08.027
  • Kaya Çavuşoğlu, B., Sağlık, B. N., Acar Çevik, U., Osmaniye, D., Levent, S., Özkay, Y., & Kaplancıklı, Z.A. (2021). Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of some novel chalcones as selective COX‐2 inhibitors. Archiv der Pharmazie, 354(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.202000273
  • Khalifa, F.K., Khalil, F.A., Barakat, H.A., & Hassan, M.M. (2011). Protective role of wheat germ and grape seed oils in chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histological alterations in liver of rats. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(10), 54-66.
  • Kim, J.W., Kim, H.I., Kim, J.H., Kwon, O.C., Son, E.S., Lee, C.S., & Park, Y.J. Effects of Ganodermanondiol, a New Melanogenesis Inhibitor from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(11), 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms 17111798
  • Kim, D.H., Shim, S.B., Kim, N.J., & Jang, I.S. (1999). β-Glucuronidaseinhibitory activity and hepatoprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 22(2), 162-4. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.22.162
  • Koçak, Y., Oto, G., Yücel, U.M., Yaşar, S., & Arıhan, O. (2019). Karbon tetraklorür ile Oluşturulan Doku Hasarında Allium schoenoprasum L. Uygulamasının Karaciğer ve Böbrek Dokusunda Total Antioksidan ve Total Oksidan Düzeylerine Etkisi. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 1-10.
  • Kwon, S.C. & Kim, Y.B. (2011). Antifibrotic activity a fermentation filtrate of Ganoderma lucidum. Laboratory Animal Research, 27(4), 369-371. https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2011.27.4.369 Lida, C., Fujii, K., Koga, E., Washino, Y., Kitamura, Y., Ichi, I., & Kojo S. Effect of alpha-tocopherol on carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat liver. Archives of Toxicology, 83(5), 477-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-008-0394-7
  • Li, M.H., Feng, X., Deng Ba, D.J., Chen, C., Ruan, L. Y., Xing, Y.X., Chen, L.Y., Zhong, G.J., &Wang, J. (2019). Hepatoprotection of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall. against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis on rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 229, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.033
  • Lin, W.C, & Lin, W.L. (2006). Ameliorative effect of Ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14, 12(2), 265-270. https://doi. org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i2.265
  • Lin, J.M., Lin, C.C., Chen, M.F., Ujiie, T., & Takada, A. (1995). Radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Ganoderma formosanum, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma neo-japonicum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 47(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01251-8
  • Luna, L.G. (1968). Manual of histologic staining methods of armed forces institute of pathology. Blakiston Division, Graw. Hill Book Comp. 3rd edition, London. Lv, P., Luo, H.S., Zhou, X.P., Paul, S.C., Xiao, Y.J., Si, X.M., & Liu, S.Q. (2006). Thalidomide prevents rat liver cirrhosis via inhibition of oxidative stress. Pathology Research and Practice, 202(11), 777-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2006.08.002
  • Nur, G., Yıldız, S. E., Nazlı, M., & Sözmen, M. (2015). Puberte döneminde capsaicin uygulanan sıçanların karaciğerinde COX-1 ve COX-2’nin immuno-histokimyasal lokalizasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 62, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002656
  • Nur, G., Nazlı, M., Yıldız, S. E. (2014). Immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor beta-2 and gene expression using real-time PCR in capsaicin-administered rat testis during puberty.Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 38(4), 377-382. https://doi.org/ 10.3906/vet-1302-16
  • Ozkan, G., Kamiloglu, S., Ozdal, T., Boyacioglu, D., & Capanoglu, E. (2016). Potential use Turkish medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases. Molecules, 21(3), 257. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/molecules21030257
  • Pradeep, K., Victor Raj Mohan, C., Gobianand, K., & Karthikeyan, S. (2010). Protective effect of Cassia fistula Linn. On diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stres in ethanol pretreated rats. Biological Research, 43(1), 113-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-9760 2010000100013
  • Said, M.M., Azab, S.S., Saeed, N.M., & El-Demerdash, E. (2018). Antifibrotic Mechanism of Pinocembrin: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and TGF-b/ Smad Inhibition in Rats. Annals of Hepatology, 17(2), 307-317. https://doi.org/ 10.5604/01.3001.0010.8661
  • Satria, D., Amen, Y., Niwa, Y., Ashour, A., Allam, A.E., Shimizu, K., & Lucidumol, D. (2019). A new lanostane-type triterpene from fruiting bodies of Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi). Natural Product Research, 33(2), 189-195. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14786419.2018.1440229
  • Seidal, T., Balaton, A.J., & Battifora, H. (2001). Interpretation and quantification of immunostains. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2589, 1204-1207. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200109000-00013
  • Shahjahan, M., Sabitha, K.E., Jainu, M., Shyamala Devi., C. S. (2004). Effect of Solanum trilobatum against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 120, 194-8.
  • Shieh, Y.H., Liu, C.F., Huang, Y.K., Yang, J.Y., Wu, I.L., Lin, C.H., & Lin, S.C. (2001). Evaluation of the hepatic and renal protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum in mice. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 29, 501-7. https://doi.org/10.1142/ S0192415X01000526
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  • Stickel, F., Brinkhaus, B., Krahmer, N., Seitz, H.K., Hahn, E.G., & Schuppan, D. (2002). Antifibrotic properties of botanicals in chronic liver disease. Hepatogastroenterology, 49(46), 1102-1108.
  • Tekeli, H. & Bildik, A. (2013). Karbon tetraklorür ile oluşturulan karaciğer hasarında Glutatyon (GSH) ve glutatyon s-transferaz (GST) aktivitesi üzerine N-asetil sisteinin etkisi. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 83-7.
  • Verma, P.K., Raina, R., Sultana, M., & Singh, M. (2015). Modulatory Effects of Alstonia scholaris on biochemical and antioxidant parameters in experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4, 406-16. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2015.406.416
  • Yıldız, S.E., Nur, G., Nazlı, M., & Sözmen, M. (2013). Immunohistochemical distribution of COX-1 and COX-2 in the renal tissue of pubere rats treated with capsaicin. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 164(8-9), 389-394.
  • Zhang, G.L., Wang, Y.H., Ni, W., Teng, H.L., & Lin, Z.B. (2002). Hepatoprotective role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide against BCG-induced immune liver injury in mice. World Journal of Gastroenterology 8(4), 728-733. https://doi.org/ 10.3748/wjg.v8.i4.728
  • Zhao, Q., Peng, Y., Huang, K., Lei, Y., Liu, H.L., Tao, Y.Y., & Liu, C.H. (2016). Salvianolate protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress by attenuating mitochondrial injury. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 5408705, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2016/ 5408705
  • Zhao, X. (2013). Hawk tea (Litsea coreana Levl. Var. lanuginose) attenuates CCl4 induced hepatic damage in Sprague Dawley rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 5(2), 555-560. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.840
  • Zhu, Q.Y. (1989). Analysis of blood vessel invasion by cells of thyroid follicular carcinoma using image processing combined with immunohistochemistry. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 69, 573-575.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Halime Yavuz 0000-0003-1676-2862

Gökhan Nur 0000-0002-5861-8538

H. Ahmet Deveci 0000-0002-3862-1991

İzzettin Güler 0000-0001-6682-7156

Proje Numarası IMYO.YLT.19.01
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ekim 2022
Kabul Tarihi 15 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, H., Nur, G., Deveci, H. A., Güler, İ. (2024). The Effect of Red Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury and Cyclooxygenase-2 Immunoreactivity. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1196713

21082



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2022-JCI = 0.170

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      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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