Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of Rhabdosciadium anatolyi Flowers and Contents of Vitamin, Trace Element and Mineral

Ahmet Bakır; Suat Ekin; Mehmet Fırat

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1242342

Araştırma Makalesi

Rhabdosciadium anatolyi Çiçeğinin Antioksidan ve Antiradikal Özellikleri ile Vitamin, İz Element ve Mineral İçerikleri

Yıl 2023, , 966 - 976, 31.10.2023

Ahmet Bakır , Suat Ekin , Mehmet Fırat

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1242342

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiyenin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yetişen, endemik bir bitki olan Rhabdosciadium anatolyi (R. anatolyi) çiçeğinin antioksidan, antiradikal aktivitesi-ile E ve C vitaminleri, mineral (Ca, Na, Mg, P, K) ve iz element (Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Co, Sr, Pb, Ti, Tl, Sn, Cd, As) düzeylerini belirlemektir. Çalışma kapsamında mineral ve iz element analizleri ICP-OES ve AAS ile E vitamini HPLC ile C vitamini, R. anatolyi çiçeği metanol ekstraktının toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi, hidrojen peroksit, DPPH, ABTS, süperoksit, hidroksil ve eritrositlerin fenilhidrazin ile hemoliz oluşumu sonucu R. anatolyi çiçeğinin radikal süpürücü aktivitesi spektrofotometrik olarak tespit edildi. R. anatolyi çiçeğinin α-tokoferol, askorbik asit, fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği ile toplam antioksidan aktivitesi sırasıyla 3,99 ± 0,35 µmol kg-1, 346.27 ± 6.51 mg 100 g-1, 21.94 ± 0.37 mg gallik asit g-1, 5.60 ± 0.13 mg kuersetin g-1 ve 29.65 ± 0.26 mM askorbik asit g-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak R. anatolyi çiçeğinin içeriğinde mineral, iz element, E ve C vitaminleri, toplam fenol ve flavonoid düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu, R. anatolyi çiçeği metanol ekstraktının serbest radikalleri inhibe etmede etkili olduğu belirlendi. Bu açıdan bakıldığında serbest radikal türlerinin neden olabileceği birçok hastalığın koruyucu tedavisinde kullanılabileceği ve ayrıca bu verilerin başka çalışmalar için bir referans olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant, Free radical, Rhabdosciadium anatolyi, Trace element, Vitamin

Destekleyen Kurum

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

2018-FDK-7348

Kaynakça

Al-Saleh, I.A., Billed, G., & El-Doush, I.I. (2006). Levels of selenium, dl α-tocopherol, dl-γ- tocopherol, all-trans-retinol, thymoquinone, and thymol in different brands of Nigella sativa seeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(2-3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.011
Anonymous, (2000). Phenylhydrazine: Concise International Chemical Assessment Document; 19. WHO, Geneva.
Bendıch, A., (1993). Symposium: Antioxidants, Immune Response, and Animal Function Physiological Role of Antioxidants in the Immune System. J Dairy Sci., 76(9), 2789-2794.
Berger, M.M., Spertini, F., Shenkin, A., Wardle, C., Wiesner, L., Schindler, C, Chiolero, R.L., (1998). Trace Element Supplementation Modulates Pulmonary İnfection Rates After Major Burns: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(2), 365-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.2.365
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Brewster, M. A., (1984). Vitamins. In Clinical Chemistry, Theory, Analysis and Correlation ( Edt: Kaplan, L. A., Pesce, A.J.,) Mosby Company, St., Louis. USA. 656-685
Burnie, D., (1996). Bitkiler. Görsel Kitaplar Serisi. 1996 Sabah Kitapları San. ve Tic. A. Ş. Medya Plaza Basın Ekspres Yolu, Güneşli, İstanbul.
Chen, Y. C., Chang, H. S., Wang, C. T., Cheng, F. Y. (2009). Antioxidative activities of hydrolysates from duck egg white using enzymatic hydrolysis. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 22(11), 1587-1593. https://doi.org/ 10.5713/ajas.2009.90119
Coşkun, T. (2005). Fonksiyonel besinlerin sağlığımız üzerine etkileri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 48(1), 61-84.
Cuendet, M., Hostettmann, K., Potterat, O., Dyatmiko, W. (1997). Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, 80(4), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10. 1002/hlca.19970800411
Çağın, K.H., (2005). Bitkilerin Gizli Dünyası -IV. Avrupa ve Türkiye Florası İnceleme Dizisi-4. Apiaceae (Maydanozgiller)
Çoban, Ö. E., Patır, B. (2010). Antioksidan etkili bazı bitki ve baharatların gıdalarda kullanımı. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 5(2), 7-19.
Dröge, W. (2002). Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiological reviews, 82(1), 47-95. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev. 00018.2001
Çoşkun, A. (2011). Peroksizomlar. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Haziran 2011, sayfa, 84
Ferrier D.R., (2019). Mikrobesinler: Minareller. Lippincott Görsel Anlatımlı Çalışma Kitapları Biyokimya İstanbul. 399.
Firat, M., Güzel, Y. (2019). Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey). Phytotaxa, 395(3), 179-198. https:// doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.3
Gámez‐Meza, N., Noriega‐Rodríguez, J. A., Medina‐Juárez, L. A., Ortega‐García, J., Cázarez‐Casanova, R., & Angulo‐Guerrero, O. (1999). Antioxidant activity in soybean oil of extracts from Thompson grape bagasse. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 76(12), 1445.
Gürel, İ. A., 2014. İlaçlara ve bitkisel ürünlere bilinçli yaklaşım.Tübitak Popüler Bilim Kitapları. Golubkina, N. A., Prudnik, O. V., (1989). C vitamins determination in food products. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 44(8), 1091-1100.
Hacışevki, A. (2009). An overview of ascorbic acid biochemistry. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(3), 233-255. https://doi.org/ 10.1501/Eczfak_0000000528
Halliwell, B. (1992). Oxygen radicals as key mediators in neurological disease: fact or fiction? Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society, 32(S1), S10-S15. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ana.410320704
Hançer, Ç. K., Uruşak, E. A. (2017). Apiaceae Familyası Meyve Anatomisindeki “Vitta” Terimi ve YerleşimLeri. Avrasya Terim Dergisi, 5(2), 19-24.
Hasler, C. M. (2002). Functional foods: benefits, concerns and challenges—a position paper from the American Council on Science and Health. The Journal of Nutrition, 132(12), 3772-3781. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3772
Kavas, G. Ö. (1994). Reaktif Oksijen Metabolitlerine Fizyopatolojik Yaklaşım. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 47(04).
Keha, E. E., Küfrevioğlu, İ., (2012). Biyokimyanın konusu, biyomoleküller ve hücre yapısı. Biyokimya Kitabı. Erzurum. 5-7 sy.
Kilinc, K., Kilinc, A. (2002). Oksijenin Toksisitesinin Aracı Molekülleri Olarak Oksijen Radikalleri. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi, 33(2), 100-118.
Korkmaz, H., Tınkılıç, N., Özen, T., Güder, A., (2012). Biyokimya-I Ders Notları. On dokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Biyokimya Anabilim dalı Başkanlığı. Samsun.
Kumar, S. (2011). Free radicals and antioxidants: human and food system. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(1), 129-135.
Kunchandy, E., Rao, M. N. A. (1990). Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 58(3), 237-240. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(90)90201-E
Küçüker, O., (2015). Sporlu ve Tohumlu Bitkilerin Evrimi ile Temel Morfolojik Konular. İstanbul.
Lamasion, J.L., Carnat, A., Petitjean, C., (1990). Tannin Content and Inhibiting Activity of Elastase in Rosaceae. Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises, 48(6), 335-340.
Lukaski, H.C. 2004. Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition, 20 (7-8), 632-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut. 2004.04.001
Mohammed, F.S., Günal, S., Şabik, A. E., Akgül, H., & Sevindik, M. (2020). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Scorzonera papposa collected from Iraq and Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(5), 1114-1118. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.699457
Mosley, M. (2018). Akıllı Bağırsak. Melisa Matbaacılık, Yakamoz Kitap No: 12088. İstanbul.
Özcan, O., Erdal, H., Çakırca, G., Yönden, Z. (2015). Oksidatif stres ve hücre içi lipit, protein ve DNA yapıları üzerine etkileri. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 6(3), 331-336. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2015.03.0545
Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269(2), 337-341. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/abio.1999.4019
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
Ruch, R. J., Cheng, S. J., Klaunig, J. E. (1989). Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis İntegrative Cancer Research, 10(6), 1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/ carcin/10.6.1003
Sahin, A., Kıran, Y., Karatas, F., & Sonmez, S. (2005). Vitamins A, C, and E and β‐Carotene Content in Seeds of Seven Species of Vicia L. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47(4), 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00083.x
Shkolnik, M. Y. (2012). Trace Elements in Plants. Komarov Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Leningrad. Elsevier.
Tanker, N., Koyuncu, M.,Coşkun, M., (1998). Farmasötik Botanik. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 78. Ankara.
Tunçtürk, M., Șekeroğlu, N., Tunçtürk, Y., Özgökçe, F. (2008). Vitamin C contents of wild herbs used in the production of Van Herby Cheese. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries,(5th CMAPSEEC), Brno, Czech Republic, 2-5 September, 2008. Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno.
Valenzuela, A., Rios, H., Neiman, G. (1977). Evidence that superoxide radicals are involved in the hemolytic mechanism of phenylhydrazine. Experientia, 33(7), 962-963.
Wada, O. (2004). What are Trace Elements? Their deficiency and excess States. JMA Journal 47(8), 351-358.
Yi, O. S., Meyer, A. S., Frankel, E. N. (1997). Antioxidant activity of grape extracts in a lecithin liposome system. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 74(10), 1301-1307.
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2

Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of Rhabdosciadium anatolyi Flowers and Contents of Vitamin, Trace Element and Mineral

Yıl 2023, , 966 - 976, 31.10.2023

Ahmet Bakır , Suat Ekin , Mehmet Fırat

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1242342

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiradical activity of the Rhabdosciadium anatolyi (R. anatolyi) flowers, an endemic plant grown in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, by determining the level of vitamins E and C, mineral (Ca, Na, Mg, P, K), and trace elements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Co, Sr, Pb, Ti, Tl, Sn, Cd, As). Within the scope of the study, mineral and trace element analyzes were carried out by ICP-OES and AAS, Vitamin E by HPLC, Vitamin C, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, hydroxyl and hemolysis of erythrocytes with phenylhydrazine, radical scavenging activity of the R. anatolyi flowers methanol extract were determined spectrophotometrically. According to the results, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity of the R. anatolyi flowers were 3,99 ± 0,35 µmol kg-1, 346.27 ± 6.51 mg 100 g-1, 21.94 ± 0.37 mg gallic acid g-1, 5.60 ± 0.13 mg quercetin g-1 ve 29.65 ± 0.26 mM ascorbic acid g-1, respectively. Consequently, the mineral, trace element, vitamin E and vitamin C, total phenol and flavonoid levels in the R. anatolyi flowers were high, and the R. anatolyi flowers methanol extract effectively inhibited free radicals. From this point of view, it is thought that it can be used in the preventive treatment of many diseases that may be caused by free radical species and that these data will be a reference for other studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant, Free radical, Rhabdosciadium anatolyi, Trace element, Vitamin

Proje Numarası

2018-FDK-7348

Kaynakça

Al-Saleh, I.A., Billed, G., & El-Doush, I.I. (2006). Levels of selenium, dl α-tocopherol, dl-γ- tocopherol, all-trans-retinol, thymoquinone, and thymol in different brands of Nigella sativa seeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(2-3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.011
Anonymous, (2000). Phenylhydrazine: Concise International Chemical Assessment Document; 19. WHO, Geneva.
Bendıch, A., (1993). Symposium: Antioxidants, Immune Response, and Animal Function Physiological Role of Antioxidants in the Immune System. J Dairy Sci., 76(9), 2789-2794.
Berger, M.M., Spertini, F., Shenkin, A., Wardle, C., Wiesner, L., Schindler, C, Chiolero, R.L., (1998). Trace Element Supplementation Modulates Pulmonary İnfection Rates After Major Burns: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(2), 365-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.2.365
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Brewster, M. A., (1984). Vitamins. In Clinical Chemistry, Theory, Analysis and Correlation ( Edt: Kaplan, L. A., Pesce, A.J.,) Mosby Company, St., Louis. USA. 656-685
Burnie, D., (1996). Bitkiler. Görsel Kitaplar Serisi. 1996 Sabah Kitapları San. ve Tic. A. Ş. Medya Plaza Basın Ekspres Yolu, Güneşli, İstanbul.
Chen, Y. C., Chang, H. S., Wang, C. T., Cheng, F. Y. (2009). Antioxidative activities of hydrolysates from duck egg white using enzymatic hydrolysis. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 22(11), 1587-1593. https://doi.org/ 10.5713/ajas.2009.90119
Coşkun, T. (2005). Fonksiyonel besinlerin sağlığımız üzerine etkileri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 48(1), 61-84.
Cuendet, M., Hostettmann, K., Potterat, O., Dyatmiko, W. (1997). Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, 80(4), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10. 1002/hlca.19970800411
Çağın, K.H., (2005). Bitkilerin Gizli Dünyası -IV. Avrupa ve Türkiye Florası İnceleme Dizisi-4. Apiaceae (Maydanozgiller)
Çoban, Ö. E., Patır, B. (2010). Antioksidan etkili bazı bitki ve baharatların gıdalarda kullanımı. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 5(2), 7-19.
Dröge, W. (2002). Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiological reviews, 82(1), 47-95. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev. 00018.2001
Çoşkun, A. (2011). Peroksizomlar. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Haziran 2011, sayfa, 84
Ferrier D.R., (2019). Mikrobesinler: Minareller. Lippincott Görsel Anlatımlı Çalışma Kitapları Biyokimya İstanbul. 399.
Firat, M., Güzel, Y. (2019). Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey). Phytotaxa, 395(3), 179-198. https:// doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.3
Gámez‐Meza, N., Noriega‐Rodríguez, J. A., Medina‐Juárez, L. A., Ortega‐García, J., Cázarez‐Casanova, R., & Angulo‐Guerrero, O. (1999). Antioxidant activity in soybean oil of extracts from Thompson grape bagasse. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 76(12), 1445.
Gürel, İ. A., 2014. İlaçlara ve bitkisel ürünlere bilinçli yaklaşım.Tübitak Popüler Bilim Kitapları. Golubkina, N. A., Prudnik, O. V., (1989). C vitamins determination in food products. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 44(8), 1091-1100.
Hacışevki, A. (2009). An overview of ascorbic acid biochemistry. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(3), 233-255. https://doi.org/ 10.1501/Eczfak_0000000528
Halliwell, B. (1992). Oxygen radicals as key mediators in neurological disease: fact or fiction? Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society, 32(S1), S10-S15. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ana.410320704
Hançer, Ç. K., Uruşak, E. A. (2017). Apiaceae Familyası Meyve Anatomisindeki “Vitta” Terimi ve YerleşimLeri. Avrasya Terim Dergisi, 5(2), 19-24.
Hasler, C. M. (2002). Functional foods: benefits, concerns and challenges—a position paper from the American Council on Science and Health. The Journal of Nutrition, 132(12), 3772-3781. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3772
Kavas, G. Ö. (1994). Reaktif Oksijen Metabolitlerine Fizyopatolojik Yaklaşım. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 47(04).
Keha, E. E., Küfrevioğlu, İ., (2012). Biyokimyanın konusu, biyomoleküller ve hücre yapısı. Biyokimya Kitabı. Erzurum. 5-7 sy.
Kilinc, K., Kilinc, A. (2002). Oksijenin Toksisitesinin Aracı Molekülleri Olarak Oksijen Radikalleri. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi, 33(2), 100-118.
Korkmaz, H., Tınkılıç, N., Özen, T., Güder, A., (2012). Biyokimya-I Ders Notları. On dokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Biyokimya Anabilim dalı Başkanlığı. Samsun.
Kumar, S. (2011). Free radicals and antioxidants: human and food system. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(1), 129-135.
Kunchandy, E., Rao, M. N. A. (1990). Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 58(3), 237-240. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(90)90201-E
Küçüker, O., (2015). Sporlu ve Tohumlu Bitkilerin Evrimi ile Temel Morfolojik Konular. İstanbul.
Lamasion, J.L., Carnat, A., Petitjean, C., (1990). Tannin Content and Inhibiting Activity of Elastase in Rosaceae. Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises, 48(6), 335-340.
Lukaski, H.C. 2004. Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition, 20 (7-8), 632-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut. 2004.04.001
Mohammed, F.S., Günal, S., Şabik, A. E., Akgül, H., & Sevindik, M. (2020). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Scorzonera papposa collected from Iraq and Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(5), 1114-1118. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.699457
Mosley, M. (2018). Akıllı Bağırsak. Melisa Matbaacılık, Yakamoz Kitap No: 12088. İstanbul.
Özcan, O., Erdal, H., Çakırca, G., Yönden, Z. (2015). Oksidatif stres ve hücre içi lipit, protein ve DNA yapıları üzerine etkileri. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 6(3), 331-336. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2015.03.0545
Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269(2), 337-341. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/abio.1999.4019
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
Ruch, R. J., Cheng, S. J., Klaunig, J. E. (1989). Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis İntegrative Cancer Research, 10(6), 1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/ carcin/10.6.1003
Sahin, A., Kıran, Y., Karatas, F., & Sonmez, S. (2005). Vitamins A, C, and E and β‐Carotene Content in Seeds of Seven Species of Vicia L. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47(4), 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00083.x
Shkolnik, M. Y. (2012). Trace Elements in Plants. Komarov Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Leningrad. Elsevier.
Tanker, N., Koyuncu, M.,Coşkun, M., (1998). Farmasötik Botanik. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 78. Ankara.
Tunçtürk, M., Șekeroğlu, N., Tunçtürk, Y., Özgökçe, F. (2008). Vitamin C contents of wild herbs used in the production of Van Herby Cheese. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries,(5th CMAPSEEC), Brno, Czech Republic, 2-5 September, 2008. Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno.
Valenzuela, A., Rios, H., Neiman, G. (1977). Evidence that superoxide radicals are involved in the hemolytic mechanism of phenylhydrazine. Experientia, 33(7), 962-963.
Wada, O. (2004). What are Trace Elements? Their deficiency and excess States. JMA Journal 47(8), 351-358.
Yi, O. S., Meyer, A. S., Frankel, E. N. (1997). Antioxidant activity of grape extracts in a lecithin liposome system. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 74(10), 1301-1307.
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2

Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Bölüm	ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar	Ahmet Bakır 0000-0003-0797-285X Suat Ekin 0000-0002-6502-5028 Mehmet Fırat 0000-0001-5814-614X
Proje Numarası	2018-FDK-7348
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	27 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	25 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi	2 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA	Bakır, A., Ekin, S., & Fırat, M. (2023). Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of Rhabdosciadium anatolyi Flowers and Contents of Vitamin, Trace Element and Mineral. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(5), 966-976. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1242342