Ardahan ve Elazığ illerinde Yetişen Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea Bitkisinin Biyoaktif Bileşenleri ve Antioksidan Kapasitesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Zehra Tuğba Murathan; Musa Özdinç

doi:10.18016/ksudobil.362296

Araştırma Makalesi

A Research on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacities of Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea Plant Grown in Ardahan and Elazığ Cities

Yıl 2018, , 529 - 534, 31.08.2018

Zehra Tuğba Murathan , Musa Özdinç

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.362296

Cited By: 5

Öz

In
this study, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, total ascorbic
acid contents and antioxidant capacities of the samples of Anchusa azurea Miller
var. Azurea growing in Ardahan and Elazığ cities were determined.
The total ascorbic acid, total phenolic and total flavonoid content, was
found to be the lowest in Elazığ azurea leaf samples than those of Ardahan. It has
been determined that the
total ascorbic acid, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of Elazığ
samples sustained 72.9 mg/100g, 302.1 mg/100g ve 99.67 mg/100g,
respectively. In the samples taken from the Ardahan, ABTS
(2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid), DPPH
(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant
Power) values were found higher than the other samples. The ABTS, DPPH and FRAP of
Ardahan samples were 76.1%, 89.3% and 1386.1 µmol Fe II/g, respectively. The
pigment contents of the samples grown in different ecological conditions were
varied in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea, antioxidant, phenolic, flavonoid

Kaynakça

Anonim 2017. http://www.tubives.com/index.php ?sayfa=1&tax_id=6679, (Erişim Tarihi 23.10.2017).
AOAC 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed., Arlington VA, pp. 1058-1059.
Arı S 2014. Afyonkarahisar ve Civarında Halk Tarafından Kullanılan Bazı Bitkilerin Etnobotanik Özellikleri. AKÜ. Fen Bil. Ens., Biyoloji ABD, Doktora Tezi, 213 s.
Aslantaş R, Karabulut H 2007. Rakımın Meyve Yetiştiriciliğinde Önemi ve Etkileri. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 12: 31-37.
Baghiani A, Boumerfeg S, Boussoualim N, Trabsa H, Aouachria S, Arrar L 2013. In Vivo Free Radical Scavenging, Antihemolytic Activity and Antibacterial Effects of Anchusa azurea Extracts. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 46 (1): 1113-1118.
Benzie I F F, Strain J J 1996. The ferric reducing Ability of plasma (FRAB) as a measure of Antioxidant power: The FRAB assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239: 70-76.
Boussoualim N, Trabsa H, Krache I, Arrar L, Khennouf S, Baghiani A 2014. Anti-bacterial and β-Lactamase inhibitory effects of Anchusa azurea and Globularia alypum extracts. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(1): 742.
Cemeroğlu B, Yemenicioğlu A, Özkan M 2001. Meyve ve Sebzelerin Bileşimi Soğukta Depolanmaları. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, No: 24, Ankara.
Conforti F, Marrelli M, Carmela C, Menichini F, Valentina P, Uzunov D, Menichini F 2011. Bioactive phytonutrients (omega fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols), in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide production and free radical scavenging activity of non-cultivated Mediterranean vegetables. Food chemistry, 129(4): 1413-1419.
Cotton C M 1996. Ethnobotany Principles And Applications, John Wıley & Sons, Chichester, 424s.
Çakılcıoğlu U, Türkoğlu İ, Kürşat M 2007. Harput (Elazığ) ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları, 5: 22-28.
Çöteli E 2015. Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins A, E, C, Malondialdehyde and Glutathione in Plant A. azurea Miller var. Azurea. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2): 155-162.
Davis PH 1970. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3: 328-369.
De-Kok L, Graham M 1980. Levels of pigments, soluble proteins, amino acids and sulfhydryl compounds in foliar tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana during dark induced and natural senescence. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 27: 133-142.
Deniz L, Serteser A, Kargıoğlu M 2011. Uşak Üniversitesi ve Yakın Çevresindeki Bazı Bitkilerin Mahalli Adları ve Etnobotanik Özellikleri. AKÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13: 57-72.
Ertuğ F 2004. Etnobotanik Çalışmaları ve Türkiye’de Yeni Açılımlar. Kepikeç, 18: 181-187.
Galvis Sanchez AC, Gil-Izquierdo A, Gil MI 2003. Comparative study of six pear cultivars in terms of their phenolic and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant capacity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83:995-1003.
Gelse A 2012. Adıyaman ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 214.
Gorinstein S, Martin-Belloso O, Lojek A, Cı´z M, Soliva-Fortuny R, Park YS, Caspi A, Libman I, Trakhtenberg S 2002. Comparative content of some phytochemicals in Spanish apples, peaches and pears. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82:1166-1170.
Gökpınar Ş, Koray T, Akçiçek E, Göksan T, Durmaz Y 2006. Algal Antioksidanlar. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23:85-89.
Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinb. Univ. Press, Edinburg, 11s.
Halliwell B 2000. A super way to kill cancer cells? Nature Medicine, 6(10): 1105- 1106.
Koçyiğit M 2005. Yalova ilinde Etnobotanik Bir Araştırma, İÜ. Sağlık Bil. Ens., Farmösötik Botanik ABD, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 65 s.
Korkutal İ, Bahar E, Özge K 2012. Rakımın Üzüm Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Trakya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13: 17-29.
Kuruüzüm-Uz A, Güvenalp Z, Kazaz C, Demirezer LÖ 2013. Phenolic compounds From The Roots of Anchusa azurea var.azurea. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 10 (2): 177-184.
Li MF, Yao YY, Ding YL, Ge L, Cao XL, Li J, Yang DL 2017. Effect of altitude on fruit characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in Podophyllum hexandrum. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 26(4): 162-168.
Loranty A, Rembialkowska E, Rosa EAS, Bennett RN 2010. Identification, quantification and avaliability of carotenoids and chlorophylls in fruit, herb and medicinal teas. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23: 432-441.
Macheix JJ, Fleuriet A, Billot J 1990. Fruit Phenolics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 46 p.
Marelli M, Cristaldi B, Menichini F, Conforti F 2015. Inhibitory effects of wild dietary plants on lipid peroxidation and on the proliferation of human cancer cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 86: 16-14.
Martz F, Jaakola L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Stark S 2010. Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in northern Europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36(9): 1017–1028.
Mbaebie BO, Edeoga HO, Ajelayan AJ 2012. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of aqueous bark extract of Schoba lahtolic JACQ. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2: 118-124.
Morales P, Ferreira I, Carvalho A M, Sanchez-Mata C, Camara M, Fernandez-Ruiz V, Pardo-de-Santayana M, Tardio J 2014.
Mediterranean non-cultivated vegetables as dietary sources of compounds with antioxidant and biological activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 55(1): 389-396.
Murathan ZT 2017. Farklı Rakımlarda Yetişen Hippohae rhamnoides L. Meyvelerinin Antioksidan Kapasiteleri ve Bazı Biyoaktif Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 10(2): 20-27.
Murthy KB, Nammi S, Kota MK, Krishna Rao RV, Koteswara Rao N, Annapurna A 2004. Evaluation of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Datura metel (Linn.) seeds in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 9(1): 95-98.
Parejo L, Codina C, Petrakis C, Kefalas P 2000. Evaluation of scavenging activity assessed by Co(II)/EDTA-induced luminol chemiluminescence and DPPH center dot (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 44: 507-512.
Polat R, Satıl F 2012. An Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balıkesir-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 39: 626-641.
Quettier-Deleu C, Gressier B, Vasseur J, Dine T, Brunet J, Luyck M, Cazin M, Cazin JC, Bailleul F, Trotin F 2000. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls and flour. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72: 35-40.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9/10): 1231-1237.
Rezaeirad D, Bakhshi D, Ghasemnezhad M, Lahiji HS 2013. Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of local pears (Pyrus sp.) in the North of Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(8): 882-887.
Rieger T 2007. Exploring High Altitude Viticulture, Part One. Vineyard & Winery Management. 84-90. Spanos GA, Wrolstad RE 1992. Phenolic of apple, pear and white grape juices and their changes with processing and storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(9):1478-1487.
Zengin G, Sarıkurkcu C, Aktümsek A, Ceylan O, Uysal S 2015. Screening of Possible In Vitro Neuroprotective, Skin Care, Antihyperglycemic, and Antioxidative Effects of Anchusa undulata L. subsp. hybrida(Ten.) Coutinho from Turkey and Its Fatty Acid Profile. International Journal of Food Properties, 18(7): 1-12.
Zilic S, Jankovic M, Basic Z, Vancetovic J, Maksimovic V 2016. Antioxidant activity, phenolic profile, chlorophyll and mineral matter content of corn silk (Zea mays L.): Comparison with medicinal herbs. Journal of Cereal Science, 69: 363-370.

Ardahan ve Elazığ illerinde Yetişen Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea Bitkisinin Biyoaktif Bileşenleri ve Antioksidan Kapasitesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2018, , 529 - 534, 31.08.2018

Zehra Tuğba Murathan , Musa Özdinç

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.362296

Cited By: 5

Öz

Bu
çalışmada, Ardahan ve Elazığ illerinden toplanan Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea bitkisinin yapraklarında askorbik asit,
toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavonoid madde ve pigment içerikleri ile
antioksidan kapasite analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardahan ilinden toplanan Anchusa
azurea var. Azurea bitkisinin
yapraklarında askorbik asit, toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavonoid madde
miktarlarının Elazığ ilinden alınan örneklere oranla daha düşük bulunmuştur.
Elazığ ilinden toplanan örneklerde askorbik asit, toplam fenolik madde ve
toplam flavonoid madde miktarlarının sırasıyla 72.9 mg/100g, 302.1
mg/100g ve 99.67 mg/100g olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ardahan ilinden toplanan
örneklerde ABTS (2,2-Azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit), DPPH
(2,2-difenil-1-pikril-hidrazil-hidrat), ve FRAP (Demir iyonu indirgeyici
antioksidan güç) sonuçlarının sırası ile %76.1, %89.3 ve 1386.1 µmol Fe II/g
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Farklı ekolojik koşullarda yetişen örneklerin pigment
içeriği sonuçlarının da değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea, antioksidan, fenolik, flavonoid

Kaynakça

Anonim 2017. http://www.tubives.com/index.php ?sayfa=1&tax_id=6679, (Erişim Tarihi 23.10.2017).
AOAC 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed., Arlington VA, pp. 1058-1059.
Arı S 2014. Afyonkarahisar ve Civarında Halk Tarafından Kullanılan Bazı Bitkilerin Etnobotanik Özellikleri. AKÜ. Fen Bil. Ens., Biyoloji ABD, Doktora Tezi, 213 s.
Aslantaş R, Karabulut H 2007. Rakımın Meyve Yetiştiriciliğinde Önemi ve Etkileri. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 12: 31-37.
Baghiani A, Boumerfeg S, Boussoualim N, Trabsa H, Aouachria S, Arrar L 2013. In Vivo Free Radical Scavenging, Antihemolytic Activity and Antibacterial Effects of Anchusa azurea Extracts. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 46 (1): 1113-1118.
Benzie I F F, Strain J J 1996. The ferric reducing Ability of plasma (FRAB) as a measure of Antioxidant power: The FRAB assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239: 70-76.
Boussoualim N, Trabsa H, Krache I, Arrar L, Khennouf S, Baghiani A 2014. Anti-bacterial and β-Lactamase inhibitory effects of Anchusa azurea and Globularia alypum extracts. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(1): 742.
Cemeroğlu B, Yemenicioğlu A, Özkan M 2001. Meyve ve Sebzelerin Bileşimi Soğukta Depolanmaları. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, No: 24, Ankara.
Conforti F, Marrelli M, Carmela C, Menichini F, Valentina P, Uzunov D, Menichini F 2011. Bioactive phytonutrients (omega fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols), in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide production and free radical scavenging activity of non-cultivated Mediterranean vegetables. Food chemistry, 129(4): 1413-1419.
Cotton C M 1996. Ethnobotany Principles And Applications, John Wıley & Sons, Chichester, 424s.
Çakılcıoğlu U, Türkoğlu İ, Kürşat M 2007. Harput (Elazığ) ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları, 5: 22-28.
Çöteli E 2015. Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins A, E, C, Malondialdehyde and Glutathione in Plant A. azurea Miller var. Azurea. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2): 155-162.
Davis PH 1970. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3: 328-369.
De-Kok L, Graham M 1980. Levels of pigments, soluble proteins, amino acids and sulfhydryl compounds in foliar tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana during dark induced and natural senescence. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 27: 133-142.
Deniz L, Serteser A, Kargıoğlu M 2011. Uşak Üniversitesi ve Yakın Çevresindeki Bazı Bitkilerin Mahalli Adları ve Etnobotanik Özellikleri. AKÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13: 57-72.
Ertuğ F 2004. Etnobotanik Çalışmaları ve Türkiye’de Yeni Açılımlar. Kepikeç, 18: 181-187.
Galvis Sanchez AC, Gil-Izquierdo A, Gil MI 2003. Comparative study of six pear cultivars in terms of their phenolic and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant capacity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83:995-1003.
Gelse A 2012. Adıyaman ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 214.
Gorinstein S, Martin-Belloso O, Lojek A, Cı´z M, Soliva-Fortuny R, Park YS, Caspi A, Libman I, Trakhtenberg S 2002. Comparative content of some phytochemicals in Spanish apples, peaches and pears. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82:1166-1170.
Gökpınar Ş, Koray T, Akçiçek E, Göksan T, Durmaz Y 2006. Algal Antioksidanlar. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23:85-89.
Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinb. Univ. Press, Edinburg, 11s.
Halliwell B 2000. A super way to kill cancer cells? Nature Medicine, 6(10): 1105- 1106.
Koçyiğit M 2005. Yalova ilinde Etnobotanik Bir Araştırma, İÜ. Sağlık Bil. Ens., Farmösötik Botanik ABD, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 65 s.
Korkutal İ, Bahar E, Özge K 2012. Rakımın Üzüm Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Trakya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13: 17-29.
Kuruüzüm-Uz A, Güvenalp Z, Kazaz C, Demirezer LÖ 2013. Phenolic compounds From The Roots of Anchusa azurea var.azurea. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 10 (2): 177-184.
Li MF, Yao YY, Ding YL, Ge L, Cao XL, Li J, Yang DL 2017. Effect of altitude on fruit characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in Podophyllum hexandrum. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 26(4): 162-168.
Loranty A, Rembialkowska E, Rosa EAS, Bennett RN 2010. Identification, quantification and avaliability of carotenoids and chlorophylls in fruit, herb and medicinal teas. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23: 432-441.
Macheix JJ, Fleuriet A, Billot J 1990. Fruit Phenolics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 46 p.
Marelli M, Cristaldi B, Menichini F, Conforti F 2015. Inhibitory effects of wild dietary plants on lipid peroxidation and on the proliferation of human cancer cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 86: 16-14.
Martz F, Jaakola L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Stark S 2010. Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in northern Europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36(9): 1017–1028.
Mbaebie BO, Edeoga HO, Ajelayan AJ 2012. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of aqueous bark extract of Schoba lahtolic JACQ. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2: 118-124.
Morales P, Ferreira I, Carvalho A M, Sanchez-Mata C, Camara M, Fernandez-Ruiz V, Pardo-de-Santayana M, Tardio J 2014.
Mediterranean non-cultivated vegetables as dietary sources of compounds with antioxidant and biological activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 55(1): 389-396.
Murathan ZT 2017. Farklı Rakımlarda Yetişen Hippohae rhamnoides L. Meyvelerinin Antioksidan Kapasiteleri ve Bazı Biyoaktif Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 10(2): 20-27.
Murthy KB, Nammi S, Kota MK, Krishna Rao RV, Koteswara Rao N, Annapurna A 2004. Evaluation of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Datura metel (Linn.) seeds in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 9(1): 95-98.
Parejo L, Codina C, Petrakis C, Kefalas P 2000. Evaluation of scavenging activity assessed by Co(II)/EDTA-induced luminol chemiluminescence and DPPH center dot (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 44: 507-512.
Polat R, Satıl F 2012. An Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balıkesir-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 39: 626-641.
Quettier-Deleu C, Gressier B, Vasseur J, Dine T, Brunet J, Luyck M, Cazin M, Cazin JC, Bailleul F, Trotin F 2000. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls and flour. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72: 35-40.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9/10): 1231-1237.
Rezaeirad D, Bakhshi D, Ghasemnezhad M, Lahiji HS 2013. Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of local pears (Pyrus sp.) in the North of Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(8): 882-887.
Rieger T 2007. Exploring High Altitude Viticulture, Part One. Vineyard & Winery Management. 84-90. Spanos GA, Wrolstad RE 1992. Phenolic of apple, pear and white grape juices and their changes with processing and storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(9):1478-1487.
Zengin G, Sarıkurkcu C, Aktümsek A, Ceylan O, Uysal S 2015. Screening of Possible In Vitro Neuroprotective, Skin Care, Antihyperglycemic, and Antioxidative Effects of Anchusa undulata L. subsp. hybrida(Ten.) Coutinho from Turkey and Its Fatty Acid Profile. International Journal of Food Properties, 18(7): 1-12.
Zilic S, Jankovic M, Basic Z, Vancetovic J, Maksimovic V 2016. Antioxidant activity, phenolic profile, chlorophyll and mineral matter content of corn silk (Zea mays L.): Comparison with medicinal herbs. Journal of Cereal Science, 69: 363-370.

Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar	Zehra Tuğba Murathan Musa Özdinç
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Ağustos 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi	5 Aralık 2017
Kabul Tarihi	20 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA	Murathan, Z. T., & Özdinç, M. (2018). Ardahan ve Elazığ illerinde Yetişen Anchusa azurea Miller var. Azurea Bitkisinin Biyoaktif Bileşenleri ve Antioksidan Kapasitesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(4), 529-534. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.362296