Investigation of The Effect of Honey Bee Pollination for Apple (Malus sylvestris (L.)Mill.) on Fruit Yield, Seed Number and Seed Germination Capacity
Öz
Apple
is a self-incompatible fruit that is completely pollinated by cross
pollination. Honey- bees are particularly effective in cross pollination. The
aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pollination of apple by
honey bees on the fruit yield, average number of seeds and germination capacity
of the seeds. We observed that the average number of flowers in apple branches
open to pollination ranged from 10.18 ± 0.53 to 278.43 ± 0.73 while the average
number of flowers in apple branches close to pollination was between 8.07 ±
1.19 and 127.05 ± .057. The average duration of bee stay on apple flowers open
to pollination was in the range of 3.66 ± 0.09 to 8.64 ± 0.07 seconds. The
total number of fruits on the branches that were open to pollination was higher
than those of close to pollination. Likewise, the average number of seeds on
the branches open to pollination was higher than those of closed to
pollination. We also observed that the average germination of seeds obtained
from branches open to pollination was higher than the those of close to
pollination.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apple pollination fruit yield seed number honey bee seed germination
Kaynakça
- Banda HJ, Paxton RJ 1991. “Pollination of greenhouse tomatoes by bees. The 6th International Symposium on Pollination.” Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 194-198.
- Blanchet P, Douault P, Pouvreau A 1991. “Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) pollination: Honey-bee behaviour and its influence on the fruit. The 6th International Symposium on Pollination.” Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 376-381.
- Canverdi NP 2016. “Bal arilarinin elmada tozlanmaya etkisinin belirlenmesi.” Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu.
- Cervancia CR, Bergonia EA 1991. “Insect pollination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the Philippines.” The 6th International Symposium on Pollination. Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 278-281.
- Crane E 1975. “Honey: A Comprehensive survey. Heinemann, London.”
- Doğaroğlu M 1985. “Bitkisel üretimde verimliliği artırmada bal arısının yeri ve önemi.” Yem Sanayi Dergisi, 48: 11-15.
- Free JB 1993. “Insect pollination of crops. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London,” 684.
- Garratt MPD, Breeze TD, Jenner N, Polce C, Biesmeijer JC, Potts SG 2014. “Avoiding a bad apple: Insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value.” Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 184: 34–40.
- Goodwin RM, Ten Houten A, Perry JH 1991. “Feeding sugar syrup to honey bee colonies to improve kiwifruit polen collection: A Review. The 6th International Symposium on Pollination,” Acta Horticul. Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 265-269.
- Hendrickson EC, Thompson PG, Cruzan MB 2018. “Density-dependent pollination and germination in the patchy vernal pool species Lasthenia californica.” International journal of plant sciences. 179(7): 583-591.
- Korkmaz A, Aydın A 1999. “Sürdürülebilir tarımda bal arısının rolü. “Ziraat Mühendisliği Dergisi, 323: 24-26.
- Kumova U, Korkmaz A 1998. “Polinasyonda bal arılarının (Apis mellifera L.) yeri ve önemi.” Tarım ve Köy. 12 : 53-56.
- Kuvancı A 2009. “Fazelya (Phaceliatanacetifolia Bentham), korunga (Onobrychissativa L.) ve yonca (Medicagosativa L.) bitkilerinin arı tercihi açısından değerlendirilmesi.” Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu.
- McGregor SE 1976. “Insect pollination of cultivated crop plants. Agr. Res. Serv. U.S. Dept. Agr. Washington D.C.”
- Mel’nichenko AN 1977. “Role of insect-pollinators in increasing yields of agricultural plants. In: Pollination of Agricultural Crops by Bees” (Mel’nichenko, A.N. Ed.) Vol. III., pp.150, Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, New York.
- Mel'nichenko AN, Khalifman IA 1976. “Role of honeybees in effecttively increasing the yield of agricultural crops.” In: Pollinaıion of Agr. Crops by Bees (Kozin, R.B. Ed.), pp. 365, Amerind Pub. Co.Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, New York.
- Morse RA, Calderone NW 2000. “The value of honey bees as pollinators of U. S. crops in 2000”, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
- Oronje MLO, Hagen M, Gikungu M, Kasina M, Kraemer M 2012. “Pollinator diversity, behaviour and limitation on yield of karela (Momordica Charantia L. Cucurbitaceae) in Western Kenya.” Afri. J. Agri. Res. 7(11): 1629-1638.
- Pereira-Lorenzo S, Ramos-Cabrer AM, Fischer M 2009. “Breeding apple (Malus Domestica Borkh).” Breeding plantation tree crops. Temperate Species, 10: 33-82.Shrivastava GP, Shrivastava U 1991. “Coevolution of stamens and carpels in cucurbits and of their insect pollinators.” The 6th International Symposium on Pollination. Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 347-351.
- Sıralı R 2003. “Arıcılığın Türkiye için önemi.” Arıcılık Araştırma Dergisi, 2(4): 3-4, (2010).
- Soylu, A., “Meyve ağaçlarında çiçeklenme, tozlaşma ve bal arıları.” Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. Mayıs.
- Stern RA, Sapir G, Shafir S, Dag A, Goldway M 2007. “The appropriate management of honey bee colonies for pollination of rosaceae fruit trees in warm climates.” Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1(1): 13-19.
- Svensson B 1991. “The importance of honeybee-pollination for the quality and quantity of strawberries in central Sweden.” The 6th International Symposium on Pollination, Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 260-264.
- Woyke H, Bronikowska K 1984. “The influence of honey bee population on pickling cucumber yield.” In: Proc.5th International Symposium on Pollination, Versailles. 323-327. Yücel B, Duman G 2005. “Effects of foraging activity of honey bees (Apis Mellifera L.) on onion (Allium Cepa) seed production and quality.” Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8: 123-126.
Investigation of the Effect of Honey Bee Pollination for Apple (Malus sylvestris (L.)Mill.) on Fruit Yield, Seed Number and Seed Germination Capacity
Öz
Apple
is a self-incompatible fruit that is completely pollinated by cross
pollination. Honey- bees are particularly effective in cross pollination. The
aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pollination of apple by
honey bees on the fruit yield, average number of seeds and germination capacity
of the seeds. We observed that the average number of flowers in apple branches
open to pollination ranged from 10.18 ± 0.53 to 278.43 ± 0.73 while the average
number of flowers in apple branches close to pollination was between 8.07 ±
1.19 and 127.05 ± .057. The average duration of bee stay on apple flowers open
to pollination was in the range of 3.66 ± 0.09 to 8.64 ± 0.07 seconds. The
total number of fruits on the branches that were open to pollination was higher
than those of close to pollination. Likewise, the average number of seeds on
the branches open to pollination was higher than those of closed to
pollination. We also observed that the average germination of seeds obtained
from branches open to pollination was higher than the those of close to
pollination.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apple honey bee pollination fruit yield seed number seed germination
Kaynakça
- Banda HJ, Paxton RJ 1991. “Pollination of greenhouse tomatoes by bees. The 6th International Symposium on Pollination.” Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 194-198.
- Blanchet P, Douault P, Pouvreau A 1991. “Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) pollination: Honey-bee behaviour and its influence on the fruit. The 6th International Symposium on Pollination.” Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 376-381.
- Canverdi NP 2016. “Bal arilarinin elmada tozlanmaya etkisinin belirlenmesi.” Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu.
- Cervancia CR, Bergonia EA 1991. “Insect pollination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the Philippines.” The 6th International Symposium on Pollination. Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 278-281.
- Crane E 1975. “Honey: A Comprehensive survey. Heinemann, London.”
- Doğaroğlu M 1985. “Bitkisel üretimde verimliliği artırmada bal arısının yeri ve önemi.” Yem Sanayi Dergisi, 48: 11-15.
- Free JB 1993. “Insect pollination of crops. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London,” 684.
- Garratt MPD, Breeze TD, Jenner N, Polce C, Biesmeijer JC, Potts SG 2014. “Avoiding a bad apple: Insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value.” Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 184: 34–40.
- Goodwin RM, Ten Houten A, Perry JH 1991. “Feeding sugar syrup to honey bee colonies to improve kiwifruit polen collection: A Review. The 6th International Symposium on Pollination,” Acta Horticul. Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 265-269.
- Hendrickson EC, Thompson PG, Cruzan MB 2018. “Density-dependent pollination and germination in the patchy vernal pool species Lasthenia californica.” International journal of plant sciences. 179(7): 583-591.
- Korkmaz A, Aydın A 1999. “Sürdürülebilir tarımda bal arısının rolü. “Ziraat Mühendisliği Dergisi, 323: 24-26.
- Kumova U, Korkmaz A 1998. “Polinasyonda bal arılarının (Apis mellifera L.) yeri ve önemi.” Tarım ve Köy. 12 : 53-56.
- Kuvancı A 2009. “Fazelya (Phaceliatanacetifolia Bentham), korunga (Onobrychissativa L.) ve yonca (Medicagosativa L.) bitkilerinin arı tercihi açısından değerlendirilmesi.” Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu.
- McGregor SE 1976. “Insect pollination of cultivated crop plants. Agr. Res. Serv. U.S. Dept. Agr. Washington D.C.”
- Mel’nichenko AN 1977. “Role of insect-pollinators in increasing yields of agricultural plants. In: Pollination of Agricultural Crops by Bees” (Mel’nichenko, A.N. Ed.) Vol. III., pp.150, Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, New York.
- Mel'nichenko AN, Khalifman IA 1976. “Role of honeybees in effecttively increasing the yield of agricultural crops.” In: Pollinaıion of Agr. Crops by Bees (Kozin, R.B. Ed.), pp. 365, Amerind Pub. Co.Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, New York.
- Morse RA, Calderone NW 2000. “The value of honey bees as pollinators of U. S. crops in 2000”, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
- Oronje MLO, Hagen M, Gikungu M, Kasina M, Kraemer M 2012. “Pollinator diversity, behaviour and limitation on yield of karela (Momordica Charantia L. Cucurbitaceae) in Western Kenya.” Afri. J. Agri. Res. 7(11): 1629-1638.
- Pereira-Lorenzo S, Ramos-Cabrer AM, Fischer M 2009. “Breeding apple (Malus Domestica Borkh).” Breeding plantation tree crops. Temperate Species, 10: 33-82.Shrivastava GP, Shrivastava U 1991. “Coevolution of stamens and carpels in cucurbits and of their insect pollinators.” The 6th International Symposium on Pollination. Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 347-351.
- Sıralı R 2003. “Arıcılığın Türkiye için önemi.” Arıcılık Araştırma Dergisi, 2(4): 3-4, (2010).
- Soylu, A., “Meyve ağaçlarında çiçeklenme, tozlaşma ve bal arıları.” Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. Mayıs.
- Stern RA, Sapir G, Shafir S, Dag A, Goldway M 2007. “The appropriate management of honey bee colonies for pollination of rosaceae fruit trees in warm climates.” Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1(1): 13-19.
- Svensson B 1991. “The importance of honeybee-pollination for the quality and quantity of strawberries in central Sweden.” The 6th International Symposium on Pollination, Acta Horticulturae, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 288: 260-264.
- Woyke H, Bronikowska K 1984. “The influence of honey bee population on pickling cucumber yield.” In: Proc.5th International Symposium on Pollination, Versailles. 323-327. Yücel B, Duman G 2005. “Effects of foraging activity of honey bees (Apis Mellifera L.) on onion (Allium Cepa) seed production and quality.” Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8: 123-126.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Nisan 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 23 Mayıs 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
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