Öz
In a 2-year study, it was determined how winter planting
various forage legumes (Hungarian vetch, narbon vetch and forage pea) before
applying nitrogen (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg N da-1) affected the yield
components of silage maize grown afterward. Fallow was applied for control
treatment. The results showed that among the forage legumes cultivated from
October to May, forage peas afforded the highest fresh weight (4279 kg da-1)
and the dry matter ratio (20.50%). However, narbon vetch affected all other
yield components of silage maize except dry matter ratio more positively than
the other legumes and increased the green yield by 30.3% compared yields
achieved in control plots. The dry matter ratio of silage maize was higher in
plots grown with Hungarian vetch and forage pea plots because of their later sowing
and harvest times. Later, applying nitrogen positively affected the green
yields of silage maize by up to 15 kg N da-1. Such results readily
apply to cultivating crops with high nitrogen demands (e.g., maize) in soils
with low organic matter content. It was concluded that narbon vetch as a
previous crop should be advised for silage maize and top-dressing of 15 kg N da-1
could be beneficial for increasing green maize
yield.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Narbon vetch Hungarian vetch Forage pea Green yield Silage maize
Teşekkür
This article has been prepared by benefiting from the Master Thesis of Fatma KALKAN.
Kaynakça
- Ateş E, Tekeli AS 2017. Farklı Taban Gübresi Uygulamalarının Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum arvense L.)’nin Ot Verimi ve Kalitesine Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv. Doğa Bilimleri Derg., 20: 13-16.
- Bahl GS, Pasricha NS 2000. N-Utilization by Maize (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Crop Rotation and Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Residue Management. Soil Use and Management, 16: 230-231.
- Briggs SR, Cuttle S, Goodlass G, Hatch D, King J, Roderick S, Shepherd M 2019. Soil Nitrogen Building Crops in Organic Farming-Defra Research Project OF0316 project publication Available at: http://www.efrc.com/manage/authincludes/article_uploads/iota/technical-leaflets/soil- nitrogen-building-crops-in-organic-farming.pdf (Accessed in: 01 November 2019).
- Buriro M, Oad A, Nangraj T, Gandahi AW 2014. Maize Fodder Yield and Nitrogen Uptake as Influenced by Farm Yard Manure and Nitrogen Rates. European Academic Research, II (9): 11624-11637.
- Cicek H, Martens JRT, Bamford KC, Entz MH 2014. Forage Potential of Six Leguminous Green Manures and Effect of Grazing on Following Grain Crops. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30(6): 503-514. doi:10.1017/S1742170514000349.
- Dabney SM, Delgado JA, Reeves DW 2001. Using Winter Cover Crops to Improve Soil and Water Quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 221-1250.
- Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Bailey BA 2005. Role of Cover Crops in Improving Soil and Row Crop Productivity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36 (19): 2733-2757. doi: 10.1080/00103620500303939.
- Gatiboni LC, Coimbra JLM, Denardin RBN, Wildner LP 2011. Microbial Biomass and Soil Fauna during the Decomposition of Cover Crops in No-Tillage System. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35: 1151-1157. doi: 10.1590/S0100-06832011000400008.
- Gül İ, Yıldırım M, Akıncı C, Doran İ, Kılıç H 2008. Response of Silage Maize (Zea mays L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer after Different Crops in a Semi-Arid Environment. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32: 513-520.
- İdikut L, Tiryaki I, Tosun S, Celep H 2009. Nitrogen Rate and Previous crop Effects on Some Agronomic Traits of Two Corn (Zea mays L.) Cultivars Maverik and Bora. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (19): 4958-4963.
- Kavut YT, Geren H, Avcıoğlu R, Soya H 2015. Effects of Previous Legume Crop Levels of Nitrogen and Sowing Date on Yield Components and Some Morphological Characteristics of Corn. Legume Research, 38 (3): 341-347.
- Liebman AM, Grossman J, Brown M, Wellsc MS, Reberg-Hortond SC, Shie W 2018. Legume Cover Crops and Tillage Impact Nitrogen Dynamics in Organic Corn Production. Agronomy Journal, 110 (3): 1046-1057.
- Marsh MC 2014. Winter Field Pea as a Leguminous Cover Crop in Corn Production. University of Arkansas, Master of Science in Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, M. Sc. Thesis, 47 p. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark. edu/etd/2095.
- Miedema P, Post J, Groot PJ 1987. The Effects of Low Temperature on Seedling Growth of Maize Genotypes. Verslagen van Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen, Agricultural Research Reports, p.1-124.
- Özyazıcı MA, Manga İ 2000. Çarşamba Ovası Sulu Koşullarında Yeşil Gübre Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Baklagil Yem Bitkileri ile Bitki Artıklarının Kendilerini İzleyen Mısır ve Ayçiçeğinin Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry, 24: 95-103.
- Parr M, Grossman JM, Reberg-Horton SC, Brinton C, Crozier C 2011. Nitrogen Delivery from Legume cover crops in no-till organic corn production, Agronomy Journal, 103, 6, p.1578-1590.
- Peoples MB, Herridge DF, Ladha JK 1995. Biological Nitrogen Fixation: An Efficient Source of Nitrogen for Sustainable Agricultural Production? In: Ladha J.K., Peoples M.B. (eds) Management of biological nitrogen fixation for the development of more productive and sustainable agricultural systems. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032239.
- Sievers T, Cook RL 2018. Aboveground and Root Decomposition of Cereal Rye and Hairy Vetch Cover Crops. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 82: 147-155. doi:10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0139.
- Skoufogianni E, Danalatos NG, Dimoyiannis D, Efthimiadis P 2013. Effects of Pea Cultivation as Cover Crop on Nitrogen-Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Uptake by Subsequent Maize and Sunflower Crops in a Sandy Soil in Central Greece. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 44: 861-868.
- Turgut İ, Bilgili U, Duman A, Açıkgöz E 2005. Effect of Green Manuring on the Yield of Sweet Corn. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25: 433-438.
- Uzun A, Gün H, Açıkgöz E 2012. Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinde Biçilen Bazı Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) Çeşitlerinin Ot, Tohum ve Ham Protein Verimlerinin Belirlenmesi. Uludağ Üniver. Ziraat Fakültesi Derg., 26 (1): 27-38.
Baklagil Yem Bitkilerinden Sonra Yetiştirilen Silajlık Mısırın Verimi Üzerine Azot Uygulamalarının Etkileri
Öz
İki
yıllık bu çalışmada, kışlık olarak ekilen farklı baklagil yem bitkileri (Macar
fiği, koca fiğ ve yem bezelyesi) ve azot uygulamalarının (0, 5, 10, 15 ve 20 kg
N da-1) daha sonra ekilen silajlık mısırın verim bileşenlerini nasıl
etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Nadas, kontrol uygulaması olarak kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre ekim-mayıs ayları arasında yetiştirilen baklagil yem
bitkileri arasında en yüksek yaş ot verimi (4279 kg da-1) ve kuru
madde oranı (% 20.50) yem bezelyesinden elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, koca
fiğ kuru madde oranı hariç silajlık mısırın tüm verim bileşenlerini diğer
baklagillerden daha olumlu etkilemiş ve kontrol parsellerine göre mısırın yeşil
ot verimini % 30,3 oranında arttırmıştır. Silajlık mısırın kuru madde oranı geç
ekilen ve hasat edilen Macar fiği ve yem bezelyesi parsellerinde daha yüksek
çıkmıştır. Azotlu gübre uygulaması, silajlık mısırın yeşil ot verimini 15 kg da-1'a
kadar olumlu etkilemiştir. Bu tür sonuçlar, organik madde seviyesi düşük ve N
talebi yüksek olan mısır gibi bitkilerin yetiştirilmesine uygun topraklar için
oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, silajlık mısır için ön bitki olarak koca fiğin
tavsiye edilmesi gerektiği ve üst gübre olarak 15 kg N da-1
uygulamasının mısırın yeşil veriminin arttırılmasında yararlı olabileceği
sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Koca fiğ Macar fiği Yem bezelyesi Yeşil ot verimi Silajlık mısır
Kaynakça
- Ateş E, Tekeli AS 2017. Farklı Taban Gübresi Uygulamalarının Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum arvense L.)’nin Ot Verimi ve Kalitesine Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv. Doğa Bilimleri Derg., 20: 13-16.
- Bahl GS, Pasricha NS 2000. N-Utilization by Maize (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Crop Rotation and Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Residue Management. Soil Use and Management, 16: 230-231.
- Briggs SR, Cuttle S, Goodlass G, Hatch D, King J, Roderick S, Shepherd M 2019. Soil Nitrogen Building Crops in Organic Farming-Defra Research Project OF0316 project publication Available at: http://www.efrc.com/manage/authincludes/article_uploads/iota/technical-leaflets/soil- nitrogen-building-crops-in-organic-farming.pdf (Accessed in: 01 November 2019).
- Buriro M, Oad A, Nangraj T, Gandahi AW 2014. Maize Fodder Yield and Nitrogen Uptake as Influenced by Farm Yard Manure and Nitrogen Rates. European Academic Research, II (9): 11624-11637.
- Cicek H, Martens JRT, Bamford KC, Entz MH 2014. Forage Potential of Six Leguminous Green Manures and Effect of Grazing on Following Grain Crops. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30(6): 503-514. doi:10.1017/S1742170514000349.
- Dabney SM, Delgado JA, Reeves DW 2001. Using Winter Cover Crops to Improve Soil and Water Quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 221-1250.
- Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Bailey BA 2005. Role of Cover Crops in Improving Soil and Row Crop Productivity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36 (19): 2733-2757. doi: 10.1080/00103620500303939.
- Gatiboni LC, Coimbra JLM, Denardin RBN, Wildner LP 2011. Microbial Biomass and Soil Fauna during the Decomposition of Cover Crops in No-Tillage System. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35: 1151-1157. doi: 10.1590/S0100-06832011000400008.
- Gül İ, Yıldırım M, Akıncı C, Doran İ, Kılıç H 2008. Response of Silage Maize (Zea mays L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer after Different Crops in a Semi-Arid Environment. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32: 513-520.
- İdikut L, Tiryaki I, Tosun S, Celep H 2009. Nitrogen Rate and Previous crop Effects on Some Agronomic Traits of Two Corn (Zea mays L.) Cultivars Maverik and Bora. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (19): 4958-4963.
- Kavut YT, Geren H, Avcıoğlu R, Soya H 2015. Effects of Previous Legume Crop Levels of Nitrogen and Sowing Date on Yield Components and Some Morphological Characteristics of Corn. Legume Research, 38 (3): 341-347.
- Liebman AM, Grossman J, Brown M, Wellsc MS, Reberg-Hortond SC, Shie W 2018. Legume Cover Crops and Tillage Impact Nitrogen Dynamics in Organic Corn Production. Agronomy Journal, 110 (3): 1046-1057.
- Marsh MC 2014. Winter Field Pea as a Leguminous Cover Crop in Corn Production. University of Arkansas, Master of Science in Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, M. Sc. Thesis, 47 p. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark. edu/etd/2095.
- Miedema P, Post J, Groot PJ 1987. The Effects of Low Temperature on Seedling Growth of Maize Genotypes. Verslagen van Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen, Agricultural Research Reports, p.1-124.
- Özyazıcı MA, Manga İ 2000. Çarşamba Ovası Sulu Koşullarında Yeşil Gübre Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Baklagil Yem Bitkileri ile Bitki Artıklarının Kendilerini İzleyen Mısır ve Ayçiçeğinin Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry, 24: 95-103.
- Parr M, Grossman JM, Reberg-Horton SC, Brinton C, Crozier C 2011. Nitrogen Delivery from Legume cover crops in no-till organic corn production, Agronomy Journal, 103, 6, p.1578-1590.
- Peoples MB, Herridge DF, Ladha JK 1995. Biological Nitrogen Fixation: An Efficient Source of Nitrogen for Sustainable Agricultural Production? In: Ladha J.K., Peoples M.B. (eds) Management of biological nitrogen fixation for the development of more productive and sustainable agricultural systems. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032239.
- Sievers T, Cook RL 2018. Aboveground and Root Decomposition of Cereal Rye and Hairy Vetch Cover Crops. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 82: 147-155. doi:10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0139.
- Skoufogianni E, Danalatos NG, Dimoyiannis D, Efthimiadis P 2013. Effects of Pea Cultivation as Cover Crop on Nitrogen-Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Uptake by Subsequent Maize and Sunflower Crops in a Sandy Soil in Central Greece. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 44: 861-868.
- Turgut İ, Bilgili U, Duman A, Açıkgöz E 2005. Effect of Green Manuring on the Yield of Sweet Corn. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25: 433-438.
- Uzun A, Gün H, Açıkgöz E 2012. Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinde Biçilen Bazı Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) Çeşitlerinin Ot, Tohum ve Ham Protein Verimlerinin Belirlenmesi. Uludağ Üniver. Ziraat Fakültesi Derg., 26 (1): 27-38.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 13 Kasım 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |
Cited By
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