Araştırma Makalesi
Farklı Bölgelerde Yetişen Söğüt Yapraklarının Potansiyel Besleme Değerlerinin ve Anti-Metanojenik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, yetişme bölgesinin söğüt yapraklarının kimyasal kompozisyonuna, in vitro gaz üretimine, metan (CH4) üretimi, metabolik enerji (ME), organik madde sindirim derecesi (OMSD), gerçek sindirim derecesi (GSD), gerçek sindirilebilir kuru madde miktarı (GSKM), taksimat faktörü (PF), mikrobiyal protein üretimi (MPÜ) ve mikrobiyal protein sentezleme etkinliği (MPSE) üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada in vitro gaz üretim tekniği kullanılmıştır. Söğüt yapraklarının kompozisyonu, in vitro gaz üretimi, metan üretimi, ME, GSD, OMSD, GSD, MPÜ ve MPSE düzeyleri yetişme bölgelerine göre önemli değişimler göstermiştir (P<0.05). Söğüt yapraklarının ham protein (HP), kondense tanen (KT) içeriği, metan üretimi, ME ve OMSD, GSD ve GSKM, PF, MPÜ ve MPSE değerleri sırasıyla; %9.26 ile 14.78, %2.07 ile 5.75, %10.10 ile 11.93, 6.91 ile 8.18 MJ/kg KM, %53.46 ile 55.25, %60.40 ile 84.46 ve 305.17 ile 472.26 mg, 4.04 ile 4.69, 146.11 ile 227.06 mg, %46.86 ile 54.45 arasında değişmiştir. Bu çalışmaya konu olan söğüt yapraklarının ruminantlara besin maddesi sağlamasının yanında, fermantasyon sırasında açığa çıkan metanı azaltma potansiyeli olduğu saptanmıştır. Yemlerin sadece in vitro gaz üretimlerine göre değil, gerçek sindirim derecesi ve mikrobiyal protein üretimi gibi diğer fermantasyon parametreleri de göz önüne alınarak yapılacak seçimlerde daha isabetli kararlar verilmesi mümkündür. Bundan sonra yapılacak in vivo çalışmalarla in vitro çalışmalarda elde edilen sonuçlar test edilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Söğüt in vitro gaz Metan üretimi Mikrobiyal protein Sindirim derecesi
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma TUĞBA CENGİZ'in yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- AOAC. 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Baba ASH, Castro FB, Orskov ER 2002. Portioning of energy and degradability of browse plants in vitro and the implications of blocking the effects of tannin by addition of polyethylene glycol. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 95:93-104.
- Barry TN 1987. Secondary compounds of forages. In: Nutrition of herbivores. Hacker, J.B. and Ternouth, J.H. (eds.) A.P. Sydney pp. 91–120.
- Barry TN, Duncan SJ 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional-value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep .1. Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51: 485 – 491.
- Bhatta R, Tajima K, Takusari N, Higuchi K, Enishi O, Kurihara M 2007. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro techniques for methane production from ruminant diets. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20(7): 1049-1056.
- Blümmel M 2000. Predicting the partitioning of fermentation products by combined in vitro gas volume–substrate degradability measurements: opportunities and limitations. In: Gas Production: Fermentation kinetics for feed evaluation and to assess microbial activity. British Society of Animal Science, Penicuik, Midlothian, pp. 48–58
- Blümmel M, Givens DI, Moss AR 2005. Comparison of methane produced by straw fed sheep in open-circuit respiration with methane predicted by fermentation characteristics measured by an in vitro gas procedure. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123-124:379-390.
- Blümmel M, Lebzien P 2001. Predicting ruminal microbial efficiencies of dairy rations by in vitro techniques. Livestock Production Science, 68(2-3): 107-117.
- Blümmel M, Steingass H, Becker K. 1997. The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and N-15 incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition, 77:911-921.
- Carlin A. 2006. Working paper: Global climate control: Is there a better strategy than reducing greenhouse gas emissions? p.:1-65
- Denek N, Serkan S, Can A. 2017. The effects of dried pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) by-product addition on corn silage fermentation and in vitro methane production. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1):185-189.
- El-Shatnawi MK, Mohawesh YM, 2000. Seasonal chemical composition of saltbush in semiarid grassland of Jordan. Journal of Range Management, 53: 211-214.
- Frutos P, Hervas G, Ramos G, Giraldez FJ, Mantecon AR 2002. Condensed tannin content of several shrub species from a mountain area in northern Spain, and its relationship to various indicators of nutritive value. Animal Feed Science Technology, 95:215-226.
- Getachew G, Robinson PH, DePeters EJ, Taylor SJ, Gisi DD, Higginbotham GE, Riordan TJ 2005. Methane production from commercial dairy rations estimated using an in vitro gas technique. Feed Science and Technology, 123-124:391-402.
- Goel G, Makkar HPS, Becker K. 2008. Effect of sesbania sesban and carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds and their extract on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Science Technology 147(1-3): 72-89.
- Goering HK, Van Soest PJ 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications).In: Agricultural Handbook No. 379. USDA-ARS, Washington, DC, USA
- Jayanegara A, Wina E, Soliva CR, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. 2011. Dependence of forage quality and methanogenic potential of tropical plants on their phenolic fractions as determined by principal component analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 163(2- 4): 231-243.
- Jayanegara A, Wina E, Takahashi J. 2014. Meta-analysis on methane mitigating properties of saponin-rich sources in the rumen: Influence of addition levels and plant sources. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 27(10):1426-1435.
- Johnson KA, Johnson DE 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73: 2483-2492.
- Kara K 2015. In vitro methane production and quality of corn silage treated with maleic Acid. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14:718-722.
- Kilic, U, Kurt D, Aytac S, Ayan AK. 2019. A study on the feed value, in vitro digestibilities and methane production of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) field waste. Progress in Nutrition, 21(2):449-452.
- Kumar R, Singh M 1984. Tannins: their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32:447-453.
- Leng R.A. 1993. Quantitative ruminant nutrient-A gren science. Australian Journal of. Agricultural Science, 44: 363-380.
- Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J, Negi SS 1983. Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 53: 1057-1063.
- Lopez S, Makkar HPS, Soliva CR 2010. Screening plants and plant products for methane inhibitors. In: Vercoe PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink A, (Eds): In vitro screening of plant resources for extra nutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologies. London, New York, pp. 191-231.
- Luske B, Meir I, Kondylis A, Roelen S, Ekeren N 2017. Online fodder tree database for Europe. Louis Bolk Institute and Stitching Duinboeren, the Netherlands, http://www.voederbomen.nl/nutritionalvalues/
- Makkar HPS, Blümmel M, Becker K 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. British Journal of Nutrition, 73 (6): 897-913.
- Makkar HPS, Singh B, Negi SS 1989. Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Animal Production, 49: 299-303.
- Meale SJ, Chaves AV, Baah J, McAllister TA 2012. Methane production of different forages in vitro ruminal fermentation. -Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 25(1): 86-91.
- Menke K.H. and Steingass H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development, 28: 7-55.
- Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb), 93:217–222..
- NRC 2001. National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, seventh ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
- Roder W 1983. Willow (Salix babylonica).A fodder to rely on. Bhutan Journal of Animal Husbandry, 4:7-9.
- Sallama SMA, Abdelgaleilb SAM, Buenoc ICS, Nassera MEA, Araujod RC, Abdallac AL 2011. Effect of some essential oils on in vitro methane emission Archives of Animal Nutrition, 65(3): 203–214.
- Singleton VL 1981. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Advances in Food Research, 27:149-242.
Determination of Potential Nutritive Values and Anti-Methanogenic Characteristics of Salix babylonica Leaves Grown in Different Sites
Öz
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of growing sites on the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, methane production, metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility, true digestibility, microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of Salix babylonica leaves by in vitro gas production technique. The chemical composition, in vitro gas production, methane production, metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility, true digestibility, microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of Salix babylonica leaves ranged with growing site. Crude protein, condensed tannin, methane production, metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility, true digestibility, true digestible dry matter, partitioning factor, microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis ranged from 9.26 to 14.78%, 2.07 to 5.75%, 10.10 to 11.93%, 6.91 to 8.18 MJ/kg KM, 53.46 to 55.25%, 60.40 to 84.46% and 305.17 to 472.26 mg, 4.04 to 4.69, 146.11 to 227.06 mg, 46.86 to 54.45%, respectively. It was found that Salix babylonica leaves studied not only provide with nutrients for ruminant but also have potential for mitigating of enteric methane produced during fermentation. Selection of feedstuffs should be conducted not only using gas production data but also fermentation parameters such as true digestibility, microbial protein production etc., which make it possible to make a sound decision about feedstuffs. Further in vivo studies are needed to test the results obtained from such experiments.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Salix babylonica in vitro gas Methane production Microbial protein Digestibility
Kaynakça
- AOAC. 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Baba ASH, Castro FB, Orskov ER 2002. Portioning of energy and degradability of browse plants in vitro and the implications of blocking the effects of tannin by addition of polyethylene glycol. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 95:93-104.
- Barry TN 1987. Secondary compounds of forages. In: Nutrition of herbivores. Hacker, J.B. and Ternouth, J.H. (eds.) A.P. Sydney pp. 91–120.
- Barry TN, Duncan SJ 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional-value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep .1. Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51: 485 – 491.
- Bhatta R, Tajima K, Takusari N, Higuchi K, Enishi O, Kurihara M 2007. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro techniques for methane production from ruminant diets. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20(7): 1049-1056.
- Blümmel M 2000. Predicting the partitioning of fermentation products by combined in vitro gas volume–substrate degradability measurements: opportunities and limitations. In: Gas Production: Fermentation kinetics for feed evaluation and to assess microbial activity. British Society of Animal Science, Penicuik, Midlothian, pp. 48–58
- Blümmel M, Givens DI, Moss AR 2005. Comparison of methane produced by straw fed sheep in open-circuit respiration with methane predicted by fermentation characteristics measured by an in vitro gas procedure. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123-124:379-390.
- Blümmel M, Lebzien P 2001. Predicting ruminal microbial efficiencies of dairy rations by in vitro techniques. Livestock Production Science, 68(2-3): 107-117.
- Blümmel M, Steingass H, Becker K. 1997. The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and N-15 incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition, 77:911-921.
- Carlin A. 2006. Working paper: Global climate control: Is there a better strategy than reducing greenhouse gas emissions? p.:1-65
- Denek N, Serkan S, Can A. 2017. The effects of dried pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) by-product addition on corn silage fermentation and in vitro methane production. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1):185-189.
- El-Shatnawi MK, Mohawesh YM, 2000. Seasonal chemical composition of saltbush in semiarid grassland of Jordan. Journal of Range Management, 53: 211-214.
- Frutos P, Hervas G, Ramos G, Giraldez FJ, Mantecon AR 2002. Condensed tannin content of several shrub species from a mountain area in northern Spain, and its relationship to various indicators of nutritive value. Animal Feed Science Technology, 95:215-226.
- Getachew G, Robinson PH, DePeters EJ, Taylor SJ, Gisi DD, Higginbotham GE, Riordan TJ 2005. Methane production from commercial dairy rations estimated using an in vitro gas technique. Feed Science and Technology, 123-124:391-402.
- Goel G, Makkar HPS, Becker K. 2008. Effect of sesbania sesban and carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds and their extract on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Science Technology 147(1-3): 72-89.
- Goering HK, Van Soest PJ 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications).In: Agricultural Handbook No. 379. USDA-ARS, Washington, DC, USA
- Jayanegara A, Wina E, Soliva CR, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. 2011. Dependence of forage quality and methanogenic potential of tropical plants on their phenolic fractions as determined by principal component analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 163(2- 4): 231-243.
- Jayanegara A, Wina E, Takahashi J. 2014. Meta-analysis on methane mitigating properties of saponin-rich sources in the rumen: Influence of addition levels and plant sources. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 27(10):1426-1435.
- Johnson KA, Johnson DE 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73: 2483-2492.
- Kara K 2015. In vitro methane production and quality of corn silage treated with maleic Acid. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14:718-722.
- Kilic, U, Kurt D, Aytac S, Ayan AK. 2019. A study on the feed value, in vitro digestibilities and methane production of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) field waste. Progress in Nutrition, 21(2):449-452.
- Kumar R, Singh M 1984. Tannins: their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32:447-453.
- Leng R.A. 1993. Quantitative ruminant nutrient-A gren science. Australian Journal of. Agricultural Science, 44: 363-380.
- Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J, Negi SS 1983. Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 53: 1057-1063.
- Lopez S, Makkar HPS, Soliva CR 2010. Screening plants and plant products for methane inhibitors. In: Vercoe PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink A, (Eds): In vitro screening of plant resources for extra nutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologies. London, New York, pp. 191-231.
- Luske B, Meir I, Kondylis A, Roelen S, Ekeren N 2017. Online fodder tree database for Europe. Louis Bolk Institute and Stitching Duinboeren, the Netherlands, http://www.voederbomen.nl/nutritionalvalues/
- Makkar HPS, Blümmel M, Becker K 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. British Journal of Nutrition, 73 (6): 897-913.
- Makkar HPS, Singh B, Negi SS 1989. Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Animal Production, 49: 299-303.
- Meale SJ, Chaves AV, Baah J, McAllister TA 2012. Methane production of different forages in vitro ruminal fermentation. -Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 25(1): 86-91.
- Menke K.H. and Steingass H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development, 28: 7-55.
- Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb), 93:217–222..
- NRC 2001. National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, seventh ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
- Roder W 1983. Willow (Salix babylonica).A fodder to rely on. Bhutan Journal of Animal Husbandry, 4:7-9.
- Sallama SMA, Abdelgaleilb SAM, Buenoc ICS, Nassera MEA, Araujod RC, Abdallac AL 2011. Effect of some essential oils on in vitro methane emission Archives of Animal Nutrition, 65(3): 203–214.
- Singleton VL 1981. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Advances in Food Research, 27:149-242.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Ocak 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 13 Mart 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |
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