Biberiye Yaprağı Ekstraktının Yonca Otunun Rumen Fermentasyonu, Metan ve Mikrobiyal Protein Üretimine Etkisi
Öz
Bu çalışma biberiye yapraklarından elde edilen ekstraktın yonca otunun in vitro metan (CH4) üretimine, gerçek sindirim derecesine (GSD), taksimat faktörüne (TF), mikrobiyal proteinine(MP) ve mikrobiyal proteinin sentezleme etkinliğine (MPSE) etkisini saptamak için düzenlenmiştir. Biberiye ekstraktı yonca otunun in vitro gaz, CH4, GSD, TF, MP ile MPSE değerlerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir (P<0.001). Yonca otunun in vitro gaz üretimi 92.80 ml ile 109.16 ml/500 mg kuru madde (KM) arasında değişmiştir. Ağustos ayında hasat edilen biberiye ekstraktı ve kurutularak ekstraksiyon yapılan grup hariç diğer gruplarda in vitro gaz üretimini önemli düzeyde artırmıştır (P<0.001). Biberiye ekstraktı CH4 üretimini hem ml, hem de % olarak önemli derecede artırmış ve sırasıyla; 14.66-25.36 ml ile %15.76- %25.36 arasında saptanmıştır. Biberiye ekstraktı yonca otunun GSD’ni önemli derecede düşürmüş ve GSD %67.07-%72.50 arasında bulunmuştur. Biberiye ekstraktı ilavesi mikrobiyal protein üretimini ve sentezleme etkinliğini önemli derecede azaltmıştır (P<0.001). Mikrobiyal protein üretimi 85.56 mg ile 140.20 mg arasında olmuştur. Eylül ayında elde edilmiş taze biberiye ekstraksiyonu en düşük MP ve MPSE neden olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç olarak biberiye ekstraktının mikrobiyal protein, sindirim derecesi ve CH4 üretimindeki olumsuz etkisinden dolayı ruminant rasyonlarında kullanımı önerilmemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Agarwal N, Kamra DN, Chaudhary LC, Patra AK 2006. Effect of Sapindus mukorossi Extract on in vitro methogenesis and fermentation characteristics in buffalo rumen liquor. J Appl Anim Res 30:1-4.
- Referans2 Agarwal N, Shekhar C, Kumar R, Chaudhary LC, Kamra DN 2009. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim Feed Sci Technol 148(2-4): 321-327.
- Referans3 AOAC 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA
- Referans4 Blümmel M, Makkar HPS, Chisanga G, Mtimuni J, Becker K 1997. The prediction of dry matter intake of temperate and tropical roughages from in vitro digestibility gas-production data, and the dry matter intake and in vitro digestibility of African roughages in relation to ruminant liveweight gain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 69(1-3): 131-141.
- Referans5 Bodas R, Prieto N, Garcia-Gonzalez R, Andres S, Giraldez FJ, Lopez S 2012. Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol 176 (1-4): 78– 93.
- Referans6 Cieslak A, Zmora P, Matkowski A, Nawrot-Hadzik I, Pers-Kamezyc E, El-Sherbiny M, Bryszak M, Szumacher-Strabel M 2016. Tannins from Sanguisorba officinalis affect in vitro rumen methane production and fermentation. J Anim Plant Sci J Anim Plant Sci 26(1):54-62.
- Referans7 Damianova S, Tasheva S, Stoyanova A, Damianov D. 2013 Investigation of extract from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) for apllication in cosmetics. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants13(1):1-11.
- Referans8 Getachew G, Blümmel M, Makkar HPS, Becker K 1998. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 72:261-281.
- Referans9 Goel G, Makkar HP, Becker K 2008. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane Anim Feed Sci Technol 147(1-3): 72-89.
- Referans10 Jayanegara A, Goel G, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2015. Diverge between prufied hydrolysable and condensed tannin effects on methane emission, rumen fermentation and microbial population in in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 209:60-68.
- Referans11 Jonhson KA, Jonhson DE 1995. Methane emission from cattle. J Anim Sci 73:2483-2492.
- Referans12 Kamalak A, Canbolat Ö, Özkan ÇÖ, Atalay A 2011 Effect of thymol on in vitro gas production, digestibility and metabolizable energy content of alfalfa hay. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 17(2): 211-216.
- Referans13 Knapp JR, Laur GL, Vadas PA, Weiss WP, Tricarico JM, 2014. Enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. J Dairy Sci 97:3231-3261.
- Referans14 Leahy SC, Kelly WJ, Altermann E, Ronimus RS, Yeoman CJ, Pacheco DM, Li D, Kong Z, McTavish S, Sang C, Lambie SC, Janssen PH, Dey D, Attwood GT 2010. The genome sequence of the rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminant methane emissions. PLos One 5: e0008926.
- Referans15 Patra AK, Kamra DN, Agarwal N 2006. Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim Feed Sci Technol 128(3-4): 276-291.
- Referans16 Patra AK, Kamra DN, Agarwal N 2010. Effects of extracts of spices on rumen methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feeds in vitro. J Sci Food Agric 90: 511-520.
- Referans17 Poulsen M, Jensen BB, and Engberg RM, 2012. The effect of pectin, corn and wheat starch, inulin and pH on in vitro production of methane, short chain fatty acids and on the microbial community composition in rumen fluid. Anaerobe, 18(1): 83-90.
- Referans18 Salem AZM, Olivares M, Lopez S, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Rojo R, Camacho LM, Cerrillo SMA, Mejia HP 2011. Effect of natural extracts of Salix babylonica and Leucaena leucocephala on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 170(1-2): 27-34.
- Referans19 Salem AZM. 2012. Oral administration of leaf extract to rumen liquid donor lambs modifdies in vitro gas production of other tree leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 176:94-101.
- Referans20 Sinz S, Marquardt S, Soliva CR, Braun U, Liesegang A, Kreuzer M 2019. Phenolic plant extracts are additive in their effects against in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Asian-Ausral J Anim Sci 32(7):966-976.
- Referans21 Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. 1967. Statistical Methots. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
- Referans22 Statistica 1996. Minitab Inc: Minitab for Windows, Release 11.1. Minitab Inc., State College, 3081 Enterprise Drive, PA 16801-3008, USA.
- Referans23 Van Soest PV, Robertson JB, Lewis B 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Referans24 Van Nevel CJ, Demeyer DI 1996. Control of rumen methanogenesis. Environ Monit Assess 42:73-97.
- Referans25 Wina E, Muetzel S, Hoffman E, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2005 Saponins containing methanol extract of Sapindus rarak affect microbial fermentation, microbial activity and microbial community structure in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 121:159-174.
- Referans26 Van Lier JB, Mahmoud N, Zeeman G 2008. Anarobic Wastewater Treatment. pp.401-442. Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modeling and Design. Edit. Henze M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ekama GA, Brdjanovic D. IWA Publishing, London UK.
Öz
ABSTRACT
The current experiment was conducted to determine the effect of rosemary extract on in vitro methane production, tru digestibility, partitioning factor, microbial protein and efficiency of microbial protein production of alfalfa hay. Rosemary extract significantly (P<0.001) affected the in vitro gas production, methane production, true digestibility, partitioning factor, microbial protein and efficiency of microbial protein of alfalfa hay (P<0.001). The gas production ranged from 92.80 ml to 109.16 ml/500 mg dry matter. The gas production significantly increased with supplementation of rosemary extract except for that supplemented with dry rosemary extract obtained by drying and that in August(P<0.001). The highest gas production was obtained in that group supplemented with fresh rosemary extract obtained in September. Rosemary extract significantly increased the methane production in both ml or %. The methane production in both ml and % ranged from 14.66 to 25.36 ml and % 15.76 to 25.36 respectively. Rosemary extract significantly decreased true digestibility of alfalfa hay. The true digestibility ranged from % 67.07 to 72.50. Supplementation of rosemary extract significantly decreased microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein production. Microbial protein ranged from 85.56 to 140.20 mg. The lowest microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein production were obtained in that group supplemented with fresh rosemary extract obtained in September. As a conclusion, rosemary extract is suggested to use in ruminant diets to manipulate the ruminal fermentation due to negative effect on microbial production, digestibility and methane production.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Rosemary extract gas production microbial protein digestibility
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Agarwal N, Kamra DN, Chaudhary LC, Patra AK 2006. Effect of Sapindus mukorossi Extract on in vitro methogenesis and fermentation characteristics in buffalo rumen liquor. J Appl Anim Res 30:1-4.
- Referans2 Agarwal N, Shekhar C, Kumar R, Chaudhary LC, Kamra DN 2009. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim Feed Sci Technol 148(2-4): 321-327.
- Referans3 AOAC 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA
- Referans4 Blümmel M, Makkar HPS, Chisanga G, Mtimuni J, Becker K 1997. The prediction of dry matter intake of temperate and tropical roughages from in vitro digestibility gas-production data, and the dry matter intake and in vitro digestibility of African roughages in relation to ruminant liveweight gain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 69(1-3): 131-141.
- Referans5 Bodas R, Prieto N, Garcia-Gonzalez R, Andres S, Giraldez FJ, Lopez S 2012. Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol 176 (1-4): 78– 93.
- Referans6 Cieslak A, Zmora P, Matkowski A, Nawrot-Hadzik I, Pers-Kamezyc E, El-Sherbiny M, Bryszak M, Szumacher-Strabel M 2016. Tannins from Sanguisorba officinalis affect in vitro rumen methane production and fermentation. J Anim Plant Sci J Anim Plant Sci 26(1):54-62.
- Referans7 Damianova S, Tasheva S, Stoyanova A, Damianov D. 2013 Investigation of extract from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) for apllication in cosmetics. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants13(1):1-11.
- Referans8 Getachew G, Blümmel M, Makkar HPS, Becker K 1998. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 72:261-281.
- Referans9 Goel G, Makkar HP, Becker K 2008. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane Anim Feed Sci Technol 147(1-3): 72-89.
- Referans10 Jayanegara A, Goel G, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2015. Diverge between prufied hydrolysable and condensed tannin effects on methane emission, rumen fermentation and microbial population in in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 209:60-68.
- Referans11 Jonhson KA, Jonhson DE 1995. Methane emission from cattle. J Anim Sci 73:2483-2492.
- Referans12 Kamalak A, Canbolat Ö, Özkan ÇÖ, Atalay A 2011 Effect of thymol on in vitro gas production, digestibility and metabolizable energy content of alfalfa hay. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 17(2): 211-216.
- Referans13 Knapp JR, Laur GL, Vadas PA, Weiss WP, Tricarico JM, 2014. Enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. J Dairy Sci 97:3231-3261.
- Referans14 Leahy SC, Kelly WJ, Altermann E, Ronimus RS, Yeoman CJ, Pacheco DM, Li D, Kong Z, McTavish S, Sang C, Lambie SC, Janssen PH, Dey D, Attwood GT 2010. The genome sequence of the rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminant methane emissions. PLos One 5: e0008926.
- Referans15 Patra AK, Kamra DN, Agarwal N 2006. Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim Feed Sci Technol 128(3-4): 276-291.
- Referans16 Patra AK, Kamra DN, Agarwal N 2010. Effects of extracts of spices on rumen methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feeds in vitro. J Sci Food Agric 90: 511-520.
- Referans17 Poulsen M, Jensen BB, and Engberg RM, 2012. The effect of pectin, corn and wheat starch, inulin and pH on in vitro production of methane, short chain fatty acids and on the microbial community composition in rumen fluid. Anaerobe, 18(1): 83-90.
- Referans18 Salem AZM, Olivares M, Lopez S, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Rojo R, Camacho LM, Cerrillo SMA, Mejia HP 2011. Effect of natural extracts of Salix babylonica and Leucaena leucocephala on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 170(1-2): 27-34.
- Referans19 Salem AZM. 2012. Oral administration of leaf extract to rumen liquid donor lambs modifdies in vitro gas production of other tree leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 176:94-101.
- Referans20 Sinz S, Marquardt S, Soliva CR, Braun U, Liesegang A, Kreuzer M 2019. Phenolic plant extracts are additive in their effects against in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Asian-Ausral J Anim Sci 32(7):966-976.
- Referans21 Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. 1967. Statistical Methots. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
- Referans22 Statistica 1996. Minitab Inc: Minitab for Windows, Release 11.1. Minitab Inc., State College, 3081 Enterprise Drive, PA 16801-3008, USA.
- Referans23 Van Soest PV, Robertson JB, Lewis B 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Referans24 Van Nevel CJ, Demeyer DI 1996. Control of rumen methanogenesis. Environ Monit Assess 42:73-97.
- Referans25 Wina E, Muetzel S, Hoffman E, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2005 Saponins containing methanol extract of Sapindus rarak affect microbial fermentation, microbial activity and microbial community structure in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 121:159-174.
- Referans26 Van Lier JB, Mahmoud N, Zeeman G 2008. Anarobic Wastewater Treatment. pp.401-442. Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modeling and Design. Edit. Henze M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ekama GA, Brdjanovic D. IWA Publishing, London UK.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 26 Nisan 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Haziran 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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