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Evaluation of Method Performance and Biological Variations for Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Plant Extracts: A Method Validation Study

Yıl 2022, , 965 - 973, 31.10.2022

Erkan Öner , Ergul Belge Kurutas , İlter Demirhan , Meltem Güngör

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.997048

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine biological variations and analytical quality specifications to evaluate the acceptability of method performance for oxidative stress biomarkers in Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) and Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) plant extracts. Silybum marianum and Artemisia absinthium were used in the study. Samples were taken from plants on the zero, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 15th and 30th days. Index of individuality (II) and reference change value (RCV) were calculated from within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) variations. Moreover, imprecision, bias and total error were calculated as analytical quality specifications. Oxidative stress biomarkers [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] in plant extracts were measured as spectrophotometric methods. Compared to Artemisia absinthium, higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and lower MDA levels in Silybum marianum were found in our study (p<0.05). MDA in plants showed low individuality, and CVI of MDA were larger than CVG. However, CAT and SOD in plants showed strong individuality, but CVI of them were smaller than CVG. CAT and SOD except, RCVs of MDA analyte were relatively higher, because of high CVI, resulting in a higher RCV. Also, the described methodology achieves these goals, with analytical CVs of < 3.5% for all analytes. Goals for bias and total error were 11.2-25.2% and 8.93-27.6%, respectively. The RCV concept for predicting that the plant is diseased by some causative agent resulting in an abnormal physiological process can be a valuable tool in demonstrating laboratory optimization. Moreover, desirable precision targets based on biological variation for measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers in plants can be achieved with current methodologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Method Performance Biological Variations Artemisia absinthium Silybum marianum Silybum marianum Silybum marianum Silybum marianum Silybum marianum

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak S, Sağdıç O, Aksoy A 2015. Bitkisel Ürünlerin Ve Gıdaların Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Türkiye VI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Eylül 2015, Antalya. Derleme Sunusu Cilt I, s, 465-470.
  • Attia H, Karray N, Lachaa M 2009. Light Interacts With Salt Stress In Regulating Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression In Arabidopsis. Plant Science 177: 161–7.
  • Antweiler H 1980. Effects of Silymarin on Intoxication With Ethionine and Ethanol. In Braatz and Schneider, November 1980, Cologne.
  • Anonim 2019. Yem Bitkileri Üretimi, 1998-2018. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=61. (Alınma Tarihi: 20.02.2021).
  • Anonymous 2004. Basis of Design and Actions on Structures (EN 1991-1-4), General Actions Part 1-3: Snow Loads. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels.
  • Azevedo RA, Alas RM, Smith RJ, Lea PA 1998. Response Of Antioxidant Enzymes To Transfer From Elevated Carbon Dioxide To Air And Ozone Fumigation, In Leaves And Roots Of Wild-Type And Catalase deficient Mutant Of Barley. Physiologica Plantarum 104: 280-92
  • Azpilicueta CE, Benavides MP, Tomaro ML, Gallego SM 2007. Mechanism Of CATA3 Induction By Cadmium In Sunflower Leaves. Plant Physiolgy and Biochemistry 45: 589-95.
  • Büyük I, Soydam S, Aras S 2012. Bitkilerin Stres Koşullarına Verdiği Moleküler Cevaplar. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 69(2): 97-110.
  • Çokluk E 2019. Klinik Biyokimyada Biyolojik Varyasyon: Referans Değişim Değeri Ve Bireysellik Indeksi. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 10: 526-532.
  • Demirhan İ, Güngör M, Kurutaş EB, Özyurt M 2021. Kahramanmaraş'ta Yaygın Olarak Tüketilen Polifenol Yönünden Zengin Çoban Çökerten (Tribulus Terrestris) ve Çoban Çantası (Capsella Bursa-Postaris) Bitkilerin Antioksidan Gücünün Karşılaştırılması: in Vitro Çalışma. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24 (6): 1154-1160.
  • Dogru A 2020. Bitkilerde Aktif Oksijen Türleri ve Oksidatif Stres. Biotechnology 3: 205-226.
  • Edreva A 1998. Stres Physiology, Definition And Concepts Of Stres. Classification Of Stress Factors, Approaches Applied In Stress Research. Bitkilerde Stres Fizyolojisinin Moleküler Temelleri Sempozyumu. İzmir-EBİLTEM, Bornova, 22-26 Haziran 1998.
  • EURACHEM (1998). The Fithness For Purpose Of Analytical Methods. EURACHEM Guide
  • FDA (2013). Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM).
  • Fridovich I 1974. Superoxide Radical and Superoxide Dismutases. Annual Review of Biochemistry 64(1): 97-112.
  • Fridovich I 1986. Biological Effect Of Superoxide Radical. Archives Biochemistry and Biophysics 247: 1-11.
  • Fraser CG 2001. Biological Variation: From Principles To Practice. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry Press.
  • Fraser CG 2004. Inherent Biological Variation And Reference Values. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 42: 758-764.
  • Fraser CG 2014. Are “Scientific Statements” The Scientific Truth?-http://www.westgrad.com/ biodatabase1.htm, accessed January 1.
  • Fraser CG 1994. Data On Biological Variation: Essential Prerequisites For Introducing New Prosedures? Clinical Chemistry 40: 1671-1673.
  • Frugoli JA, Zhong HH, Nuccio ML, McCourt P, McPeek MA, et al. 1996. Catalase Is Encoded By A Multigene Family In Arabidopsis Thaliana (L.). Plant Physiology 1996; 112: 327-36.
  • Gapinska M, Sklodowska M, Gabara B 2008. Effect Of Short- And Long-Term Salinity On The Activities Of Antioxidative Enzymes And Lipid Peroxidation In Tomato Roots. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 30: 11-8.
  • Gaur A, Grupa SK 1994. Lipid Components Of Mustard Seeds (Brassica Juncea L.) As Influenced By Cadmium Levels. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 46: 93-102
  • Gıda ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü 2018. Kimyasal Ve Fiziksel Analizlerde Metot Validasyonu/Verifikasyonu Rehberi. Nisan.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge MC 1999. Free Radical and Other Reactive Species and Disease. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 639-46.
  • Harinasut P, Poonsopa D, Roengmongkol K, Charoensataporn R 2003. Salinity Effects On Antioxidant Enzymes In Mulberry Cultivar. ScienceAsia - Journal of The Science Society of Thailand 29:109-13.
  • Hurşitoğlu O, Orhan FÖ, Kurutaş EB, Doğaner A, Durmuş HT, Kopar H 2021. Diagnostic Performance of Increased Malondialdehyde Level and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Schizophrenia. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 58:184-188.
  • Krupa Z, Baszynski T. 1989. Acyl Lipid Composition Of Thylakoid Membranes Of Cadmium–Treated Tomato Plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 11: 111-6
  • Kukreja S, Nandval AS, Kumar N, Sharma SK, Sharma SK, Unvi V, et al. 2005. Plant Water Status, H2O2 Scavenging Enzymes, Ethylene Evolution And Membrane Integrity Of Cicer Arietinum Roots As Affected By Salinity. Biologia Plantarum 49: 305-8.
  • Kurutas EB, Aksan ME, Miraloglu M 2014. Evaluation of reference values and biological variations for neuron-specific enolase in sterile human urine. Adv Lab Med In, 4: 64 - 72.
  • Kurutas EB, Gumusalan Y, Cetinkaya A, Dogan E 2015a. Evaluation Of Method Performance For Oxidative Stress In Urine And Biological Variations In Urine Of Patients With Type 2 Diatebetes Mellitus And Diabetic Nephropathy. Biological Procedures Online 17:3.
  • Kurutas EB, Gul S 2015b. Biological Variation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Lactic Dehydrogenase in Mice. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 21: 299-305.
  • Kurutas EB 2016. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J 25;15:71.
  • Kurutas EB, Sahan A, Altun T 2009. Oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and gill tissues of Spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi lortet, 1894) living in Ceyhan river, Adana-Turkey. Turk J Biol 33: 275-82.
  • Kurutas EB, Ciragil P, Gul M, Kilinc M 2005. The effects of oxidative stress in urinary tract infection. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005: 242-4.
  • Kurutas EB, Arican O, Sasmaz S 2005. Superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in acne vulgaris. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 14:39-42.
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenyl reagent. J Biochem 193: 265–75.
  • Malik D, Sbeoran IS, Singh R 1992. Carbon Metabolism Of Cadmium Treated Wheat Seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 30(2): 223–9.
  • Nouairi I, Ben Ammar W, Ben Youssef N, Ben Miled Daoud D, Habib Ghorbal M, et al. 2006. Comparative Study Of Cadmium Effects On Membrane Lipid Composition Of Brassica Juncea And Brassica Napus Leaves. Plant Science 170: 511-9
  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K 1979. Assay For Lipid Peroxides in Animal Tissues By Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 95(2): 351-358.
  • Ozyurt M, Kopar H, Özyurt S, Demirhan İ, Kurutas EB 2021. Menengiç, Işgın ve Çiriş Otu’nda Antioksidan Aktivitenin Araştırılması. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24: 733-737.
  • Petersen PH, Fraser CG, Jorgensen L, Brandslund I, Stahl M, Gowans E, et al. 2002. Combination of analytical quality specifications based on biological within and between-subject variation. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 39: 543-550.
  • Polle A, Chakrabarti K, Chakrabarti S, Seifert F, Schramel P, Rennenberg H 1992. Antioxidants And Manganese Deficiency In Needles Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies L.) Trees. Plant Physiology 99: 1084-9.
  • Quariti O, Boussama N, Zarrouk M, Cherif A, Ghorbal MH 1997. Cadmium- And Copperinduced Changes In Tomato Membrane Lipids. Phytochemistry 45: 1343-50.
  • Ricos C, Cava F, Garcia-Lario JV, Hernandez A, Iglesias N, Jimenez CV, et al. 2004. The Reference Change Value: A Proposal To Interpret Laboratory Reports In Serial Testing Based On Biological Variation. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 64:175-184.
  • Scandalios JG 1993. Oxygen Stress And Superoxide Dismutase. Plant Physiology 101: 7-12.
  • Somogyi, A, Rosta, K, Pusztai, P, Tulassay Z. and Nagy, G 2007. Antioxidant measurements, Physiological. Measurement 28: 41–55.
  • Ursula GB, Francis B, 2011. Characterisation of within-batch and between-batch variability in microbial counts in foods using Poisson-gamma and Poisson-lognormal regression models. Food Control 22: 1268-1278.
  • Vassilev A 2004. Cadmium-Induced Changes In Chloroplast Lipids And Photosystem Activities In Barley Plants. Biologia Plantarum 48: 153-6.
  • Yılmaz A 2012. Kimyasal Analizlerde Metod Validasyonu ve Verifikasyonu. TURKLAB Rehber, No:01.
  • Yücel D 2014. Pratik Metot Validasyonu ve Verifikasyonu. Ankara.
  • Yücel D 2019. Laboratuvar Kalite Yönetim Sistem El Kitabı. Türk Biyokimya Derneği, ISBN 978-605-87229-7-2

Bitki Ekstrelerinde Oksidatif Stres Biyobelirteçleri için Yöntem Performansının Değerlendirilmesi ve Biyolojik Varyasyonlar: Metot Validasyon Çalışması

Yıl 2022, , 965 - 973, 31.10.2022

Erkan Öner , Ergul Belge Kurutas , İlter Demirhan , Meltem Güngör

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.997048

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bitki ekstrelerinde oksidatif stres biyobelirteçleri için yöntem performansının kabul edilebilirliğini değerlendirmek için biyolojik varyasyonlar ve analitik kalite spesifikasyonlarının saptanması amaçlandı. Araştırmada Silybum marianum (Deve Dikeni) ve Artemisia absinthium (Pelin Otu) kullanıldı. Bitkilerden 0.,1., 3., 5., 7., 15. ve 30. günlerde örnekler alındı. Bitki ekstrelerinde oksidatif stres biyobelirteçleri [katalaz (CAT) superoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve malondialdehit (MDA)] spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle ölçüldü. Her bir bitkinin kendi-içinde (CVI) ve bitkiler-arası (CVG) varyasyonlarından bireysellik indeksi (Bİ) ve referans değişim değeri (RDD) hesaplandı. Ayrıca analitik kalite spesifikasyonları olarak impresizyon, bias ve toplam hata hesaplandı. Çalışmamızda, Artemisia absinthium’a kıyasla Silybum marianum'da daha yüksek antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri (SOD ve CAT) ve daha düşük MDA düzeyleri tespit edildi (p<0.05). Bitkilerde MDA düşük bireysellik gösterdi ve MDA'nın CVI'sı CVG'den daha büyüktü. Bununla birlikte, CAT ve SOD güçlü bir bireysellik gösterdi, ancak bitkilerdeki CVI'ları CVG'lerden daha küçüktü. CAT ve SOD dışında, MDA analitinin RDD'leri, yüksek CVI nedeniyle nispeten daha yüksekti ve bu da daha yüksek bir RDD ile sonuçlandı. Ayrıca açıklanan metodoloji, tüm analitler için <%3.5 analitik CV ile bu hedeflere ulaşır. Bias ve toplam hata hedefleri sırasıyla %11.2-25.2 ve %8.93-27.6 idi. Bitkinin anormal bir fizyolojik süreçle sonuçlanan bazı nedensel ajanlar tarafından hastalandığını tahmin etmeye yönelik RDD konsepti, laboratuvar optimizasyonunu göstermede değerli bir araç olabilir. Ayrıca, bitkilerde oksidatif stres biyobelirteçlerinin ölçümleri için biyolojik varyasyona dayalı istenen kesinlik hedefleri, mevcut metodolojilerle elde edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oksidatif Stres Biyobelirteçleri Yöntem performansı Biyolojik Varyasyonlar Artemisia absinthium; Silybum marianum

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak S, Sağdıç O, Aksoy A 2015. Bitkisel Ürünlerin Ve Gıdaların Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Türkiye VI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Eylül 2015, Antalya. Derleme Sunusu Cilt I, s, 465-470.
  • Attia H, Karray N, Lachaa M 2009. Light Interacts With Salt Stress In Regulating Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression In Arabidopsis. Plant Science 177: 161–7.
  • Antweiler H 1980. Effects of Silymarin on Intoxication With Ethionine and Ethanol. In Braatz and Schneider, November 1980, Cologne.
  • Anonim 2019. Yem Bitkileri Üretimi, 1998-2018. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=61. (Alınma Tarihi: 20.02.2021).
  • Anonymous 2004. Basis of Design and Actions on Structures (EN 1991-1-4), General Actions Part 1-3: Snow Loads. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels.
  • Azevedo RA, Alas RM, Smith RJ, Lea PA 1998. Response Of Antioxidant Enzymes To Transfer From Elevated Carbon Dioxide To Air And Ozone Fumigation, In Leaves And Roots Of Wild-Type And Catalase deficient Mutant Of Barley. Physiologica Plantarum 104: 280-92
  • Azpilicueta CE, Benavides MP, Tomaro ML, Gallego SM 2007. Mechanism Of CATA3 Induction By Cadmium In Sunflower Leaves. Plant Physiolgy and Biochemistry 45: 589-95.
  • Büyük I, Soydam S, Aras S 2012. Bitkilerin Stres Koşullarına Verdiği Moleküler Cevaplar. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 69(2): 97-110.
  • Çokluk E 2019. Klinik Biyokimyada Biyolojik Varyasyon: Referans Değişim Değeri Ve Bireysellik Indeksi. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 10: 526-532.
  • Demirhan İ, Güngör M, Kurutaş EB, Özyurt M 2021. Kahramanmaraş'ta Yaygın Olarak Tüketilen Polifenol Yönünden Zengin Çoban Çökerten (Tribulus Terrestris) ve Çoban Çantası (Capsella Bursa-Postaris) Bitkilerin Antioksidan Gücünün Karşılaştırılması: in Vitro Çalışma. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24 (6): 1154-1160.
  • Dogru A 2020. Bitkilerde Aktif Oksijen Türleri ve Oksidatif Stres. Biotechnology 3: 205-226.
  • Edreva A 1998. Stres Physiology, Definition And Concepts Of Stres. Classification Of Stress Factors, Approaches Applied In Stress Research. Bitkilerde Stres Fizyolojisinin Moleküler Temelleri Sempozyumu. İzmir-EBİLTEM, Bornova, 22-26 Haziran 1998.
  • EURACHEM (1998). The Fithness For Purpose Of Analytical Methods. EURACHEM Guide
  • FDA (2013). Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM).
  • Fridovich I 1974. Superoxide Radical and Superoxide Dismutases. Annual Review of Biochemistry 64(1): 97-112.
  • Fridovich I 1986. Biological Effect Of Superoxide Radical. Archives Biochemistry and Biophysics 247: 1-11.
  • Fraser CG 2001. Biological Variation: From Principles To Practice. Washington DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry Press.
  • Fraser CG 2004. Inherent Biological Variation And Reference Values. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 42: 758-764.
  • Fraser CG 2014. Are “Scientific Statements” The Scientific Truth?-http://www.westgrad.com/ biodatabase1.htm, accessed January 1.
  • Fraser CG 1994. Data On Biological Variation: Essential Prerequisites For Introducing New Prosedures? Clinical Chemistry 40: 1671-1673.
  • Frugoli JA, Zhong HH, Nuccio ML, McCourt P, McPeek MA, et al. 1996. Catalase Is Encoded By A Multigene Family In Arabidopsis Thaliana (L.). Plant Physiology 1996; 112: 327-36.
  • Gapinska M, Sklodowska M, Gabara B 2008. Effect Of Short- And Long-Term Salinity On The Activities Of Antioxidative Enzymes And Lipid Peroxidation In Tomato Roots. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 30: 11-8.
  • Gaur A, Grupa SK 1994. Lipid Components Of Mustard Seeds (Brassica Juncea L.) As Influenced By Cadmium Levels. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 46: 93-102
  • Gıda ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü 2018. Kimyasal Ve Fiziksel Analizlerde Metot Validasyonu/Verifikasyonu Rehberi. Nisan.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge MC 1999. Free Radical and Other Reactive Species and Disease. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 639-46.
  • Harinasut P, Poonsopa D, Roengmongkol K, Charoensataporn R 2003. Salinity Effects On Antioxidant Enzymes In Mulberry Cultivar. ScienceAsia - Journal of The Science Society of Thailand 29:109-13.
  • Hurşitoğlu O, Orhan FÖ, Kurutaş EB, Doğaner A, Durmuş HT, Kopar H 2021. Diagnostic Performance of Increased Malondialdehyde Level and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Schizophrenia. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 58:184-188.
  • Krupa Z, Baszynski T. 1989. Acyl Lipid Composition Of Thylakoid Membranes Of Cadmium–Treated Tomato Plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 11: 111-6
  • Kukreja S, Nandval AS, Kumar N, Sharma SK, Sharma SK, Unvi V, et al. 2005. Plant Water Status, H2O2 Scavenging Enzymes, Ethylene Evolution And Membrane Integrity Of Cicer Arietinum Roots As Affected By Salinity. Biologia Plantarum 49: 305-8.
  • Kurutas EB, Aksan ME, Miraloglu M 2014. Evaluation of reference values and biological variations for neuron-specific enolase in sterile human urine. Adv Lab Med In, 4: 64 - 72.
  • Kurutas EB, Gumusalan Y, Cetinkaya A, Dogan E 2015a. Evaluation Of Method Performance For Oxidative Stress In Urine And Biological Variations In Urine Of Patients With Type 2 Diatebetes Mellitus And Diabetic Nephropathy. Biological Procedures Online 17:3.
  • Kurutas EB, Gul S 2015b. Biological Variation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Lactic Dehydrogenase in Mice. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 21: 299-305.
  • Kurutas EB 2016. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J 25;15:71.
  • Kurutas EB, Sahan A, Altun T 2009. Oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and gill tissues of Spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi lortet, 1894) living in Ceyhan river, Adana-Turkey. Turk J Biol 33: 275-82.
  • Kurutas EB, Ciragil P, Gul M, Kilinc M 2005. The effects of oxidative stress in urinary tract infection. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005: 242-4.
  • Kurutas EB, Arican O, Sasmaz S 2005. Superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in acne vulgaris. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 14:39-42.
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenyl reagent. J Biochem 193: 265–75.
  • Malik D, Sbeoran IS, Singh R 1992. Carbon Metabolism Of Cadmium Treated Wheat Seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 30(2): 223–9.
  • Nouairi I, Ben Ammar W, Ben Youssef N, Ben Miled Daoud D, Habib Ghorbal M, et al. 2006. Comparative Study Of Cadmium Effects On Membrane Lipid Composition Of Brassica Juncea And Brassica Napus Leaves. Plant Science 170: 511-9
  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K 1979. Assay For Lipid Peroxides in Animal Tissues By Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 95(2): 351-358.
  • Ozyurt M, Kopar H, Özyurt S, Demirhan İ, Kurutas EB 2021. Menengiç, Işgın ve Çiriş Otu’nda Antioksidan Aktivitenin Araştırılması. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24: 733-737.
  • Petersen PH, Fraser CG, Jorgensen L, Brandslund I, Stahl M, Gowans E, et al. 2002. Combination of analytical quality specifications based on biological within and between-subject variation. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 39: 543-550.
  • Polle A, Chakrabarti K, Chakrabarti S, Seifert F, Schramel P, Rennenberg H 1992. Antioxidants And Manganese Deficiency In Needles Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies L.) Trees. Plant Physiology 99: 1084-9.
  • Quariti O, Boussama N, Zarrouk M, Cherif A, Ghorbal MH 1997. Cadmium- And Copperinduced Changes In Tomato Membrane Lipids. Phytochemistry 45: 1343-50.
  • Ricos C, Cava F, Garcia-Lario JV, Hernandez A, Iglesias N, Jimenez CV, et al. 2004. The Reference Change Value: A Proposal To Interpret Laboratory Reports In Serial Testing Based On Biological Variation. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 64:175-184.
  • Scandalios JG 1993. Oxygen Stress And Superoxide Dismutase. Plant Physiology 101: 7-12.
  • Somogyi, A, Rosta, K, Pusztai, P, Tulassay Z. and Nagy, G 2007. Antioxidant measurements, Physiological. Measurement 28: 41–55.
  • Ursula GB, Francis B, 2011. Characterisation of within-batch and between-batch variability in microbial counts in foods using Poisson-gamma and Poisson-lognormal regression models. Food Control 22: 1268-1278.
  • Vassilev A 2004. Cadmium-Induced Changes In Chloroplast Lipids And Photosystem Activities In Barley Plants. Biologia Plantarum 48: 153-6.
  • Yılmaz A 2012. Kimyasal Analizlerde Metod Validasyonu ve Verifikasyonu. TURKLAB Rehber, No:01.
  • Yücel D 2014. Pratik Metot Validasyonu ve Verifikasyonu. Ankara.
  • Yücel D 2019. Laboratuvar Kalite Yönetim Sistem El Kitabı. Türk Biyokimya Derneği, ISBN 978-605-87229-7-2
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Erkan Öner 0000-0002-6332-6484

Ergul Belge Kurutas 0000-0002-6653-4801

İlter Demirhan 0000-0003-0054-7893

Meltem Güngör 0000-0002-8062-1610

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Eylül 2021
Kabul Tarihi 5 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Öner, E., Belge Kurutas, E., Demirhan, İ., Güngör, M. (2022). Bitki Ekstrelerinde Oksidatif Stres Biyobelirteçleri için Yöntem Performansının Değerlendirilmesi ve Biyolojik Varyasyonlar: Metot Validasyon Çalışması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(5), 965-973. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.997048

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