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Çeşit ve Hasat Dönemlerinin Yulaf Silajlarının Besin Değeri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 437 - 449, 30.04.2023

Numan Kılıçalp

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1050407

Abstract

Bu çalışma, yulaf (Avena sativa L.) çeşitlerinin (Kahraman ve Kırklar) farklı hasat dönemleri (çiçeklenme öncesi, ciçeklenme, süt olum, hamur olum) silajlarının yem değeri ve kuru maddenin (DM) rumende parçalanabilirlik özelliklerine olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütüldü. Tarla ve sindirilebilirlik denemeleri, 2016-2017 vejetasyon döneminde tesadüf bloklarında, 2x4 faktöryel deneme düzeninde yürütüldü. Silajların rumende sindirilebilirliği için üç baş, rumen kanüllü, ortalama 50±3 kg canlı ağırlığında ve 3 yaşında Karayaka koçlar kullanıldı. Deneme sonucunda Kahraman çeşidinin ham protein (CP) içeriğinin Kırklar çeşidine göre daha yüksek olduğu ve çeşitlerin CP içeriğinin çiçeklenme öncesi dönemden yumuşak hamur dönemine doğru azaldığı görüldü. Ayrıca yetiştirme döneminin ilerlemesi ile çeşitlerin nötral deterjan lif (NDF) içeriği arttı. Ayrıca Kırklar çeşidinin net enerji laktasyon (NEL) seviyesi Kahraman çeşidine göre daha yüksekti. Ancak, büyüme periyodunun ilerlemesi ile çeşitlerin NEL seviyeleri azaldı. Kahraman çeşidinin kuru madde ve ham proteinin suda çözünürlüğü, Kırklar çeşidinden daha yüksekti. Ayrıca, etkin kuru madde parçalanabilirliği (EKMP), her iki çeşitte de büyüme periyodu ile azaldı. Kahraman çeşidinin etkin ham protein parçalanabilirliği (EHPP) oranının Kırklar çeşidine göre daha yüksek olduğu ve yetiştirme döneminin ilerlemesiyle çeşitlerin EHPP oranının düştüğü görüldü. Sonuç olarak, Kahraman çeşidinin, rumende etkin KM ve HP sindirilebilirliklerinin daha yüksek olduğu, ayrıca, daha yüksek nispi yem değerine sahip olması nedeniyle Kırklar çeşidine göre daha fazla tercih edilebilir.

Keywords

Kimyasal kompozisyon Parçalanabilirlik özellikleri Hasat dönemi Besleme değeri Yulaf silajı

References

  • Ammar, H., López, S., & Andrés, S. (2010). Influence of Maturity Stage of Forage Grasses and Leguminous on Their Chemical Composition and İn Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility. In:Porqueddu C. (Ed.), Ríos S.(Ed.). The Contributions of Grasslands to The Conservation Of Mediterranean biodiversity. Zaragoza :CIHEAM / CIBIO /FAO / SEEP, p. 199-2 03 (Options Méditerranéennes :Série A. Sémin Aires Méditerranéens; n . 92 )
  • Anonymus, (2007a). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants (NRC). National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
  • Anonymus, (2007b). Official Method of Analysis (AOAC). Washington, DC. USA.
  • Anonymus, (2007c). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 20. Chicago.
  • Assefa, G. & Ledin, I. (2001). Effect of Variety, Soil Type and Fertilizer on the Establishment, Growth, Forage Yield, Quality and Voluntary İntake by Cattle of Oats and Vetches Cultivated in Pure Stands and Mixtures. Animal Feed Science Technology, 92, 95-111.
  • Aydoğan, S., Işık, Ş., Şahin, M., Akçacık, A. G., Hamzaoğlu, S., Doğan, Ş., Küçükcongar, M. & Ateş, S. (2014). The Effect of Different Form Times on the Nutrient Composition of Forage Crops. Selçuk Journal of Field Sciences, 1(2), 45-49.
  • Ayhan, V. Balabanlı, C., Avcıoğlu, R. & Ergül, M. (2004). Effects of Harvest Period on Yield and Nutrient Content in Some Legume Forage Crops. 4th National Animal Science Science Congress, Isparta. Turkey, 2004 p:2, 166-172,
  • Başbağ, M., Çaçan, E. & Sayar, M.S. (2018). Bazı Buğdaygil Bitki Türlerinin Yem Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Biplot Analiz Yöntemi ile Özelliklerarası İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi , 27 (2), 92−101.
  • Çeri, S. & Acar, R. (2019). Use of Cool Climate Cereals as Green and Dry Forage in Animal Feeding. Journal of Bahri Dagdas Crop Research, 8 (1), 178-194. Cherney, J.H. & Cherney, D.J.R. (2003). Assessing Silage Quality In: Buxton, D.R.; Muck, R.E.; Harrıson, J.H. (Eds.) Silage Science and Technology, Madison, 141-198.
  • Coblentz, W.K., Akins, M. S., Kalscheur, K. F., Brink, G. E, & Cavadini, J. S. (2018). Effects of Growth Stage and Growing Degree Day Accumulations on Triticale Forages: 1.Dry Matter Yield, Nutritive Value and İn Vitro Dry Matter Disappearance, Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 8965–8985.
  • David, D.B., Nörnberg, J. L., Azevedo, E.B., Brüning, G., Kessler, J.D. & Skonieski, F.R. (2010). Nutritional Value of Black and White Oat Cultivars Ensiled in Two Phenological Stages. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia, 39, 1409-1417.
  • Gökkuş, A., Parlak, A.Ö., Baytekin, H, & Hakyemez, B.H. (2013). Akdeniz Kuşağı Çalılık Meralarında Otsu Türlerin Mineral İçeriklerinin Değişimi. Tekirdag Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (1),1-10.
  • Güngör, H., Dokuyucu, T., Dumlupınar, Z. &Akkaya, A. (2017). Yulafta (Avena spp.) Tane Verimi ile Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkilerin Korelasyon ve Path Analizleriyle Saptanması. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (1),61-68.
  • Jaranyama, P. & Garcia, A.D. (2004). Understanding Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) College of Agric and Biological Science, South Dakota State University, USA,
  • Kafilzadeh, F. & Heidary, N. (2013). Chemical Composition, İn Vitro Digestibility and Kinetics of Fermentation of Whole-Crop Forage from 18 Different Varieties of Oat (Avenasativa L.). Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41(1), 61-68.
  • Karaman, R. Akün, İ. & Türkay, C. (2020). Alternative Food Source in Human Nutrition: Oat Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, 2(2), 78-85.
  • Khan, M., Sarwar, A.M., Nisa, M., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.S., Lee, W.S., Lee, H.J. & Kim, H. S. (2006). Chemical Composition, In situ Digestion Kinetics and Feeding Value of Oat Grass (Avena sativa) Ensiled with Molasses for Nili-Ravi Buffaloes. Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal. Science, 19(8), 1127 –1133.
  • Kim, W. H., Seo, S., Jeong, K. H., Kim, J. G., Shin, D. E. & Shin, J. S. (1999). Effects of Harvest Date and Cultivar on the Growth, Forage Yield and Quality of Spring Sown Oats at the Middle Mountain Area. Journal of Korean. Grassland. Science. 19,89-94.
  • Kim, J. D., Kim, S. G., Abuel, S. J., Kwon, C. H., Shin, C. N., Ko1, K. H. & Park, B. G. (2006). Effect of Location, Season, and Variety on Yield and Quality of Forage Oat. Asian-Australian. Journal of Animal Science, 19(7), 970 – 977.
  • Kılıçalp, N., Hızlı, H., Sümerli, M. & Avcı, M. (2018). In Situ Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Maize, Sorghum and Sorghum‐Sudan Grass Hybrids Silages as Affected by Stage of Maturity, Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(2), 231-239.
  • Lai, N.V. & Thu Huong, N. T. (1999). Comparison of the İn Sacco Rumen and Washing Loss Methods to Estimate the Potential Energetic Value for Livestock of Leaves from Tropical Trees, Shrubs and Crop Residues. Livestock Research. Rural Development, 11, 1-6.
  • Linn, J. G. & Martin, N.P. (1999). Forage Quality Tests and İnterpretations. Univ. of Minnesota Ext. Ser. Publ. FO-02637, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Pau.
  • Mazumder, M.A.R., Kumagaı, H. & Mıtanı, K. (2004). Diversity of Chemical Composition Dry Matter İntake, İn Vivo Digestibility and İn Situ Dry Matter Degradability of Oat Hay (Avena sativa). Animal Science Journal, 75, 333–338.
  • Mobashar, M., Tahir M., Javaid, S., Anjum, I.M., Gul, I., Ahmad, N. & Sami, S. (2018). Nutritional Evaluation of Various Stages of Maturity of Oat Hay and its Effect on Milk Production and Composition in Lactating Holstein Friesian Cows. Pakistan Journal of. Zoology., 50(6), 2209-2216.
  • Ørskov, E.R. & Mc Donald, I. (1979). The Estimation of Protein Degradability in the Rumen from İncubation Measurements Weighed According to Rate of Passage. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb.), 92, 499–503.
  • Rafiuddin, A.M., Javed, K., Jabbar, M.A., Shahıd, M.Q., Jan, P.S., Khan, M.A. & Ramzan, M.H. (2016). Impact of Flowerıng Stage on Nutrıtıve Value, Physıcal Qualıty and Digestıbılıty of Sılages Made from Cereal Fodders. Applıed Ecology and Envıronmental Research, 14(5), 149-157.
  • Rosser, C.L. (2014). Effect of the Maturıty at Harvest of Whole-Crop Barley and Oat on Dry Matter İntake, Forage Selectıon, and Digestıbılıty When Fed to Beef Cattle In the Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Master thesis).
  • Rosser, C.L., Górka, P., Beattie, A.D., Block, H.C., McKinnon, J.J., Lardner, H.A. & Penner, G.B. (2013). Effect of Maturity at Harvest on Yield, Chemical Composition and in-Situ Degradability for Annual Cereals Used for Swath Grazing. Journal of Animal Science, 91, 3815–3826.
  • Sarı, N. (2012). Between the Yield and Yield Components of Oats (Avena sativa l.) Relationships. Adnan Menderes University, Institute of Science, Aydın (Master's thesis).
  • Shoaib, M., Ayub, M., Shehzad, M., Akhtar, N., Tahir, M. & Arif, M. (2014). Dry Matter Yıeld and Forage Quality of Oat Barley and Canola Mıxture. Pakistan Journal Agricultural Science, 51, 433-439.
  • Strychar, R. (2011).World Oat Production, Trade, and Usage. In Oats: Chemistry and Technology, 2nd ed., pp. 77–94 Webster, FH and Wood, PJ, editors. Washington, DC.
  • Uzun, F. (2010). Changes in Hay Yield and Quality of Bulbous Barley at Different Phenological Stages. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Forest, 34, 1-9.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Robertson JB, & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for Dietary Fiber Neutral Detergent Fiber and Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  • Wallsten, J., & Martinsoon, K. (2009). Effects of Maturity Stage and Feeding Strategy of Whole Crop Barley Silageon Intake, Digestibility and Milk Production in Dairy Cows. Livestock Science, 121 (2), 155-161.
  • Zhang, X., Dong, S., Yun, X. & Hu, Z. (2007). Variation of Productivity and Nutritive Values of Oat(Avena sativa) with Geographical Locations in Gansu Province of Northwest China under İrrigation and Fertilization Conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(5), 553-560.

Cultivar and Harvest Stage Effects on Nutritive Value of Whole Crop Oat (Avena sativa L.) Silages

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 437 - 449, 30.04.2023

Numan Kılıçalp

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1050407

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feed value and dry matter (DM) on rumen degradability properties of silages of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars (Kahraman and Kırklar) at different harvest stages (pre-flowering, flowering, milk, soft dough). Field and digestibility trials were carried out in randomized blocks, in a 2x4 factorial trial design during the 2016-2017 vegetation period. For the rumen digestibility of silages, three heads of Karayaka rams with rumen cannulated, average 50±3 kg body weight and 3 years old were used. As a result of the experiment, It was observed that the crude protein (CP) level of Kahraman cultivar was higher than that of Kırklar cultivar, and the CP content of cultivars decreased from the pre-flowering period to the soft dough period. In addition, with the progress of the growing period, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the varieties increased. Also, the net energy lactation (NEL) level of Kırklar cultivar was higher than Kahraman cultivar. However, the NEL levels of the cultivars decreased with the progression of the growing period. The water solubility of DM and CP of Kahraman cultivar was higher than that of Kırklar cultivar. In addition, effective dry matter degradability (EDMD) decreased with growth period in both cultivars. It was observed that the effective crude protein degradability (ECPD) rate of Kahraman cultivar was higher than that of Kırklar cultivar and ECPD rate of cultivars decreased with the progress of the growing period. As a result, Kahraman cultivar may be preferred more than Kırklar cultivar, since it has higher EDMD and ECPD in the rumen and also has higher RFV value.

Keywords

Chemical composition Degradation characteristic Harvest stage Nutritive value Oat silage

References

  • Ammar, H., López, S., & Andrés, S. (2010). Influence of Maturity Stage of Forage Grasses and Leguminous on Their Chemical Composition and İn Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility. In:Porqueddu C. (Ed.), Ríos S.(Ed.). The Contributions of Grasslands to The Conservation Of Mediterranean biodiversity. Zaragoza :CIHEAM / CIBIO /FAO / SEEP, p. 199-2 03 (Options Méditerranéennes :Série A. Sémin Aires Méditerranéens; n . 92 )
  • Anonymus, (2007a). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants (NRC). National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
  • Anonymus, (2007b). Official Method of Analysis (AOAC). Washington, DC. USA.
  • Anonymus, (2007c). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 20. Chicago.
  • Assefa, G. & Ledin, I. (2001). Effect of Variety, Soil Type and Fertilizer on the Establishment, Growth, Forage Yield, Quality and Voluntary İntake by Cattle of Oats and Vetches Cultivated in Pure Stands and Mixtures. Animal Feed Science Technology, 92, 95-111.
  • Aydoğan, S., Işık, Ş., Şahin, M., Akçacık, A. G., Hamzaoğlu, S., Doğan, Ş., Küçükcongar, M. & Ateş, S. (2014). The Effect of Different Form Times on the Nutrient Composition of Forage Crops. Selçuk Journal of Field Sciences, 1(2), 45-49.
  • Ayhan, V. Balabanlı, C., Avcıoğlu, R. & Ergül, M. (2004). Effects of Harvest Period on Yield and Nutrient Content in Some Legume Forage Crops. 4th National Animal Science Science Congress, Isparta. Turkey, 2004 p:2, 166-172,
  • Başbağ, M., Çaçan, E. & Sayar, M.S. (2018). Bazı Buğdaygil Bitki Türlerinin Yem Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Biplot Analiz Yöntemi ile Özelliklerarası İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi , 27 (2), 92−101.
  • Çeri, S. & Acar, R. (2019). Use of Cool Climate Cereals as Green and Dry Forage in Animal Feeding. Journal of Bahri Dagdas Crop Research, 8 (1), 178-194. Cherney, J.H. & Cherney, D.J.R. (2003). Assessing Silage Quality In: Buxton, D.R.; Muck, R.E.; Harrıson, J.H. (Eds.) Silage Science and Technology, Madison, 141-198.
  • Coblentz, W.K., Akins, M. S., Kalscheur, K. F., Brink, G. E, & Cavadini, J. S. (2018). Effects of Growth Stage and Growing Degree Day Accumulations on Triticale Forages: 1.Dry Matter Yield, Nutritive Value and İn Vitro Dry Matter Disappearance, Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 8965–8985.
  • David, D.B., Nörnberg, J. L., Azevedo, E.B., Brüning, G., Kessler, J.D. & Skonieski, F.R. (2010). Nutritional Value of Black and White Oat Cultivars Ensiled in Two Phenological Stages. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia, 39, 1409-1417.
  • Gökkuş, A., Parlak, A.Ö., Baytekin, H, & Hakyemez, B.H. (2013). Akdeniz Kuşağı Çalılık Meralarında Otsu Türlerin Mineral İçeriklerinin Değişimi. Tekirdag Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (1),1-10.
  • Güngör, H., Dokuyucu, T., Dumlupınar, Z. &Akkaya, A. (2017). Yulafta (Avena spp.) Tane Verimi ile Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkilerin Korelasyon ve Path Analizleriyle Saptanması. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (1),61-68.
  • Jaranyama, P. & Garcia, A.D. (2004). Understanding Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) College of Agric and Biological Science, South Dakota State University, USA,
  • Kafilzadeh, F. & Heidary, N. (2013). Chemical Composition, İn Vitro Digestibility and Kinetics of Fermentation of Whole-Crop Forage from 18 Different Varieties of Oat (Avenasativa L.). Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41(1), 61-68.
  • Karaman, R. Akün, İ. & Türkay, C. (2020). Alternative Food Source in Human Nutrition: Oat Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, 2(2), 78-85.
  • Khan, M., Sarwar, A.M., Nisa, M., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.S., Lee, W.S., Lee, H.J. & Kim, H. S. (2006). Chemical Composition, In situ Digestion Kinetics and Feeding Value of Oat Grass (Avena sativa) Ensiled with Molasses for Nili-Ravi Buffaloes. Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal. Science, 19(8), 1127 –1133.
  • Kim, W. H., Seo, S., Jeong, K. H., Kim, J. G., Shin, D. E. & Shin, J. S. (1999). Effects of Harvest Date and Cultivar on the Growth, Forage Yield and Quality of Spring Sown Oats at the Middle Mountain Area. Journal of Korean. Grassland. Science. 19,89-94.
  • Kim, J. D., Kim, S. G., Abuel, S. J., Kwon, C. H., Shin, C. N., Ko1, K. H. & Park, B. G. (2006). Effect of Location, Season, and Variety on Yield and Quality of Forage Oat. Asian-Australian. Journal of Animal Science, 19(7), 970 – 977.
  • Kılıçalp, N., Hızlı, H., Sümerli, M. & Avcı, M. (2018). In Situ Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Maize, Sorghum and Sorghum‐Sudan Grass Hybrids Silages as Affected by Stage of Maturity, Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(2), 231-239.
  • Lai, N.V. & Thu Huong, N. T. (1999). Comparison of the İn Sacco Rumen and Washing Loss Methods to Estimate the Potential Energetic Value for Livestock of Leaves from Tropical Trees, Shrubs and Crop Residues. Livestock Research. Rural Development, 11, 1-6.
  • Linn, J. G. & Martin, N.P. (1999). Forage Quality Tests and İnterpretations. Univ. of Minnesota Ext. Ser. Publ. FO-02637, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Pau.
  • Mazumder, M.A.R., Kumagaı, H. & Mıtanı, K. (2004). Diversity of Chemical Composition Dry Matter İntake, İn Vivo Digestibility and İn Situ Dry Matter Degradability of Oat Hay (Avena sativa). Animal Science Journal, 75, 333–338.
  • Mobashar, M., Tahir M., Javaid, S., Anjum, I.M., Gul, I., Ahmad, N. & Sami, S. (2018). Nutritional Evaluation of Various Stages of Maturity of Oat Hay and its Effect on Milk Production and Composition in Lactating Holstein Friesian Cows. Pakistan Journal of. Zoology., 50(6), 2209-2216.
  • Ørskov, E.R. & Mc Donald, I. (1979). The Estimation of Protein Degradability in the Rumen from İncubation Measurements Weighed According to Rate of Passage. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb.), 92, 499–503.
  • Rafiuddin, A.M., Javed, K., Jabbar, M.A., Shahıd, M.Q., Jan, P.S., Khan, M.A. & Ramzan, M.H. (2016). Impact of Flowerıng Stage on Nutrıtıve Value, Physıcal Qualıty and Digestıbılıty of Sılages Made from Cereal Fodders. Applıed Ecology and Envıronmental Research, 14(5), 149-157.
  • Rosser, C.L. (2014). Effect of the Maturıty at Harvest of Whole-Crop Barley and Oat on Dry Matter İntake, Forage Selectıon, and Digestıbılıty When Fed to Beef Cattle In the Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Master thesis).
  • Rosser, C.L., Górka, P., Beattie, A.D., Block, H.C., McKinnon, J.J., Lardner, H.A. & Penner, G.B. (2013). Effect of Maturity at Harvest on Yield, Chemical Composition and in-Situ Degradability for Annual Cereals Used for Swath Grazing. Journal of Animal Science, 91, 3815–3826.
  • Sarı, N. (2012). Between the Yield and Yield Components of Oats (Avena sativa l.) Relationships. Adnan Menderes University, Institute of Science, Aydın (Master's thesis).
  • Shoaib, M., Ayub, M., Shehzad, M., Akhtar, N., Tahir, M. & Arif, M. (2014). Dry Matter Yıeld and Forage Quality of Oat Barley and Canola Mıxture. Pakistan Journal Agricultural Science, 51, 433-439.
  • Strychar, R. (2011).World Oat Production, Trade, and Usage. In Oats: Chemistry and Technology, 2nd ed., pp. 77–94 Webster, FH and Wood, PJ, editors. Washington, DC.
  • Uzun, F. (2010). Changes in Hay Yield and Quality of Bulbous Barley at Different Phenological Stages. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Forest, 34, 1-9.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Robertson JB, & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for Dietary Fiber Neutral Detergent Fiber and Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  • Wallsten, J., & Martinsoon, K. (2009). Effects of Maturity Stage and Feeding Strategy of Whole Crop Barley Silageon Intake, Digestibility and Milk Production in Dairy Cows. Livestock Science, 121 (2), 155-161.
  • Zhang, X., Dong, S., Yun, X. & Hu, Z. (2007). Variation of Productivity and Nutritive Values of Oat(Avena sativa) with Geographical Locations in Gansu Province of Northwest China under İrrigation and Fertilization Conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(5), 553-560.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Numan Kılıçalp 0000-0003-1359-9369

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date December 30, 2021
Acceptance Date March 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kılıçalp, N. (2023). Cultivar and Harvest Stage Effects on Nutritive Value of Whole Crop Oat (Avena sativa L.) Silages. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(2), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1050407
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