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Investigation of Potential Nutritive Values of Some Tree Leaves and Its Extracts by Using In Vitro Gas Production

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 459 - 469, 30.04.2023

Sıraç Yavuz Durmuş Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1067120

Abstract

This study was performed to assess the nutritional value of specific tree species (laurus nobilis, albizia julibrissin, glycyrrhiza glabra, salix alba, robinia pseudoacacia, liquidambar orientalis, juniperus communis, quercus coccifera, cedrus libani, arbutus andrachne) growing in different regions of Kahramanmaras, besides the gas production of the leaves and their extracts at various dose levels (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL). The ADF and NDF contents were differed between 16.20% - 32.47% and 28%-49.66%, respectively. Liquidambar orientalis leaves had the highest values for both characteristics, whereas Salix alba leaves had the lowest values. The CP value, varied between 7.94% and 25.94%. Liquidambar orientalis leaves had the highest concentration of condensed tannins, 16.19%, and Albizia julibrissin leaves had the lowest concentration, 2.12%. ME and OMD values ranged from 6.72 to 10.24 MJ kg-1 and 43.68 to 65.72%, respectively. The GP content of the samples varied between 22.25-40.03 mL 200-1 mg(DM). According to the study's various dose, GP and CH4 production significantly increased when compared to the control group. The GP of leaf extracts for the control group was 44.89 mL, and doses at, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mL were found; 51.05-105.96 mL, 52.71-106.26 mL, and 47.33-106.85 mL correspondingly. Methane production (%) concentration for the control group were 16.54%, and at 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL doses were observed 16.64%-34.40%, 22.44%-34.80% and 18.41%-31.46% respectively. Significant relationships between CH4 production, ADF, and NDF have been found.

Keywords

Tree leaves Extracts Enteric methane Metabolizable energy Digestibility

Thanks

This study was supported by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences. A part of this study is produced from the Ph.D study of Sıraç YAVUZ

References

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  • Anonymous 2011. Consultation, Expert and Headquarters, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Impact of Animal Nutrition on Animal Welfare. (EN 2011-09-26) Rome, Italy.
  • Anonymous 2017. IBM SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Chicago, IL.
  • Anonymous 2019a. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Developing Sustainable Value Chains for Small Scale Livestock Producers. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Anonymous 2019b. World Economic Forum. Options for the Livestock Sector in Developing and Emerging Economies to 2030 and Beyond. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • AOAC 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. pp.66-88.
  • Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., & Colombatto, D 2008. A Review of Plant Derived Essential Oils in Ruminant Nutrition and Production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145(1-4), 209-228.
  • Bodas, R., Prieto N., García-González, R., Andrés, S., & Giráldez, F.J 2012. Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production with Plant Secondary Metabolites. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 176(1-4), 78-93.
  • Boga, M 2014. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Some Tree Leaves Obtained in The Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Anadolu Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 143.
  • Boga, M., Kurt, Ö., Özkan, Ç.Ö., Atalay, A.I., & Kamalak, A 2020. Evaluation of Some Commercial Dairy Rations in Terms of Chemical Composition, Methane Production, Net Energy and Organic Matter Digestibility. Progress In Nutrıtıon, 22(1), 199-203.
  • Bllümmel, M., & Ørskov, E.R 1993. Comparison of In Vitro Gas Production and Nylon Bag Degradability of Roughages in Predicting Feed Intake in Cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 40, 109– 119.
  • Canbolat, Ö 2012. Determination of Potential Nutritive Value of Exotic Tree Leaves in Turkey. Journal of Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, 18(3), 419-423.
  • Cedillo, J., Vázquez Armijo, J.F., González-Reyna, A., Salem, A.Z., & Kholif, A.E 2014. Effects of Different Doses of Salix Babylonica Extract on Growth Performance and Diet In Vitro Gas Production in Pelibuey Growing Lambs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 13(3), 3165.
  • Cheema, U.B., Sultan, J.I., Javaid, A., Mustafa, M.I., & Younas, M 2014. Screening of Fodder Tree Leaves by Chemical Composition, Mineral Profile, Anti-Nutritional Factors and in Sacco Digestion Kinetics. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(11), 558-564.
  • Demirtaş, A., Öztürk, H., & Pişkin, İ 2018. Overview of Plant Extracts and Plant Secondary Metabolites as Alternatives to Antibiotics for Modification of Ruminal Fermentation. Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary, 65(2), 213-217.
  • Ebrahim, H., & Negussie, F 2020. Effect of Secondary Compounds on Nutrients Utilization and Productivity of Ruminant Animals: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice, 5, 60-73.
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  • Goel, G., Makkar, H.P.S., & Becker, K 2008. Changes in Microbial Community Structure, Methanogenesis and Rumen Fermentation in Response to Saponin‐Rich Fractions from Different Plant Materials. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105(3), 770-777.
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  • Johnson, K.A., & Johnson, D.E 1995. Methane Emissions from Cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73(8), 2483-2492.
  • Jouany, J., & Morgavi, D 2007. Use of Natural Products as Alternatives to Antibiotic Feed Additives in Ruminant Production. Animal, 1(10), 1443-1466.
  • Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Gurbuz, Y., Ozay, O., & Ozkose, E 2005. Chemical Composition and Its Relationship to In Vitro Gas Production of Several Tannin Containing Trees and Shrub Leaves. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(2), 203-208.
  • Kamalak, A., Canbolat, Ö., Özkan, Ç.Ö., & Atalay, A.I 2011. Effect of Thymol on In Vitro Gas Production, Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy Content of Alfalfa Hay. Journal of Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, 17(2), 211-216.
  • Kamalak, A., Hassan, K.G., Ameen, S.M., Zebari, H.M., & Hasan, A.H 2015. Determination of Chemical Composition, Potential Nutritive Value and Methane Emission of Oak Tree (Quercus Coccifera) Leaves and Nuts. Journal of Veterinary Faculty, Harran University, 4(1), 1-5.
  • Kara, K., Aktuğ, E., Çağrı, A., Güçlü, B.K., & Baytok, E 2015. Effect of Formic Acid on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emission. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(11), 856-860.
  • Kaya, E 2021. The Effect of Species on Nutritive Value and Anti-Methanogenic Potential of Vetch Hays Grown in Native Pasture in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 23(2), e2021049.
  • Kilic, Ü 2010. Effects of Polyethylen Glycol (Peg 6000) Supplement on In Vitro Gas Production of Canola Hybrids and Canola Meals. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(3), 192-196.
  • Knapp, J.R, Laur, G.L., Vadas, P.A., Weiss, W.P., & Tricarico, J.M 2014. Invited Review: Enteric Methane in Dairy Cattle Production: Quantifying the Opportunities and Impact of Reducing Emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6), 3231-3261.
  • Ku-Vera, J.C., Jiménez-Ocampo, R., Valencia-Salazar, S.S., Montoya-Flores, M.D., & Molina-Botero, I.C 2020. Role of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 584.
  • López, S., Makkar, H.P & Soliva, C.R 2010. Screening Plants and Plant Products for Methane Inhibitors. In In Vitro Screening of Plant Resources for Extra-Nutritional Attributes in Ruminants: Nuclear and Related Methodologies. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 191-231.
  • Makkar, H.P.S, Singh, B., & Negi, S.S 1989. Relationship of Rumen Degradability with Microbial Colonization, Cell Wall Constituents and Tannin Levels in Some Tree Leaves. Animal Science, 49(2), 299-303.
  • Makkar, H.P.S., Blümmel, M., & Becker, K 1995. Formation of Complexes Between Polyvinyl Pyrrolidones or Polyethylene Glycols and Tannins, and Their Implication in Gas Production and True Digestibility in In Vitro Techniques. British Journal of Nutrition, 73 (6), 897-913.
  • Makkar, H.P.S 2003. Effects and Fate of Tannins in Ruminant Animals, Adaptation to Tannins, and Strategies to Overcome Detrimental Effects of Feeding Tannin-Rich Feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49(3), 241-256.
  • Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., & Fritz, D 1979. The Estimation of the Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy Content of Ruminant Feeding stuffs from the Gas Production When They are Incubated with Rumen Liquor In Vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 93(1), 217-222.
  • Menke, K.H1988. Estimation of the Energetic Feed Value Obtained from Chemical Analysis and In Vitro Gas Production using Rumen Fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55.
  • Muwanika, V.B., Nsubuga, D., & Nampanzira, D.K 2018. Sedentarization among Nomadic Pastoralists of Uganda: Which way to Feed Livestock?. Agroforest Syst 93, 2037–2046.
  • Nsubuga, D., Nampanzira, D.K., Masembe, C., & Muwanika, V.B 2019. Nutritional Properties of some Browse Species used as Goat Feed In Pastoral Dry Lands, Uganda. Agroforestry Systems, pp. 1-8.
  • Oh, S., Shintani, R., Koike, S., & Kobayashi, Y 2017. Ginkgo Fruit Extract as an Additive to Modify Rumen Microbiota and Fermentation and to Mitigate Methane Production. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(3), 1923-1934.
  • Patra, A.K., Kamra, D.N., & Agarwal, N 2006. Effect of Plant Extracts on In Vitro Methanogenesis, Enzyme Activities and Fermentation of Feed in Rumen Liquor of Buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 128(3-4), 276-291.
  • Patra, A.K 2012. Enteric Methane Mitigation Technologies for Ruminant Livestock: A Synthesis of Current Research and Future Directions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(4), 1929-1952.
  • Pearse, E.S., & Hartley, H.O 1966. Biometrika Tables for Statisticians. Vol. 1. Cambridge United Kingdom.
  • Piñeiro-Vázquez, A.T., Canul-Solís, J.R., Alayón-Gamboa, J.A., Chay-Canul, A.J., & Ayala-Burgos, A.J 2015. Potential of Condensed Tannins for the Reduction of Emissions of Enteric Methane and Their Effect on Ruminant Productivity. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 47(3), 263-272.
  • Ramin, M., & Huhtanen, P 2013. Development of Equations for Predicting Methane Emissions from Ruminants. Journal of Dairy science, 96(4), 2476-2493.
  • Rochfort, S., Parker, A.J., & Dunshea F.R 2008. Plant Bioactives for Ruminant Health and Productivity. Phytochemistry, 69(2), 299-322.
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Bazı Ağaç Yaprakları ve Ekstraktlarının Potansiyel Besin Değerlerinin İn Vitro Gaz Üretim Yöntemiyle Araştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 459 - 469, 30.04.2023

Sıraç Yavuz Durmuş Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1067120

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Kahramanmaraş'ın farklı bölgelerinde yetişen (defne, gülibirşim, meyan, söğüt, akasya, sığla, ardıç, meşe, sedir ve sandal) ağaç türlerinin besin değerleri ile yaprak ve ekstraktlarının farklı doz seviyelerinde (0.6, 1.2 ve 1.8 mL) gaz üretimini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. ADF ve NDF içerikleri sırasıyla %16.20-%32.47 ve %28-%49.66 değerleri arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Her iki özellik açısından (ADF, NDF) en yüksek değerler sığla, en düşük değerler ise söğüt yapraklarında bulunmuştur. HP değeri ise %7.94 ile %25.94 arasında değişmiştir. Kondanse tanen içerikleri en yüksek %16.19 ile sığla yapraklarında, en düşük değeri ise %2.12 ile gülibirşim yapraklarında bulunmuştur. Besin değerleri, metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecesi (OMD) sırasıyla 6.72-10.24 MJ kg-1 ve %43.68-%65.72 arasında değişmektedir. Numunelerin gaz üretim (GÜ) içeriği 22.25-40.03 mL 200-1 mg (KM) arasında değişmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan farklı doz, kontrol grubuna kıyasla hem GÜ’nde hem de CH4 üretiminde önemli artışlar bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubunun GÜ'i 44.89 mL iken, 0.6, 1.2 ve 1.8 mL'deki dozların GÜ’leri sırasıyla 51.05-105.96 mL, 52.71-106.26 mL ve 47.33-106.85 mL arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Kontrol grubu için CH4 üretimi (%) konsantrasyonu %16.54 olup, 0.6, 1.2 ve 1,8 mL dozlarında sırasıyla %16.64-%34.40, %22.44-%34.80 ve %18.41-%31.46 arasında farklılık gözlenmiştir. CH4 üretimi ile ADF ve NDF arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Ağaç yaprakları Ekstraktlar Enterik metan üretimi Metabolize enerji Sindirilebilirlik

References

  • Akcil, E., & Denek, N 2013. Investigation of Different Levels Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Camaldulensis) Leaves Effect on In Vitro Methane Production of Some Roughages. Harran University Journal of Veterinary Faculty, 2(2), 75-81.
  • Anonymous 2011. Consultation, Expert and Headquarters, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Impact of Animal Nutrition on Animal Welfare. (EN 2011-09-26) Rome, Italy.
  • Anonymous 2017. IBM SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Chicago, IL.
  • Anonymous 2019a. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Developing Sustainable Value Chains for Small Scale Livestock Producers. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Anonymous 2019b. World Economic Forum. Options for the Livestock Sector in Developing and Emerging Economies to 2030 and Beyond. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • AOAC 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. pp.66-88.
  • Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., & Colombatto, D 2008. A Review of Plant Derived Essential Oils in Ruminant Nutrition and Production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145(1-4), 209-228.
  • Bodas, R., Prieto N., García-González, R., Andrés, S., & Giráldez, F.J 2012. Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production with Plant Secondary Metabolites. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 176(1-4), 78-93.
  • Boga, M 2014. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Some Tree Leaves Obtained in The Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Anadolu Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 143.
  • Boga, M., Kurt, Ö., Özkan, Ç.Ö., Atalay, A.I., & Kamalak, A 2020. Evaluation of Some Commercial Dairy Rations in Terms of Chemical Composition, Methane Production, Net Energy and Organic Matter Digestibility. Progress In Nutrıtıon, 22(1), 199-203.
  • Bllümmel, M., & Ørskov, E.R 1993. Comparison of In Vitro Gas Production and Nylon Bag Degradability of Roughages in Predicting Feed Intake in Cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 40, 109– 119.
  • Canbolat, Ö 2012. Determination of Potential Nutritive Value of Exotic Tree Leaves in Turkey. Journal of Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, 18(3), 419-423.
  • Cedillo, J., Vázquez Armijo, J.F., González-Reyna, A., Salem, A.Z., & Kholif, A.E 2014. Effects of Different Doses of Salix Babylonica Extract on Growth Performance and Diet In Vitro Gas Production in Pelibuey Growing Lambs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 13(3), 3165.
  • Cheema, U.B., Sultan, J.I., Javaid, A., Mustafa, M.I., & Younas, M 2014. Screening of Fodder Tree Leaves by Chemical Composition, Mineral Profile, Anti-Nutritional Factors and in Sacco Digestion Kinetics. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(11), 558-564.
  • Demirtaş, A., Öztürk, H., & Pişkin, İ 2018. Overview of Plant Extracts and Plant Secondary Metabolites as Alternatives to Antibiotics for Modification of Ruminal Fermentation. Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary, 65(2), 213-217.
  • Ebrahim, H., & Negussie, F 2020. Effect of Secondary Compounds on Nutrients Utilization and Productivity of Ruminant Animals: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice, 5, 60-73.
  • Gemeda, B.S., & Hassen, A 2015. Effect of Tannin and Species Variation on In Vitro Digestibility, Gas, and Methane Production of Tropical Browse Plants. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 28(2), 188.
  • Goel, G., Makkar, H.P.S., & Becker, K 2008. Changes in Microbial Community Structure, Methanogenesis and Rumen Fermentation in Response to Saponin‐Rich Fractions from Different Plant Materials. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105(3), 770-777.
  • Haque, M.N 2018. Dietary Manipulation: A Sustainable Way to Mitigate Methane Emissions from Ruminants. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 60(1), 1-10.
  • Herrero, M., Henderson, B., Havlík, P., Thornton, P.K., & Conant, R.T 2016. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potentials in the Livestock Sector. Nature Climate Change, 6(5), 452–61.
  • Jayanegara, A., Wina, E., Soliva, C.R., Marquardt, S., & Kreuzer, M 2011. Dependence of Forage Quality and Methanogenic Potential of Tropical Plants on Their Phenolic Fractions as Determined by Principal Component Analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 163(2-4), 231-243.
  • Johnson, K.A., & Johnson, D.E 1995. Methane Emissions from Cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73(8), 2483-2492.
  • Jouany, J., & Morgavi, D 2007. Use of Natural Products as Alternatives to Antibiotic Feed Additives in Ruminant Production. Animal, 1(10), 1443-1466.
  • Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Gurbuz, Y., Ozay, O., & Ozkose, E 2005. Chemical Composition and Its Relationship to In Vitro Gas Production of Several Tannin Containing Trees and Shrub Leaves. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(2), 203-208.
  • Kamalak, A., Canbolat, Ö., Özkan, Ç.Ö., & Atalay, A.I 2011. Effect of Thymol on In Vitro Gas Production, Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy Content of Alfalfa Hay. Journal of Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, 17(2), 211-216.
  • Kamalak, A., Hassan, K.G., Ameen, S.M., Zebari, H.M., & Hasan, A.H 2015. Determination of Chemical Composition, Potential Nutritive Value and Methane Emission of Oak Tree (Quercus Coccifera) Leaves and Nuts. Journal of Veterinary Faculty, Harran University, 4(1), 1-5.
  • Kara, K., Aktuğ, E., Çağrı, A., Güçlü, B.K., & Baytok, E 2015. Effect of Formic Acid on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emission. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(11), 856-860.
  • Kaya, E 2021. The Effect of Species on Nutritive Value and Anti-Methanogenic Potential of Vetch Hays Grown in Native Pasture in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 23(2), e2021049.
  • Kilic, Ü 2010. Effects of Polyethylen Glycol (Peg 6000) Supplement on In Vitro Gas Production of Canola Hybrids and Canola Meals. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(3), 192-196.
  • Knapp, J.R, Laur, G.L., Vadas, P.A., Weiss, W.P., & Tricarico, J.M 2014. Invited Review: Enteric Methane in Dairy Cattle Production: Quantifying the Opportunities and Impact of Reducing Emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6), 3231-3261.
  • Ku-Vera, J.C., Jiménez-Ocampo, R., Valencia-Salazar, S.S., Montoya-Flores, M.D., & Molina-Botero, I.C 2020. Role of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 584.
  • López, S., Makkar, H.P & Soliva, C.R 2010. Screening Plants and Plant Products for Methane Inhibitors. In In Vitro Screening of Plant Resources for Extra-Nutritional Attributes in Ruminants: Nuclear and Related Methodologies. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 191-231.
  • Makkar, H.P.S, Singh, B., & Negi, S.S 1989. Relationship of Rumen Degradability with Microbial Colonization, Cell Wall Constituents and Tannin Levels in Some Tree Leaves. Animal Science, 49(2), 299-303.
  • Makkar, H.P.S., Blümmel, M., & Becker, K 1995. Formation of Complexes Between Polyvinyl Pyrrolidones or Polyethylene Glycols and Tannins, and Their Implication in Gas Production and True Digestibility in In Vitro Techniques. British Journal of Nutrition, 73 (6), 897-913.
  • Makkar, H.P.S 2003. Effects and Fate of Tannins in Ruminant Animals, Adaptation to Tannins, and Strategies to Overcome Detrimental Effects of Feeding Tannin-Rich Feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49(3), 241-256.
  • Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., & Fritz, D 1979. The Estimation of the Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy Content of Ruminant Feeding stuffs from the Gas Production When They are Incubated with Rumen Liquor In Vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 93(1), 217-222.
  • Menke, K.H1988. Estimation of the Energetic Feed Value Obtained from Chemical Analysis and In Vitro Gas Production using Rumen Fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55.
  • Muwanika, V.B., Nsubuga, D., & Nampanzira, D.K 2018. Sedentarization among Nomadic Pastoralists of Uganda: Which way to Feed Livestock?. Agroforest Syst 93, 2037–2046.
  • Nsubuga, D., Nampanzira, D.K., Masembe, C., & Muwanika, V.B 2019. Nutritional Properties of some Browse Species used as Goat Feed In Pastoral Dry Lands, Uganda. Agroforestry Systems, pp. 1-8.
  • Oh, S., Shintani, R., Koike, S., & Kobayashi, Y 2017. Ginkgo Fruit Extract as an Additive to Modify Rumen Microbiota and Fermentation and to Mitigate Methane Production. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(3), 1923-1934.
  • Patra, A.K., Kamra, D.N., & Agarwal, N 2006. Effect of Plant Extracts on In Vitro Methanogenesis, Enzyme Activities and Fermentation of Feed in Rumen Liquor of Buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 128(3-4), 276-291.
  • Patra, A.K 2012. Enteric Methane Mitigation Technologies for Ruminant Livestock: A Synthesis of Current Research and Future Directions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(4), 1929-1952.
  • Pearse, E.S., & Hartley, H.O 1966. Biometrika Tables for Statisticians. Vol. 1. Cambridge United Kingdom.
  • Piñeiro-Vázquez, A.T., Canul-Solís, J.R., Alayón-Gamboa, J.A., Chay-Canul, A.J., & Ayala-Burgos, A.J 2015. Potential of Condensed Tannins for the Reduction of Emissions of Enteric Methane and Their Effect on Ruminant Productivity. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 47(3), 263-272.
  • Ramin, M., & Huhtanen, P 2013. Development of Equations for Predicting Methane Emissions from Ruminants. Journal of Dairy science, 96(4), 2476-2493.
  • Rochfort, S., Parker, A.J., & Dunshea F.R 2008. Plant Bioactives for Ruminant Health and Productivity. Phytochemistry, 69(2), 299-322.
  • Salem, H.B 2010. Nutritional Management to Improve Sheep and Goat Performances in Semiarid Regions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39, 337-347.
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Sıraç Yavuz 0000-0001-5878-8994

Durmuş Öztürk 0000-0002-7706-1798

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date February 2, 2022
Acceptance Date August 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yavuz, S., & Öztürk, D. (2023). Investigation of Potential Nutritive Values of Some Tree Leaves and Its Extracts by Using In Vitro Gas Production. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(2), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1067120
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