Kültivatörün Toprak Yüzeyindeki Maddeleri Toprağa Karıştırma Yeteneğinin Bilgisayar Simülasyonu Kullanılarak Geliştirilmesine Yönelik Bir Çalışma
Öz
İşçilik maliyetlerinin
yüksek ve toprağın organik madde miktarının düşük olduğu ülkelerde, toprak
üzerine serpilen gübre ve diğer organik maddelerin toprağın alt katmanlarına
hızlı ve ekonomik bir şekilde karıştırılması amacı ile, işletme maliyetleri diğer
tarım aletlerine göre daha düşük olan, kültivatörler kullanılabilir.
Kültivatörün organik maddeyi toprağa hangi oranda karıştırdığı ve bu karışım
miktarının değişik hız ve toprak işleme derinliklerinde nasıl değiştiğinin
deneysel olarak araştırılması zaman alıcı ve maliyetli bir işlemdir. Bu nedenle
bu çalışmada kültivatörün toprak üzerine serpilen organik maddeleri toprağa ne
derece karıştırdığı, ayrık elemanlar metodu kullanılarak, bilgisayar ortamında,
simüle edilmiştir. Ayrıca kültivatörün üzerine ek levhalar eklenerek karıştırma
miktarındaki değişim incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak kültivatör üzerine etki
eden çeki ve dikey kuvvetler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları ek levha
kullanılarak toprağın alt katmanlarına karıştırılacak organik madde miktarının
artırılabileceğini, fakat bu durumda çeki kuvvetinin artacağını göstermiştir.
Çalışmanın sonuçları ayrık elemanlar metodunun tarım makineleri tasarımında
etkili bir hızlı modelleme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ayrık elemanlar metodu kültivatör organik maddenin toprağa karıştırılması toprak işlemedeki kuvvetler
Kaynakça
- Academia, 2015. Some useful numbers for rocks and soils. http://www.academia.edu/4056287/Some_Useful_Numbers_for_rocks_and_soils (Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2016)
- Akbolat D, Ekinci K , 2008. Rotary Tiller Velocity Effects on the Distribution of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Residue in the Soil Profile. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 36: 247–252.
- Asaf Z, Rubinstein D, Shmulevich I, 2007. Determination of Discrete Element Model Parameters Required for Soil tillage. Soil and Tillage Research. 92(1-2): 227-242.
- Bravo E L, Tijskens E, Suárez M H, Cueto O G, Ramon H, 2014. Prediction Model for Non-Inversion Soil Tillage Implemented on Discrete Element Method. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 106: 120-127.
- Budynas R G, Nisbett K J, 2012. Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill Education
- Chen Y, Munkholm L J, Nyord T, 2013. A Discrete Element Model for Soil-Sweep Interaction in Three Different Soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 126: 34-41
- Cundall PA, Strack O D L, 1971. A Discrete Numerical Model for Granular Assemblies. Geotechnique, 29: 47-65.
- EDEM, 2011. EDEM Theory Reference Guide. Edinburgh, UK, DEM Solutions.
- Fielke JM 1988. The Influence of the Geometry of Chisel Plough Share Wings on Tillage Forces in Sandy Loam Soil. University of Melbourne Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 67 s.
- Güleç U, Altuntaş, E, 2013. Farklı Kültivatör Uç Demirlerinin Malzeme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1) : 13-24.
- Hoyle F, 2013. Managing Soil Organic Matter: A Practical Guide. Grain Research Development Corporation (GRDC). https://grdc.com.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0029/107696/grdc-guide-managing soil organic matter-pdf.pdf.pdf?utm_source = website&utm_medium=download_link&utm_campaign=pdf_download&utm_term=National;%20North;%20South;%20West&utm_content=Managing%20Soil%20Organic%20Matter:%20A%20Practical%20Guide.
- Hudson Tool Steel, 2016. P20 Mold steel. http://www.hudsontoolsteel.com/technical-data/ steelP0 (Erişim tarihi: 20.02.2017)
- Huser A, Kvernvold O, 1998. Prediction of Sand Erosion in Process and Pipe Components. In BHR Group Conference Series Publication (Vol. 31, pp. 217-228). Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited.
- Ucgul M, Fielke J M, Saunders C, 2014a. 3D DEM Tillage Simulation: Validation for a Sweep Tool for a Cohesionless Soil. Soil and Tillage Research. 144: 220-227
- Ucgul M, Fielke J M, Saunders C, 2014b. Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling of Tillage: Determination of a Suitable Contact Model and Parameters for a Cohesionless Soil. Biosystems Engineering, 121: 105-117.
- Ucgul M, Fielke J M, Saunders C, 2015. Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) of Tillage: Accounting for Soil Cohesion and Adhesion. Biosystems Engineering. 129: 298-306.
- Ucgul M, Saunders C, Fielke J M, 2017. Discrete Element Modelling of Top Soil Burial Using a Full Scale Mouldboard Plough Under Field Conditions. Biosystems Engineering, 160: 140-153.
- Ucgul M, Saunders C, Aybek A, 2018. Ayrık Elemanlar Metodunun Tarım Makineleri Tasarımında Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma. KSU Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 21 (3): 305-312.
- Wang D, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang W, 2008. Statistical Analysis of Sand Grain/Bed Collision Process Recorded by High Speed Digital Camera. Sedimentology, 55: 461-470.
A Study to Improve the Surface Material Incorporation Ability of the Cultivators Using Computer Simulation
Öz
Due
to their lower operating costs, incorporation of organic matter to the soil can
be performed using cultivators in countries where labor is expensive and
organic matter of the soil is low. However, in order to investigate the organic
matter incorporation ability of the cultivator in terms of different operating
conditions (i.e. different operating depths and speeds), use of field tests can
be costly and time consuming. Therefore, in this study, organic matter incorporation
ability of a cultivator was investigated in a computer environment using
discrete element method (DEM). In addition, the effect of using additional
plates on the organic matter incorporation was also investigated. The draught
and vertical forces acting on the cultivator during soil to tillage tool
interaction were also predicted. Results of the study have shown that the
amount of organic matter buried into the deeper layers of the soil can be
improved using additional plates with a penalty in draught force. Results of
the study proved that the discrete element method can effectively be used as a
modelling tool to design agricultural machineries.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Discrete element method cultivator organic matter incorporation draught force
Kaynakça
- Academia, 2015. Some useful numbers for rocks and soils. http://www.academia.edu/4056287/Some_Useful_Numbers_for_rocks_and_soils (Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2016)
- Akbolat D, Ekinci K , 2008. Rotary Tiller Velocity Effects on the Distribution of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Residue in the Soil Profile. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 36: 247–252.
- Asaf Z, Rubinstein D, Shmulevich I, 2007. Determination of Discrete Element Model Parameters Required for Soil tillage. Soil and Tillage Research. 92(1-2): 227-242.
- Bravo E L, Tijskens E, Suárez M H, Cueto O G, Ramon H, 2014. Prediction Model for Non-Inversion Soil Tillage Implemented on Discrete Element Method. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 106: 120-127.
- Budynas R G, Nisbett K J, 2012. Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill Education
- Chen Y, Munkholm L J, Nyord T, 2013. A Discrete Element Model for Soil-Sweep Interaction in Three Different Soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 126: 34-41
- Cundall PA, Strack O D L, 1971. A Discrete Numerical Model for Granular Assemblies. Geotechnique, 29: 47-65.
- EDEM, 2011. EDEM Theory Reference Guide. Edinburgh, UK, DEM Solutions.
- Fielke JM 1988. The Influence of the Geometry of Chisel Plough Share Wings on Tillage Forces in Sandy Loam Soil. University of Melbourne Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 67 s.
- Güleç U, Altuntaş, E, 2013. Farklı Kültivatör Uç Demirlerinin Malzeme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1) : 13-24.
- Hoyle F, 2013. Managing Soil Organic Matter: A Practical Guide. Grain Research Development Corporation (GRDC). https://grdc.com.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0029/107696/grdc-guide-managing soil organic matter-pdf.pdf.pdf?utm_source = website&utm_medium=download_link&utm_campaign=pdf_download&utm_term=National;%20North;%20South;%20West&utm_content=Managing%20Soil%20Organic%20Matter:%20A%20Practical%20Guide.
- Hudson Tool Steel, 2016. P20 Mold steel. http://www.hudsontoolsteel.com/technical-data/ steelP0 (Erişim tarihi: 20.02.2017)
- Huser A, Kvernvold O, 1998. Prediction of Sand Erosion in Process and Pipe Components. In BHR Group Conference Series Publication (Vol. 31, pp. 217-228). Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited.
- Ucgul M, Fielke J M, Saunders C, 2014a. 3D DEM Tillage Simulation: Validation for a Sweep Tool for a Cohesionless Soil. Soil and Tillage Research. 144: 220-227
- Ucgul M, Fielke J M, Saunders C, 2014b. Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling of Tillage: Determination of a Suitable Contact Model and Parameters for a Cohesionless Soil. Biosystems Engineering, 121: 105-117.
- Ucgul M, Fielke J M, Saunders C, 2015. Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) of Tillage: Accounting for Soil Cohesion and Adhesion. Biosystems Engineering. 129: 298-306.
- Ucgul M, Saunders C, Fielke J M, 2017. Discrete Element Modelling of Top Soil Burial Using a Full Scale Mouldboard Plough Under Field Conditions. Biosystems Engineering, 160: 140-153.
- Ucgul M, Saunders C, Aybek A, 2018. Ayrık Elemanlar Metodunun Tarım Makineleri Tasarımında Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma. KSU Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 21 (3): 305-312.
- Wang D, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang W, 2008. Statistical Analysis of Sand Grain/Bed Collision Process Recorded by High Speed Digital Camera. Sedimentology, 55: 461-470.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 4 Haziran 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 1 Ekim 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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