The Effect of Different Dripper Properties on Entomopathogenic Nematode Application in Drip Irrigation
Öz
There are many types of drippers with different
flow path length, flow path shape, filtration surface. EPN delivery performance
of the most commonly used four different types of drippers (in-line short path,
in-line long path, in-line cylindrical and on-line button) was examined with a
drip irrigation system in laboratory conditions. Under four different pressures
(0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 bar), EPNs were applied to 1-liter beakers with irrigation
system and discharged nematodes were counted under a stereomicroscope. The
effect of pressure on application and EPN mortality were also determined. The
results showed that there were significant differences between the discharge
ratio of EPNs from drippers. Among the four drippers, on-line button dripper sustained
the highest and fastest discharge ratio. Pressure alone had no significant
effect on delivering EPNs. However, it should be considered that long pressure
exposure may harm EPNs. Regarding our results, different irrigation drippers
have significantly different effects on EPN discharge ratio. Therefore,
optimizing drip irrigation systems for EPN applications may increase their
performance.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beneficial nematode Drip irrigation Pressure Dripper Biopesticide
Kaynakça
- Arrington AE, Kennedy GG, Abney MR 2016. Applying insecticides through drip irrigation to reduce wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) feeding damage in sweet potato. Pest Management Science 72 (6): 1133–1140.
- Conner JM, McSorley R, Stansly PA, Pitts DJ 1998. Delivery of Steinernema riobravis through a drip irrigation system. Nematropica 28 (1): 95–100.
- Curran J 1992. Influence of application method and pest population size on the field efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Nematology 24 (4S): 631–636.
- Curran J, Patel V 1988. Use of A Trickle Irrigation System to Distribute Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) for The Control Of Weevil Pests (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Of Strawberries. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28 (5): 639–643.
- Ehlers R-U 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 56 (5–6): 623–633.
- Ehlers R-U 2005. Forum on safety and regulation (Nematodes as biocontrol agents, CABI: Wallingford, Eds. Grewal PS, Ehlers RU, Shapiro-Ilan DI) 107–114.
- Ellsbury MM, Jackson JJ, Woodson WD, Beck DL, Stange KA 1996. Efficacy, application distribution, and concentration by stemflow of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) suspensions applied with a lateral-move irrigation system for corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control in maize. Journal of Economic Entomology 89 (1): 74–81.
- Fife JP, Derksen RC, Ozkan HE, Grewal P 2003. Effects of pressure differentials on the viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control 27 (1): 65–72.
- Gan-Mor S, Matthews GA 2003. Recent developments in sprayers for application of biopesticides - An overview. Biosystems Engineering 119–125.
- Grewal PS 2002. Formulation and application technology (Entomopathogenic Nematology, CABI, Wallingford, Ed. Gaulger R) 265–287.
- Johnigk S, Ecke F, Poehling M, Ehlers R-U 2004. Liquid culture mass production of biocontrol nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Rhabditida): improved timing of dauer juvenile inoculation. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 64 (5): 651–8.
- Kaplan F, Alborn HT, von Reuss SH, Ajredini R, Ali JG, Akyazi , Stelinski, LL, Edison AS, Schroeder FC, Teal PE 2012. Interspecific nematode signals regulate dispersal behavior. PLoS ONE 7 (6): e38735.
- Kaya HK, Gaugler R 1993. Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology 38 (125): 181–206.
- Kaya HK, Stock SP 1997. Techniques in insect nematology (Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology, Elsevier, Ed. Lawrence A) 281–324.
- Lacey LA, Grzywacz D, Shapiro-Ilan DI, Frutos R, Brownbridge M, Goettel MS 2015. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 132: 1–41.
- Nimkingrat P, Strauch O, Ehlers R-U 2013. Hybridisation and genetic selection for improving desiccation tolerance of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Biocontrol Science and Technology 23 (February 2014): 348–361.
- Perret-Gentil A, Mirti A, Giurintano J, Sampson E, Gao X, Shapiro-Ilan D, Kaplan F 2017. Lack of pheromone reduces nematode dispersal (En annual meeting the american-phytopathological-society (aps), sanantonio, tx, aug 05-09, 2017). Phytopathology 107 (12, S): 110.
- Peters A 1996. The natural host range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and their impact on insect populations. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6 (3): 389–402.
- Raja RK, Hazir C, Gümüş A, Asan C, Karagöz M, Hazir S 2015. Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora using different application methods in the presence or absence of a natural enemy. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39 (2): 277–285.
- Reed D, Reed G, Creighton C 1986. Introduction of entomogenous nematodes into trickle irrigation systems to control striped cucumber beetle, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 1330–1333.
- Salame L, Glazer I, Chubinishvilli MT, Chkhubianishvili T 2010. Genetic improvement of the desiccation tolerance and host-seeking ability of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Phytoparasitica 38 (4): 359–368.
- Sayinci B, Bastaban S 2008. The Role of Spray Units on Biological Control Agent Application. 39 (1): 151–157.
- Segal D, Glazer I 2000. Genetics for improving biological control agents: the case of entomopathogenic nematodes. Crop Protection 19 (8–10): 685–689.
- Shapiro-Ilan DI, Han R, Dolinksi C 2012. Entomopathogenic Nematode Production and Application Technology. Journal of nematology 44 (2): 206–17.
- Stock SP, Hunt DJ 2005. Morphology and systematics of nematodes used in biocontrol (Nematodes as biocontrol agents, CABI, Wallingford, Eds. Grewal PS, Ehlers RU, Shapiro-Ilan DI) 3–43.
- Susurluk IA, Ehlers R-U 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl 53 (4): 627–641.
- Ulu TC, Susurluk IA 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. Invertebrate Survival Journal 11: 4–10.
- Wang X, Zhu H, Reding ME, Locke JC, Leland JE, Derksen RC, Spongberg AL, Krause CR 2009. Delivery of chemical and microbial pesticides through drip irrigation systems. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25 (6): 883–893.
- Wennemann L, Cone WW, Wright LC, Perez, Conant MM 2003. Distribution patterns of entomopathogenic nematodes applied through drip irrigation systems. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96, 287-291. 96 (2): 287–291.
- Wright DJ, Peters A, Schroer , Fife JP 2005. Application technology (Nematodes as biocontrol agents, CABI, Wallington, Eds. Grewal PS, Ehlers RU, Shapiro-Ilan DI) 91–106.
- Wright R, Witkowski J, Echtenkamp G, Georgis R 1993. Efficacy and Persistence of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinemematidae) Applied through a Center-Pivot Irrigation System Against Larval Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 86 (5): 1348–1354.
Öz
Damla sulamada kullanılan damlatıcıların akış yolu
uzunluğu, akış yolu şekli, damlatıcı debisi vb. farklı özellikleri
bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada damla sulamada yaygın olarak kullanılan dört farklı
damlatıcının (içten geçik kısa akış yollu damlatıcı, içten geçik uzun akış
yollu damlatıcı, içten geçik silindir tipli damlatıcı, üstten geçik katif
damlatıcı) EPN uygulamasındaki performansları laboratuvarda kurulan damla
sulama sistemiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Dört farklı basınç altında (0.5, 1, 1.5,
2 bar) EPN’ler 1 litrelik beherlere uygulanmış ve beherlerdeki EPN’ler
süzülerek mikroskop altında sayılmıştır. Çalışmada basıncın ve uygulamaya ve
EPN üzerinde ölümcül etkisi de incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde farklı
damlatıcılardan çıkan EPN miktarları arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Denemelerde üstten geçik katif damlatıcı ile yapılan uygulamalarda
en fazla ve en hızlı EPN çıkışı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Basıncın tek başına,
uygulamaya ve EPN üzerine herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmesine
rağmen uzun süreli yüksek basınca maruz kalan EPN’lerin zarar görebileceği göz
önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Çalışma sonuçları incelendiğinde farklı
damlatıcıların EPN uygulamasında farklı çıkış oranları gösterdiği
belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle gelecekte damla sulama sistemlerinin EPN uygulaması
üzerine optimize edilmesi ile başarı şansının artacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Faydalı nematodlar Damla sulama Basınç Damlatıcı Biyopestisit
Kaynakça
- Arrington AE, Kennedy GG, Abney MR 2016. Applying insecticides through drip irrigation to reduce wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) feeding damage in sweet potato. Pest Management Science 72 (6): 1133–1140.
- Conner JM, McSorley R, Stansly PA, Pitts DJ 1998. Delivery of Steinernema riobravis through a drip irrigation system. Nematropica 28 (1): 95–100.
- Curran J 1992. Influence of application method and pest population size on the field efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Nematology 24 (4S): 631–636.
- Curran J, Patel V 1988. Use of A Trickle Irrigation System to Distribute Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) for The Control Of Weevil Pests (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Of Strawberries. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28 (5): 639–643.
- Ehlers R-U 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 56 (5–6): 623–633.
- Ehlers R-U 2005. Forum on safety and regulation (Nematodes as biocontrol agents, CABI: Wallingford, Eds. Grewal PS, Ehlers RU, Shapiro-Ilan DI) 107–114.
- Ellsbury MM, Jackson JJ, Woodson WD, Beck DL, Stange KA 1996. Efficacy, application distribution, and concentration by stemflow of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) suspensions applied with a lateral-move irrigation system for corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control in maize. Journal of Economic Entomology 89 (1): 74–81.
- Fife JP, Derksen RC, Ozkan HE, Grewal P 2003. Effects of pressure differentials on the viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control 27 (1): 65–72.
- Gan-Mor S, Matthews GA 2003. Recent developments in sprayers for application of biopesticides - An overview. Biosystems Engineering 119–125.
- Grewal PS 2002. Formulation and application technology (Entomopathogenic Nematology, CABI, Wallingford, Ed. Gaulger R) 265–287.
- Johnigk S, Ecke F, Poehling M, Ehlers R-U 2004. Liquid culture mass production of biocontrol nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Rhabditida): improved timing of dauer juvenile inoculation. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 64 (5): 651–8.
- Kaplan F, Alborn HT, von Reuss SH, Ajredini R, Ali JG, Akyazi , Stelinski, LL, Edison AS, Schroeder FC, Teal PE 2012. Interspecific nematode signals regulate dispersal behavior. PLoS ONE 7 (6): e38735.
- Kaya HK, Gaugler R 1993. Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology 38 (125): 181–206.
- Kaya HK, Stock SP 1997. Techniques in insect nematology (Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology, Elsevier, Ed. Lawrence A) 281–324.
- Lacey LA, Grzywacz D, Shapiro-Ilan DI, Frutos R, Brownbridge M, Goettel MS 2015. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 132: 1–41.
- Nimkingrat P, Strauch O, Ehlers R-U 2013. Hybridisation and genetic selection for improving desiccation tolerance of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Biocontrol Science and Technology 23 (February 2014): 348–361.
- Perret-Gentil A, Mirti A, Giurintano J, Sampson E, Gao X, Shapiro-Ilan D, Kaplan F 2017. Lack of pheromone reduces nematode dispersal (En annual meeting the american-phytopathological-society (aps), sanantonio, tx, aug 05-09, 2017). Phytopathology 107 (12, S): 110.
- Peters A 1996. The natural host range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and their impact on insect populations. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6 (3): 389–402.
- Raja RK, Hazir C, Gümüş A, Asan C, Karagöz M, Hazir S 2015. Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora using different application methods in the presence or absence of a natural enemy. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39 (2): 277–285.
- Reed D, Reed G, Creighton C 1986. Introduction of entomogenous nematodes into trickle irrigation systems to control striped cucumber beetle, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 1330–1333.
- Salame L, Glazer I, Chubinishvilli MT, Chkhubianishvili T 2010. Genetic improvement of the desiccation tolerance and host-seeking ability of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Phytoparasitica 38 (4): 359–368.
- Sayinci B, Bastaban S 2008. The Role of Spray Units on Biological Control Agent Application. 39 (1): 151–157.
- Segal D, Glazer I 2000. Genetics for improving biological control agents: the case of entomopathogenic nematodes. Crop Protection 19 (8–10): 685–689.
- Shapiro-Ilan DI, Han R, Dolinksi C 2012. Entomopathogenic Nematode Production and Application Technology. Journal of nematology 44 (2): 206–17.
- Stock SP, Hunt DJ 2005. Morphology and systematics of nematodes used in biocontrol (Nematodes as biocontrol agents, CABI, Wallingford, Eds. Grewal PS, Ehlers RU, Shapiro-Ilan DI) 3–43.
- Susurluk IA, Ehlers R-U 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl 53 (4): 627–641.
- Ulu TC, Susurluk IA 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. Invertebrate Survival Journal 11: 4–10.
- Wang X, Zhu H, Reding ME, Locke JC, Leland JE, Derksen RC, Spongberg AL, Krause CR 2009. Delivery of chemical and microbial pesticides through drip irrigation systems. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25 (6): 883–893.
- Wennemann L, Cone WW, Wright LC, Perez, Conant MM 2003. Distribution patterns of entomopathogenic nematodes applied through drip irrigation systems. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96, 287-291. 96 (2): 287–291.
- Wright DJ, Peters A, Schroer , Fife JP 2005. Application technology (Nematodes as biocontrol agents, CABI, Wallington, Eds. Grewal PS, Ehlers RU, Shapiro-Ilan DI) 91–106.
- Wright R, Witkowski J, Echtenkamp G, Georgis R 1993. Efficacy and Persistence of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinemematidae) Applied through a Center-Pivot Irrigation System Against Larval Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 86 (5): 1348–1354.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 11 Mart 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1 |
Cited By
Evaluating a Portable Method and Two Irrigation Drippers for Field Application of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
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