Trakya Bölgesi Şaraplık Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Kısıntılı Sulama Uygulamalarının Yaprak ve Stoma Morfolojik Özelliklerine Etkileri
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 766 - 776, 31.08.2021
Serkan Candar
,
Bekir Açıkbaş
İlknur Korkutal
,
Elman Bahar
Öz
Bu çalışma 2019 yılı vejetasyon döneminde, Trakya Bölgesi’nde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen Papazkarası (Klon 289), Adakarası (Klon 153), Karalahana, Yapıncak (Klon 175), Vasilaki, Cabernet-Sauvignon ve Sauvignon Blanc asma çeşitlerinde, yarı kontrollü koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Üzüm çeşitlerinin oluşturulan farklı kısıntılı sulama senaryoları altında yaprak ve stoma özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Çeşitlerin genetik karakterleri, incelenen kriterler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli bulunurken, uygulamaların etkisi yalnızca yaprak alanlarında öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bağcılığı yaşanan iklim krizinin etkileri altında sürdürülebilir kılmak için geliştirilen adaptasyon stratejilerinde, çeşitlerin morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin mutlaka değerlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü
Proje Numarası
TAGEM/BBAD/B/19/A1/P6/06
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından desteklenen TAGEM/BBAD/B/19/A1/P6/06 numaralı projenin bir kısmından derlenmiştir. Yazarlar arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarındaki katkılarından dolayı başta Jannat Khan ve Ecem Kübra Demirkapı olmak üzere Tekirdağ Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü 2019 yılı stajyerlerine teşekkürlerini sunarlar.
Kaynakça
- Alonso-Villaverde V, Boso S, Santiago JL, Gago P, Rodriguez-García MI, Martínez MC 2011. Leaf Thickness and Structure of Vitis vinifera cv. Albariño Clones and Its Possible Relation with Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) Infection. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 45(3): 161-169. DOI:10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.3.1492
- Atik F, Dardeniz A 2018. Yalova İncisi Üzüm Çeşidinde Farklı Taç Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Yaprakların Stoma Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 6(Özel sayı) : 33-37
- Balda P, Ibáñez J, Sancha JC, Martínez TF 2013. Characterization and Identification of Minority Red Grape Varieties Recovered in Rioja (Spain), Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 65: 148-152. DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13050
- Bekişli Mİ, Gürsöz S 2016. Harran Ovası Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Amerikan Asma Anaçlarının Yaprak ve Stoma Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Bahçe 45(2): 857-861
- Boso S, Gago P, Alonso-Villaverde V, Santiago JL, Martinez MC 2016. Density and Size of Stomata in the Leaves of Different Hybrids (Vitis sp.) and Vitis vinifera varieties. Vitis 55(1): 17–22. DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2016.55.17-22
- Cramer MD, Hawkins HJ, Verboom GA 2009. The Importance of Nutritional Regulation of Plant Water Flux. Oecologia 161(1): 15–24. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1364-3
- Chitwood DH, Kumar R, Ranjan A, Pelletier JM, Townsley BT, Ichihashi Y, Martinez CC, Zumstein K, Harada JJ, Maloof JN, Sinha NR 2015. Light-Induced Indeterminacy Alters Shade Avoiding Tomato Leaf Morphology. Plant Physiol 169: 2030–2047. DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01229
- Chitwood DH, Klein LL, O’Hanlon R, Chacko S, Greg M, Kitchen C, Miller AJ, Londo JP 2016a. Latent Developmental and Evolutionary Shapes Embedded within the Grapevine Leaf. New Phytol 210(1): 343-355 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13754.
- Chitwood DH, Susan MR, Darren YL, Quaneisha LW, Tommy T, Yu JRL, Daniel G, Julie K, Jason PL 2016b. Climate and Developmental Plasticity: Interannual Variability in Grapevine Leaf Morphology. Plant Physiology 170: 1480–1491. DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01825
- Costa JM, Ortuno MF, Lopes CM, Chaves MM 2012. Grapevine Varieties Exhibiting Differences in Stomatal Response to Water Deficit. Functional Plant Biology 39(3): 179-189. DOI: doi.org/10.1071/FP11156
- Das Gupta M, Nath U 2015. Divergence in Patterns of Leaf Growth Polarity is Associated With the Expression Divergence of miR396. The Plant Cell 27(10): 2785–2799. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00196
- Ergül A, Perez-Rivera G, Söylemezoğlu G, Kazan K, Arroyo-Garcia R 2011. Genetic Diversity in Anatolian Wild Grapes (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) Estimated by SSR Markers. Plant Genet. Resour. 9(3): 375-383. DOI:10.1017/S1479262111000013
- Fanourakis D, Habtamu G, Rube´n M, Roland P, Katrine HK, Marie B, Aleksandar V, Adriano NN, Fabio F, Carl-Otto O 2015. Pore Size Regulates Operating Stomatal Conductance, while Stomatal Densities Drive the Partitioning of Conductance Between Leaf Sides. Annals of Botany 115(4): 555–565, 2015
doi:10.1093/aob/mcu247
- Fraga H 2019. Viticulture and Winemaking Under Climate Change. Agronomy 9(12): 783 DOI:10.3390/agronomy9120783
- Franks PJ, Beerling DJ 2009. Maximum Leaf Conductance Driven by CO2 Effects on Stomatal Size and Density Over Geologic Time. PNAS 106(25) : 10343-10347. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904209106
- Franks PJ, Farquhar GD 2007. The Mechanical Diversity of Stomata and Its Significance in Gas-Exchange Control. Plant Physiology 143(1):78-87. DOI:10.1104/pp.106.089367
- Gargın S 2009. Eğirdir/Isparta Koşullarında Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Stoma Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi. 7. Türkiye Bağcılık ve Teknolojileri Sempozyumu 5-9 Ekim 2009, Manisa
- Gökbayrak Z, Dardeniz A, Bal M 2008. Stomatal Density Adaptation of Grapevine to Windy Conditions. Trakia Journal of Science 6(1): 18-22.
- Ilahi WFF, Ahmad D 2017. A Study on the Physical and Hydraulic Characteristics of Cocopeat Perlite Mixture as a Growing Media in Containerized Plant Production. Sains Malaysiana 46(6): 975–980. DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-17
- İşçi B, Altındişli A, Kaçar E 2015. Farklı Anaçlar Üzerine Aşılı Farklı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Stoma Dağılımı Üzerine Araştırmalar. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3(1): 35–39.
- Konlechner C, Ursula Sauer 2016. Ultrastructural Leaf Features of Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera). OENO ONE 50(4). DOI: 10.20870/oeno-one.2016.50.4.51
- Kunter B, Çakmak G, Keskin N, Değirmenci Karataş D 2015. İyonize Radyasyon Uygulamalarıyla Elde Edilmiş Üzüm Genotiplerinde Stoma Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi-(Türkiye 8. Bağcılık ve Teknolojileri Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı): 34-39.
- Lawson T, Blatt MR 2014. Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency. . 164(4):1556-1570. DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237107
- Lebon E, ANNE Pellegrino A, Louran GT, Lecoeur J 2006. Branch Development Controls Leaf Area Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Growing in Drying Soil. Annals of Botany 98(1): 175–185, DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl085.
- Ledru AC, Lebon E, Christophe A, Gallo A, Gago P, Pantina F, Agnès Doligezc, Simonneau T 2016. Reduced Nighttime Transpiration is a Relevant Breeding Target for High Water-Use Efficiency in Grapevine. PNAS 113(32) DOI:10.1073/pnas.1600826113
- Leigh A, Sevanto S, Close JD, Nicotra AB 2017. The Influence of Leaf Size and Shape on Leaf Thermal Dynamics: Does Theory Hold Up Under Natural Conditions? Plant Cell Environ. 40(2): 237–248. DOI: 10.1111/pce.12857
- Lorenz D, Eichhorn K, Bleiholder H, Klose R, Meier U, Weber E 1995. Phenological Growth Stages of the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)-Codes and Descriptions According to the Extended BBCH Scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1(2):100-110. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
- Lu J, Zhang Y, Wang J 2010. Genetic Variation and Mechanism of Host Resistance to Downy Mildew Disease Among Oriental Vitis Species. In: Proc. 6th Int. Workshop of Grapevine Downy and Powdery Mildew, Bordeaux, France, 4-9 July 2010. Ed. INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine, UMR 1065 Santé Végétale INRA-ENITA.
- Marasalı B, Aytekin A 2002. Sulanan ve Sulanmayan Bağ Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Stoma Sayısının Karşılaştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (3): 370-372.
- Meneghetti S, Poljuha D, Frare E, Costacurta A, Morreale G, Bavaresco L, Calò A 2012. Inter- and Intra-Varietal Genetic Variability in Malvasia Cultivars. Mol. Biotechnol. 50(3): 189-199. DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9423-5.
- Montoro A, López-Urrea R, Fereres E 2016. Role of Stomata Density in the Water Use of Grapevines. Acta Hortic. 1115: 41-48. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1115.7
- Moutinho-Pereira JM, Gonçalves B, Bacelar E, Cunha B, Coutinho J, Correia CM 2009. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): Physiological and Yield Attributes. Vitis 48(4): 159–165.
- Nicotra AB, Leigh A, Boyce CK, Jones CS, Niklas KJ, Royer DL, Tsukaya H 2011. The Evolution and Functional Significance of Leaf Shape in the Angiosperms. Funct Plant Biol 38(7): 535–552. DOI: 10.1071/fp11057
- Palliotti A, Cartechini A, Ferranti F 2000. Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics of Primary and Lateral Shoot Leaves of Cabernet Franc and Trebbiano Toscano Grapevines Under Two Irradiance Regimes. Am. J. Enol.Vitic. 51(2): 122-130.
- Peppe DJ, Royer DL, Cariglino B, Oliver SY, Newman S, Leight E, Enikolopov G, Fernandez-Burgos M, Herrera F, Adams JM 2011. Sensitivity of Leaf Size and Shape to Climate: Global Patterns and Paleoclimatic
Applications. New Phytol 190(3): 724–739. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03615.x
- Prieto JA, Lebon E, Ojeda H 2010. Stomatal Behavior of Different Grapevıne Cultivars in Response to Soil Water Status and Air Water Vapor Pressure Deficit. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 44(1): 9–20. DOI: 10.20870/oeno-
one.2010.44.1.1459
- Poethig RS 2010. The Past, Present, and Future of Vegetative Phase Change. Plant Physiol 154(2): 541–544. DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.161620
- Rogiers SY, Hardie WJ, Smith JP 2011. Stomatal Density of Grapevine Leaves (Vitis Vinifera L.) Responds to Soil Temperature and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 17(2) : 147-152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2011.00124.x
- Santiago JL, Boso S, Gago P, Alonso-Villaverde V, Martínez MC, 2007. Molecular and Ampelographic Characterisation of Vitis vinifera L. 'Albariño', 'Savagnin Blanc' and 'Caíño Blanco' Shows that They are Different Cultivars. Span. J. Agric. Res. 5(3): 333-340. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2007053-253
- Simonneau T, Lebon E, Ledru AC, Marguerit E, Rossdeutsch L, Ollat N 2017. Adapting Plant Material to Face Water Stress in Vineyards: Which Physiological Targets for an Optimal Control of Plant Water Status? OENO NE 51(2): 167-179. DOI: 10.20870/oeno-one.2016.0.0.1870
- Tardieu F 2011. Any Trait or Trait-Related Allele Can Confer Drought Tolerance: Just Design the Right Drought Scenario. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(1): 25–31. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err269
- Tozer WC, Rice B, Westoby M 2015. Evolutionary Divergence of Leaf Width and Its Correlates. Am. J. Bot. 102(3):367-78. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400379.
- Uyak C, Keskin N, Doğan A, Gazioğlu Şensoy Rİ, Başdinç MA 2016. Van Ekolojisinde Yetişen Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Stoma Yoğunlukları ve Klorofil Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 46: 738-742
- Wang C, He J, Zhao TH, Cao Y, Wang G, Sun B, Yan X, Guo W, Li MH 2019 The Smaller the Leaf Is, the Faster the Leaf Water Loses in a Temperate Forest. Front. Plant Sci. 10(58): 1-12. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00058
- Zobayed SMA, Afreen FC, Kozai T 2001. Large-Scale Photoautotrophic Micropropagation in a Scaled-Up Vessel. Progress in Biotechnology 18: 345-354. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-0423(01)80091-5
The Effects of Water Deficit on Leaf and Stoma Morphological Properties of Wine Grapes in Thrace Region
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 766 - 776, 31.08.2021
Serkan Candar
,
Bekir Açıkbaş
İlknur Korkutal
,
Elman Bahar
Öz
This study was conducted on the semi-controlled conditions on Papazkarası (Clone 289), Adakarası (Clone 153), Karalahana, Yapıncak (Clone 175), Vasilaki, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc grap varieties which grown intensely in the Thrace Region during the 2019 vegetation period. Changes in leaf and stoma features of grape varieties were examined under different water deficit scenarios. While the genetic characteristics of the cultivars were found statistically significant in terms of the criteria examined, the effect of water deficit was only significant for leaf areas. As a result, it was considered that the morphological and physiological characteristics of the cultivars should be evaluated in the adaptation strategies that developed to sustain viticulture under the effects of the climate crisis.
Proje Numarası
TAGEM/BBAD/B/19/A1/P6/06
Kaynakça
- Alonso-Villaverde V, Boso S, Santiago JL, Gago P, Rodriguez-García MI, Martínez MC 2011. Leaf Thickness and Structure of Vitis vinifera cv. Albariño Clones and Its Possible Relation with Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) Infection. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 45(3): 161-169. DOI:10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.3.1492
- Atik F, Dardeniz A 2018. Yalova İncisi Üzüm Çeşidinde Farklı Taç Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Yaprakların Stoma Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 6(Özel sayı) : 33-37
- Balda P, Ibáñez J, Sancha JC, Martínez TF 2013. Characterization and Identification of Minority Red Grape Varieties Recovered in Rioja (Spain), Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 65: 148-152. DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13050
- Bekişli Mİ, Gürsöz S 2016. Harran Ovası Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Amerikan Asma Anaçlarının Yaprak ve Stoma Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Bahçe 45(2): 857-861
- Boso S, Gago P, Alonso-Villaverde V, Santiago JL, Martinez MC 2016. Density and Size of Stomata in the Leaves of Different Hybrids (Vitis sp.) and Vitis vinifera varieties. Vitis 55(1): 17–22. DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2016.55.17-22
- Cramer MD, Hawkins HJ, Verboom GA 2009. The Importance of Nutritional Regulation of Plant Water Flux. Oecologia 161(1): 15–24. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1364-3
- Chitwood DH, Kumar R, Ranjan A, Pelletier JM, Townsley BT, Ichihashi Y, Martinez CC, Zumstein K, Harada JJ, Maloof JN, Sinha NR 2015. Light-Induced Indeterminacy Alters Shade Avoiding Tomato Leaf Morphology. Plant Physiol 169: 2030–2047. DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01229
- Chitwood DH, Klein LL, O’Hanlon R, Chacko S, Greg M, Kitchen C, Miller AJ, Londo JP 2016a. Latent Developmental and Evolutionary Shapes Embedded within the Grapevine Leaf. New Phytol 210(1): 343-355 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13754.
- Chitwood DH, Susan MR, Darren YL, Quaneisha LW, Tommy T, Yu JRL, Daniel G, Julie K, Jason PL 2016b. Climate and Developmental Plasticity: Interannual Variability in Grapevine Leaf Morphology. Plant Physiology 170: 1480–1491. DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01825
- Costa JM, Ortuno MF, Lopes CM, Chaves MM 2012. Grapevine Varieties Exhibiting Differences in Stomatal Response to Water Deficit. Functional Plant Biology 39(3): 179-189. DOI: doi.org/10.1071/FP11156
- Das Gupta M, Nath U 2015. Divergence in Patterns of Leaf Growth Polarity is Associated With the Expression Divergence of miR396. The Plant Cell 27(10): 2785–2799. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00196
- Ergül A, Perez-Rivera G, Söylemezoğlu G, Kazan K, Arroyo-Garcia R 2011. Genetic Diversity in Anatolian Wild Grapes (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) Estimated by SSR Markers. Plant Genet. Resour. 9(3): 375-383. DOI:10.1017/S1479262111000013
- Fanourakis D, Habtamu G, Rube´n M, Roland P, Katrine HK, Marie B, Aleksandar V, Adriano NN, Fabio F, Carl-Otto O 2015. Pore Size Regulates Operating Stomatal Conductance, while Stomatal Densities Drive the Partitioning of Conductance Between Leaf Sides. Annals of Botany 115(4): 555–565, 2015
doi:10.1093/aob/mcu247
- Fraga H 2019. Viticulture and Winemaking Under Climate Change. Agronomy 9(12): 783 DOI:10.3390/agronomy9120783
- Franks PJ, Beerling DJ 2009. Maximum Leaf Conductance Driven by CO2 Effects on Stomatal Size and Density Over Geologic Time. PNAS 106(25) : 10343-10347. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904209106
- Franks PJ, Farquhar GD 2007. The Mechanical Diversity of Stomata and Its Significance in Gas-Exchange Control. Plant Physiology 143(1):78-87. DOI:10.1104/pp.106.089367
- Gargın S 2009. Eğirdir/Isparta Koşullarında Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Stoma Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi. 7. Türkiye Bağcılık ve Teknolojileri Sempozyumu 5-9 Ekim 2009, Manisa
- Gökbayrak Z, Dardeniz A, Bal M 2008. Stomatal Density Adaptation of Grapevine to Windy Conditions. Trakia Journal of Science 6(1): 18-22.
- Ilahi WFF, Ahmad D 2017. A Study on the Physical and Hydraulic Characteristics of Cocopeat Perlite Mixture as a Growing Media in Containerized Plant Production. Sains Malaysiana 46(6): 975–980. DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-17
- İşçi B, Altındişli A, Kaçar E 2015. Farklı Anaçlar Üzerine Aşılı Farklı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Stoma Dağılımı Üzerine Araştırmalar. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3(1): 35–39.
- Konlechner C, Ursula Sauer 2016. Ultrastructural Leaf Features of Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera). OENO ONE 50(4). DOI: 10.20870/oeno-one.2016.50.4.51
- Kunter B, Çakmak G, Keskin N, Değirmenci Karataş D 2015. İyonize Radyasyon Uygulamalarıyla Elde Edilmiş Üzüm Genotiplerinde Stoma Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi-(Türkiye 8. Bağcılık ve Teknolojileri Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı): 34-39.
- Lawson T, Blatt MR 2014. Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency. . 164(4):1556-1570. DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237107
- Lebon E, ANNE Pellegrino A, Louran GT, Lecoeur J 2006. Branch Development Controls Leaf Area Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Growing in Drying Soil. Annals of Botany 98(1): 175–185, DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl085.
- Ledru AC, Lebon E, Christophe A, Gallo A, Gago P, Pantina F, Agnès Doligezc, Simonneau T 2016. Reduced Nighttime Transpiration is a Relevant Breeding Target for High Water-Use Efficiency in Grapevine. PNAS 113(32) DOI:10.1073/pnas.1600826113
- Leigh A, Sevanto S, Close JD, Nicotra AB 2017. The Influence of Leaf Size and Shape on Leaf Thermal Dynamics: Does Theory Hold Up Under Natural Conditions? Plant Cell Environ. 40(2): 237–248. DOI: 10.1111/pce.12857
- Lorenz D, Eichhorn K, Bleiholder H, Klose R, Meier U, Weber E 1995. Phenological Growth Stages of the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)-Codes and Descriptions According to the Extended BBCH Scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1(2):100-110. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
- Lu J, Zhang Y, Wang J 2010. Genetic Variation and Mechanism of Host Resistance to Downy Mildew Disease Among Oriental Vitis Species. In: Proc. 6th Int. Workshop of Grapevine Downy and Powdery Mildew, Bordeaux, France, 4-9 July 2010. Ed. INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine, UMR 1065 Santé Végétale INRA-ENITA.
- Marasalı B, Aytekin A 2002. Sulanan ve Sulanmayan Bağ Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Stoma Sayısının Karşılaştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (3): 370-372.
- Meneghetti S, Poljuha D, Frare E, Costacurta A, Morreale G, Bavaresco L, Calò A 2012. Inter- and Intra-Varietal Genetic Variability in Malvasia Cultivars. Mol. Biotechnol. 50(3): 189-199. DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9423-5.
- Montoro A, López-Urrea R, Fereres E 2016. Role of Stomata Density in the Water Use of Grapevines. Acta Hortic. 1115: 41-48. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1115.7
- Moutinho-Pereira JM, Gonçalves B, Bacelar E, Cunha B, Coutinho J, Correia CM 2009. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): Physiological and Yield Attributes. Vitis 48(4): 159–165.
- Nicotra AB, Leigh A, Boyce CK, Jones CS, Niklas KJ, Royer DL, Tsukaya H 2011. The Evolution and Functional Significance of Leaf Shape in the Angiosperms. Funct Plant Biol 38(7): 535–552. DOI: 10.1071/fp11057
- Palliotti A, Cartechini A, Ferranti F 2000. Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics of Primary and Lateral Shoot Leaves of Cabernet Franc and Trebbiano Toscano Grapevines Under Two Irradiance Regimes. Am. J. Enol.Vitic. 51(2): 122-130.
- Peppe DJ, Royer DL, Cariglino B, Oliver SY, Newman S, Leight E, Enikolopov G, Fernandez-Burgos M, Herrera F, Adams JM 2011. Sensitivity of Leaf Size and Shape to Climate: Global Patterns and Paleoclimatic
Applications. New Phytol 190(3): 724–739. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03615.x
- Prieto JA, Lebon E, Ojeda H 2010. Stomatal Behavior of Different Grapevıne Cultivars in Response to Soil Water Status and Air Water Vapor Pressure Deficit. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 44(1): 9–20. DOI: 10.20870/oeno-
one.2010.44.1.1459
- Poethig RS 2010. The Past, Present, and Future of Vegetative Phase Change. Plant Physiol 154(2): 541–544. DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.161620
- Rogiers SY, Hardie WJ, Smith JP 2011. Stomatal Density of Grapevine Leaves (Vitis Vinifera L.) Responds to Soil Temperature and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 17(2) : 147-152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2011.00124.x
- Santiago JL, Boso S, Gago P, Alonso-Villaverde V, Martínez MC, 2007. Molecular and Ampelographic Characterisation of Vitis vinifera L. 'Albariño', 'Savagnin Blanc' and 'Caíño Blanco' Shows that They are Different Cultivars. Span. J. Agric. Res. 5(3): 333-340. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2007053-253
- Simonneau T, Lebon E, Ledru AC, Marguerit E, Rossdeutsch L, Ollat N 2017. Adapting Plant Material to Face Water Stress in Vineyards: Which Physiological Targets for an Optimal Control of Plant Water Status? OENO NE 51(2): 167-179. DOI: 10.20870/oeno-one.2016.0.0.1870
- Tardieu F 2011. Any Trait or Trait-Related Allele Can Confer Drought Tolerance: Just Design the Right Drought Scenario. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(1): 25–31. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err269
- Tozer WC, Rice B, Westoby M 2015. Evolutionary Divergence of Leaf Width and Its Correlates. Am. J. Bot. 102(3):367-78. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400379.
- Uyak C, Keskin N, Doğan A, Gazioğlu Şensoy Rİ, Başdinç MA 2016. Van Ekolojisinde Yetişen Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Stoma Yoğunlukları ve Klorofil Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 46: 738-742
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