Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, yozlaşma yüzdesi indeksi, döviz kuru ve Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla parametrelerini kullanarak yozlaşma ve tarımsal ihracat değişkenleri arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimleri araştırmaktır. Çalışma, Gambiya ülkesini odağa almakta ancak karşılaştırma yapabilmek amacıyla rekabet halinde olunan komşu ülkeleri de ele almaktadır. Çalışma, altı Sahraaltı Afrika ülkesini, panel data değerlerine dayanarak, tarımsal ihracat değişkenlerinin belirleyicilerini analiz etmek amacıyla multi-nominal logit model kurmaktadır. Sonuçlar, yozlaşma değer indeksinin tarımsal ihracat üzerinde belirli oranlarda etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Önceki yıllardaki yozlaşma üretim indeks değerlerinin, Sahraaltı Afrika ülkelerinin mevcut yıldaki tarımsal ihracatını etkilediği görülmektedir. GSMH’deki artışlar, yozlaşma oranı indeksine paralel olarak tarımsal ihracata fayda sağlamaktadır. Bu noktada, politika yapıcılar, ticaret sektörü, iş ve sivil toplum hareketleri ve çeşitli hükümet yaklaşımları yolsuzluk atmosferinin önlenmesinde önem taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, tarımsal ihracat ve yozlaşma etkileşiminin nasıl olduğunu keşfetme ve teorik bir çerçeve oluşturma noktasında ilk örneği oluşturmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yozlaşma Tarımsal ihracat Multinomial logit model Afrika Gambiya
Kaynakça
- Anderson J, Marcouiller D 2002. Insecurity and the Pattern of Trade: An Empirical Investigation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(2): 342-352.
- Anonymous 2019. Our world in data international web page. Global Economic Inequality. https://ourworldindata.org/global-economic-inequality.
- Apergis N, Dincer OC, Payne JE 2010. The relationship between corruption and income inequality in US states: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Public Choice, 145(1): 125–135.
- Baklouti N, Baujelbene Y 2016. Moderation of the Relationship Between Size of Government and Corruption by Democracy. Journal of Knowledge Economy, 9(4): 1210-1223
- Blackburn K, Gonzalo FP 2010. Financial liberalization, bureaucratic corruption and economic development. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(7): 1321-1339.
- Bhattacharyya S, Hodler R 2015. Media freedom and democracy in the fight against corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 39: 13-24.
- Cai D, Wang LF, Wu X 2018. Governance, privatization and foreign direct investment, Nankai Business Review International. 9(4): 569-586.
- Cieslik A, Goczek L 2018. Control of corruption, international investment, and economic growth-evidence from panel data. World Development 103: 323-335.
- Desta MG, Hirsch M 2012. African Countries in the world trading system: International trade domestic institutions and the role of international law. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 61: 127-170.
- Dimant E, Tosato G 2017. Causes and effects of corruption: what has past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey, Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(2): 335-356.
- Dincer OC 2008. Ethnic and religious diversity and corruption. Economic Letters, 99(1): 98-102.
- Efobi U 2015. Politicians’ Attributes and Institutional Quality in Africa: A Focus on Corruption. Journal of Economic Issues, 49(3): 787-813.
- Gibba A 2017. The competitiveness of Gambia’s agricultural products in international trade: an incentive for economic progress, Szent Istvan University of Hungary PhD Thesis.
- Glover SH, Bumpus MA, Logan JE, Ciesla JR 1997. Reexamining the influence of individual values on ethical decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics 16(12/13): 1319–1329.
- Goel RK, Nelson MA 2010. Causes of Corruption: History, Geography and Government. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(4): 433-447.
- Gorsira M, Steg L, Denkers A, Huisman W 2018. Corruption in organizations: Ethical climate and individual motives. Administrative Science, 8( 1): 1-19.
- Hill RC, Griffiths WE, Lim GC 2011. Principles of Econometrics, New York.
- Holbrok TM, Meier KJ 1992. I Seen My Opportunities and I Took 'Em:" Political Corruption in the American States. The Journal of Politics, 54(1): 135-155.
- IMF 2000. International Monetary Fund Working Report in Ed: Basu A, Calamitsis E.A, Ghura D, “Promoting growth in Sub-Saharan Africa Learning What Works, USA.
- Kaufmann D, Wei SJ 1999. Does grease Money speed up the wheels of commerce? National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series 7093, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Mlambo DN, Mubecua MA, Mpanza SE, Mlambo VH 2019. Corruption and its implications for development and good governance: A perspective from post-colonial Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 11(1): 39-47.
- Motsoari C, Cloete PP, Schalkwyk HDV 2015. An Analysis of Factors Affecting Access to Credit in Lesotho’s Smallholder Agricultural Sector. Development Southern Africa, 32(5): 592-602.
- Musila JW 2019. Anticorruption Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Experience and Ingredients of a Successful Strategy. Journal of African Business, 20(2): 180-194.
- Neudorfer B, Neudorfer NS 2015. Decentralization and Political Corruption: Disaggregating Regional Authority. Publius-The Journal of Federalism, 45(1): 24-50.
- Nurtegin K, Czap JJ 2002. Corruption: Democracy, autocracy, and political stability. Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(1): 51-66.
- Otaiku A 2018. The Gambia Agro-Corridor : Agriculture Value Chain Development ARATIBIOTECH Limited Joint Venture with The Gambia, West Africa Proposal. Ministry of Agriculture The Gambia West Africa, no. 2.
- Paldam M 2002. The cross-country pattern of corruption: economics, culture and the seesaw Dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(2): 215-240.
- Peiffer C, Rose R 2016. Why are the poor more vulnerable to bribery in Africa? The institutional effects of services. The Journal of Development Studies, 54(1): 18-29.
- Pellegrini L, Gerlagh R 2008. Causes of corruption: A survey of cross-country analyses and extended results. Economic of Governance, 9: 245-263.
- Persson T, Tabellini G, Trebbi F 2003. Electoral Rules and Corruption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1: 958-989.
- Pose RA, Zhang M 2019. Government institutions and the Dynamics of urban Growth in China. Journal of Regional Science, 59(4): 1-36.
- Sandholtz W, Koetzle W 2000. Accounting for corruption: Economic structure, democracy and trade. International Studies Quarterly, 44(1): 31-50.
- Saha S, Gounder R, Su JJ 2009. The interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country analysis. Economic Letters, 105(2): 173-176.
- Seim B, Robinson AL 2019. Coethnicity and corruption: Field experimental evidence from public officials in Malawi. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 1-42.
- Transparency International 2019. Corruption Perception Index. Full Soruce Description.
- Treisman D 2000. The causes of corruption: A cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3): 399-457.
- Torrez J 2002. The Effect of Openness on Corruption. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 11(4): 387-403.
- Uberti LJ 2018. Corruption in transition economies: Socialist, Ottoman or structural? Economic Systems, 42(4): 533-555.
- Verter N 2017. International Trade: The position of Africa in Global Merchandise Trade Edition In: Emerging Issues in Economics and Development. Intech Open, 65-88.
- Whalley J 2003. Liberalization in China’s Key Service Sectors Following WTO Accession: Some Scenarios and Issues Measurement, Working Paper 10143, National Bureau of Economic Research, Massachusetts.
- Zakharov N 2019. Does corruption hinder investment? Evidence from Russian regions? European Journal of Political Economy, 56: 39-61.
Öz
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutual interaction between corruption and agricultural export variations with using corruption perception index, exchange rate and gross domestic product affect. Study, centers the Gambia country, but her neighbour and competitive countries in order to make comparisons. Study constructs a multinominal logit model to analyze the determinants of agricultural export variations and depends on panel data belongs to six Sub-Saharan African countries. Study shows that, the corruption perception index had a probality on agricultural export. Value of corruption production index in the previous year was likely to contribute to the current agricultural export of Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Increases at Gross Domestic Product provide benefits to agricultural export in parallel with corruption perception index. Policy makers, trade sector, business and civil society movements and governmental approaches have significance on preventing corruption climate atmosphere. To the best of authors knowledge, this study constitutes the first attempt to build a theoretical framework to explore how the interactions between determinants of agricultural export variations and corruption inflluence.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Corruption Agricultural export Multinomial logit model Africa Gambia
Kaynakça
- Anderson J, Marcouiller D 2002. Insecurity and the Pattern of Trade: An Empirical Investigation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(2): 342-352.
- Anonymous 2019. Our world in data international web page. Global Economic Inequality. https://ourworldindata.org/global-economic-inequality.
- Apergis N, Dincer OC, Payne JE 2010. The relationship between corruption and income inequality in US states: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Public Choice, 145(1): 125–135.
- Baklouti N, Baujelbene Y 2016. Moderation of the Relationship Between Size of Government and Corruption by Democracy. Journal of Knowledge Economy, 9(4): 1210-1223
- Blackburn K, Gonzalo FP 2010. Financial liberalization, bureaucratic corruption and economic development. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(7): 1321-1339.
- Bhattacharyya S, Hodler R 2015. Media freedom and democracy in the fight against corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 39: 13-24.
- Cai D, Wang LF, Wu X 2018. Governance, privatization and foreign direct investment, Nankai Business Review International. 9(4): 569-586.
- Cieslik A, Goczek L 2018. Control of corruption, international investment, and economic growth-evidence from panel data. World Development 103: 323-335.
- Desta MG, Hirsch M 2012. African Countries in the world trading system: International trade domestic institutions and the role of international law. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 61: 127-170.
- Dimant E, Tosato G 2017. Causes and effects of corruption: what has past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey, Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(2): 335-356.
- Dincer OC 2008. Ethnic and religious diversity and corruption. Economic Letters, 99(1): 98-102.
- Efobi U 2015. Politicians’ Attributes and Institutional Quality in Africa: A Focus on Corruption. Journal of Economic Issues, 49(3): 787-813.
- Gibba A 2017. The competitiveness of Gambia’s agricultural products in international trade: an incentive for economic progress, Szent Istvan University of Hungary PhD Thesis.
- Glover SH, Bumpus MA, Logan JE, Ciesla JR 1997. Reexamining the influence of individual values on ethical decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics 16(12/13): 1319–1329.
- Goel RK, Nelson MA 2010. Causes of Corruption: History, Geography and Government. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(4): 433-447.
- Gorsira M, Steg L, Denkers A, Huisman W 2018. Corruption in organizations: Ethical climate and individual motives. Administrative Science, 8( 1): 1-19.
- Hill RC, Griffiths WE, Lim GC 2011. Principles of Econometrics, New York.
- Holbrok TM, Meier KJ 1992. I Seen My Opportunities and I Took 'Em:" Political Corruption in the American States. The Journal of Politics, 54(1): 135-155.
- IMF 2000. International Monetary Fund Working Report in Ed: Basu A, Calamitsis E.A, Ghura D, “Promoting growth in Sub-Saharan Africa Learning What Works, USA.
- Kaufmann D, Wei SJ 1999. Does grease Money speed up the wheels of commerce? National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series 7093, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Mlambo DN, Mubecua MA, Mpanza SE, Mlambo VH 2019. Corruption and its implications for development and good governance: A perspective from post-colonial Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 11(1): 39-47.
- Motsoari C, Cloete PP, Schalkwyk HDV 2015. An Analysis of Factors Affecting Access to Credit in Lesotho’s Smallholder Agricultural Sector. Development Southern Africa, 32(5): 592-602.
- Musila JW 2019. Anticorruption Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Experience and Ingredients of a Successful Strategy. Journal of African Business, 20(2): 180-194.
- Neudorfer B, Neudorfer NS 2015. Decentralization and Political Corruption: Disaggregating Regional Authority. Publius-The Journal of Federalism, 45(1): 24-50.
- Nurtegin K, Czap JJ 2002. Corruption: Democracy, autocracy, and political stability. Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(1): 51-66.
- Otaiku A 2018. The Gambia Agro-Corridor : Agriculture Value Chain Development ARATIBIOTECH Limited Joint Venture with The Gambia, West Africa Proposal. Ministry of Agriculture The Gambia West Africa, no. 2.
- Paldam M 2002. The cross-country pattern of corruption: economics, culture and the seesaw Dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(2): 215-240.
- Peiffer C, Rose R 2016. Why are the poor more vulnerable to bribery in Africa? The institutional effects of services. The Journal of Development Studies, 54(1): 18-29.
- Pellegrini L, Gerlagh R 2008. Causes of corruption: A survey of cross-country analyses and extended results. Economic of Governance, 9: 245-263.
- Persson T, Tabellini G, Trebbi F 2003. Electoral Rules and Corruption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1: 958-989.
- Pose RA, Zhang M 2019. Government institutions and the Dynamics of urban Growth in China. Journal of Regional Science, 59(4): 1-36.
- Sandholtz W, Koetzle W 2000. Accounting for corruption: Economic structure, democracy and trade. International Studies Quarterly, 44(1): 31-50.
- Saha S, Gounder R, Su JJ 2009. The interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country analysis. Economic Letters, 105(2): 173-176.
- Seim B, Robinson AL 2019. Coethnicity and corruption: Field experimental evidence from public officials in Malawi. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 1-42.
- Transparency International 2019. Corruption Perception Index. Full Soruce Description.
- Treisman D 2000. The causes of corruption: A cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3): 399-457.
- Torrez J 2002. The Effect of Openness on Corruption. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 11(4): 387-403.
- Uberti LJ 2018. Corruption in transition economies: Socialist, Ottoman or structural? Economic Systems, 42(4): 533-555.
- Verter N 2017. International Trade: The position of Africa in Global Merchandise Trade Edition In: Emerging Issues in Economics and Development. Intech Open, 65-88.
- Whalley J 2003. Liberalization in China’s Key Service Sectors Following WTO Accession: Some Scenarios and Issues Measurement, Working Paper 10143, National Bureau of Economic Research, Massachusetts.
- Zakharov N 2019. Does corruption hinder investment? Evidence from Russian regions? European Journal of Political Economy, 56: 39-61.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Temmuz 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Kasım 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4 |
Cited By
Nijerya'daki Savunmasız Grubun Gıda Güvensizliği ve Diyet Çeşitliliği. Sürücüler ve Başa Çıkma Stratejileri
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1102888
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