Beauveria bassiana Konidilerinin Katı Faz Fermantasyonu ile Kitlesel Üretimi için Bazı Tahılların İncelenmesi
Öz
Bu çalışma, depolanmış tahıl zararlılarına karşı etkili olduğu bilinen Beauveria bassiana izolatı 5-4'ün kitlesel üretimi için beş substratı (tam pirinç, kırık pirinç, dövme, buğday ve bulgur) test etmek için yürütüldü. Katı faz fermantasyon tekniği kullanılmış ve substratların başarısını değerlendirmek için ürün miktarı, konidi sayısı, çimlenme, hidrofobisite ve konidi termotoleransı ve elde edilen konidilerin Rhyzopertha dominica erginleri üzerindeki virülenslikleri kullanıldı. Üretim için, polipropilen bir torba içinde 100 g substrat kullanıldı. Sterilizasyon ve ardından inokulasyondan sonra torbalar kapatıldı ve 25°C sıcaklıkta 14 gün inkübe edildi. Hidrofobisite, iki faz olarak likid paraffin ve PM tamponu ile sulu çözücü ayırma yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Termotölerans testleri, konidilerin 35, 40 ve 45°C sıcaklığa 15, 30 ve 60 dakika süreyle maruz bırakılmasıyla gerçekleştirildi. Virülenslik testinde yetişkinler, konidi ile karıştırılmış 40 gr buğdayın içine bırakıldı 25°C sıcaklık ve % 65 nispi nemde karanlık ortamda 14 gün bekletildi. En yüksek ürün miktarı tam pirinç (4.10 gr/torba) kullanılarak elde edilirken, bunu kırık pirinç, buğday, dövme ve bulgur izledi. En yüksek konidi sayısı, kırık pirinç (10.24x1010konidi/g) ve tam pirinç (9.62x1010konidi/g) kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Konidilerin çimlenme oranları önemli ölçüde değişmedi. Buğday kullanılarak önemli ölçüde daha yüksek hidrofobisite oranı elde edilmiştir (% 88.73). Bulgur ve buğdaydan elde edilen konidiler, diğer substratlardan elde edilen konidilere kıyasla daha yüksek termotölerans gösterdi. Tam pirinç ve kırık pirinçten elde edilen konidi, sırasıyla % 80,3 ve % 72,0 ile diğerlerinden önemli ölçüde daha yüksek ölüme neden oldu. Pirincin, bu izolat için daha iyi bir seçim olduğu bulundu, çünkü asıl amaç, zayıf özelliklerinin farkında olmakla birlikte zararlı popülasyonlarını baskılamaktır. Substratların değerlendirilmesi için üretilen konidinin tüm önemli özelliklerini birlikte test etmenin çok önemli olduğu bulundu.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kitlesel üretim Beauveria bassiana Hidrofobisite Patojenite Termotolerans
Kaynakça
- Arthur FH, 1996. Grain protectants: current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32: 293-302.
- Athanassiou CG, Palyvos, N.E., 2006. Laboratory evaluation of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Blattisocius keegani Fox (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) and Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Prostigmata: Cheyletidae). Biological Control, 38: 350-355.
- Cherry AJ, Jenkins NE, Bateman R, Lomer CJ, Heviefo G, 1999. A West African pilot scale production plant for aerial conidia of Metarhizium sp. for use as a mycoinsecticide against locusts and grasshoppers. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9, 35-51.
- Cherry AJ, Abalo P, Hell K, 2005. A laboratory assessment of the potential of different strains of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) to control Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpea. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 295-309.
- Borisade OA, Magan N, 2014. Growth and sporulation of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium anisopliae , Isaria farinosa and Isaria fumosorosea strains in relation to water activity and temperature interactions. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 24(9), 999–1011.
- Feng FC, Liu B.L, Tzeng YM, 2000. Verticillium lecanii spore production in solid-state and liquid-state fermentations. Bioprocess Engineering, 23: 25-29.
- Gangwar GP, 2013. Evaluation of different substrates for mass multiplication of Beauveria bassiana ( Balsamo ) Vuillemin, Agriculture Science Digestion, 33(4), 321–323.
- Humphreys AM, Matewele P, Trinci APJ, Gillespie AT, 1989. Effects of water activity on morphology, growth and blastospore production of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces farinosus in batch and fed-batch culture. Mycological Research 92: 275–264.
- Kassa A, Brownbridge M, Parker BL, Skinner M, Skinner GV, Gouli SM, Lee F, Hata T, 2008. Whey for mass production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycological Research, 112: 583-591.
- Kim JS, Kassa A, Skinner M, Hata T, Parker BL, 2011. Production of thermotolerant entomopathogenic fungal conidia on millet grain. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 38(6), 697–704.
- Latifian M, Rad B, Amani M, Rahkhodaei E, 2013. Mass production of Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) by using agricultural products based on liquid-solid diphasic method for date palm pest control. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Protection, 5 (19), 2337-2341.
- Lizzy AM, Mark DL, Ray MM, 2015. Effects of surfactants and temperature on germination and vegetative growth of Beauveria bassiana. Brazilian journal of Microbiology, 46, 1, 67-74.
- Lomer CJ, Bateman RP, Dent D, De Geroote H, Douro-Kpindou O-K, Kooyman, C, Langewald J, Ouambama Z, Peveling R, Thomas M, 1999. Development of strategies for the incorporation of biological pesticides into the integrated management of locusts and grasshoppers. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 1: 71–88.
- Patil NB, Mallapur CP, Sujay YH, 2011. Suitability of different natural substrates for mass production of entomopathogenic fungus Acremonium zeylanicum, International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol. 4(2), 252–255.
- Mar TT, Lumyong S, 2012. Conidial production of entomopathogenic fungi in solid state fermentation. KKU Research Journal, 17(5), 762–768.
- Michalaki MP, Athanassiou CG, Teenberg T, Buchelos CTh, 2007. Effect of Paecilomycesfumosoroseus (Wise) Brown and Smith (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Biological Control, 40: 280-286.
- Moino Jr A, Alves SB, Pereira RM, 1998. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolates for control of stored-grain pests. Journal of Applied Entomology, 122: 301-305.
- Moore D, Higgins PM, 1997. Viability of stored conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozyspal produced under different culture regimes and stored with clays. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 7, 335-344.
- Nirmala R, Ramanujan B, Rabindra RJ, Rao NS, 2005. Growth parameters of some isolates of entomofungal pathogens and production of dust-free conidia on rice medium. Journal of Biological Control, 19(2): 121-128.
- Padín S, Dal Bello G, Fabrizio M, 2002. Grain loss caused by Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae and Acanthoscelides obtectus in stored durum wheat and beans treated with Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38(1), 69–74.
- Patil SD, Kadam JR, Chandele AG, Wagh SS, Jadhav RS, 2014. Growth, development and viability of Metarhizium anisopliae on media with various nutrient sources. International Journal of Plant Protection, 7(2): 420-423.
- Rice WC, Cogburn RR, 1999. Activity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against three coleopteran pests of stored grain. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92: 691-694.
- Sewify GH, Shabrawy HA, Eweis ME, Naroz MH, 2014. Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for controlling certain stored product insects. Egytian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24 (1): 191-196.
- Shah FA, Wang CS, Butt TM, 2005. Nutrition influences growth and virulence of insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Microbial Letters, 251, 259-266.
- Shah FA, Safavi SA, Pakdel AK, Rasoulian GR, Bandani AR, Butt TM, 2007. Effect of nutrion on growth and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Microbial Letters, 270, 116-123.
- Shams G, Safaralizadeh MH, Imani S, Shojai M, Aramideh S, 2011. A laboratory assessment of the potential of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Beauvarin) to control Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5: 1192-1196.
- Wraight SP, Carruthers RI, 1999. Production, delivery and use of mycoinsecticides for control of insect pests on field crops. In: Hall, F. R. and Menn, J. J. (eds.), Biopesticides Use and Delivery. Humana Press, New Jersey, pp 233–269.
- Wraight SP, Jackson MA, Kock SL, 2001. Production, stabilization and formulation of fungal biocontrol agents. In: Butt, T. M., Jackson, C. W.and Magan, N. (eds.), Fungi as biocontrol agents: progress, problems and potential, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 253–287. Ye SD, Ying SH, Chen C, Feng MG, 2006. New solid-state fermentation chamber for bulk production of aerial conidia of fungal biocontrol agents on rice. Biotechnology Letters, 28:799-804.
- Ying SH, Feng MG, 2004. Relationship between thermotolerance and hydrophobin-like proteins in aerial conidia of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus as fungal biocontrol agents. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 97:323–331.
Examining Some Cereals for Mass Production of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Conidia by Solid State Fermentation
Öz
This study was conducted to test five substrates (whole rice, broken rice, dovme, wheat and burghul) for the mass production of Beauveria bassiana isolate 5-4, known to be affective against stored-cereal pests. A solid-state fermentation technique was used, and amount of product, number of conidia, germination, hydrophobicity and thermotolerance of conidia, and their virulence on Rhyzopertha dominica adults were used to evaluate the success of substrates. For production, 100 g of a substrate was used in a polypropylene bag. After sterilization and inoculation, the bags were sealed and incubated for 14 days at 25ºC. Hydrophobicity was assessed using the aqueous-solvent partitioning method with PM buffer, and liquid paraffin as two phases. Thermotolerance tests were conducted by exposing conidia to 35, 40 and 45°C for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In virulence test, adults were released into 40 gr wheat mixed with conidia and kept at 25oC and 65% relative humidity in darkness for 14 days. The highest amount of product was obtained by using whole rice (4.10g/bag), followed by broken rice, wheat, dövme and burghul. The highest number of conidia was achieved using broken rice (10.24x1010conidia/g) and whole rice (9.62x1010conidia/g). The germination rates of conidia did not vary significantly. Significantly higher hydrophobicity rate was obtained using wheat (88.73%). The conidia from burghul and wheat showed higher thermotolerance than those from other substrates. The conidia obtained from whole rice and broken rice caused 80.3% and 72.0% mortalities, respectively, significantly higher than the others. Rice was found to be a better choice for this isolate as the ultimate purpose is to suppress pest populations, with awareness of its shortcomings. It was found crucial to test all important characteristics of produced conidia together for assessment of substrates.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mass production Beauveria bassiana Hydrophobicity Pathogenicity Thermotholerance
Kaynakça
- Arthur FH, 1996. Grain protectants: current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32: 293-302.
- Athanassiou CG, Palyvos, N.E., 2006. Laboratory evaluation of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Blattisocius keegani Fox (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) and Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Prostigmata: Cheyletidae). Biological Control, 38: 350-355.
- Cherry AJ, Jenkins NE, Bateman R, Lomer CJ, Heviefo G, 1999. A West African pilot scale production plant for aerial conidia of Metarhizium sp. for use as a mycoinsecticide against locusts and grasshoppers. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9, 35-51.
- Cherry AJ, Abalo P, Hell K, 2005. A laboratory assessment of the potential of different strains of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) to control Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpea. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 295-309.
- Borisade OA, Magan N, 2014. Growth and sporulation of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium anisopliae , Isaria farinosa and Isaria fumosorosea strains in relation to water activity and temperature interactions. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 24(9), 999–1011.
- Feng FC, Liu B.L, Tzeng YM, 2000. Verticillium lecanii spore production in solid-state and liquid-state fermentations. Bioprocess Engineering, 23: 25-29.
- Gangwar GP, 2013. Evaluation of different substrates for mass multiplication of Beauveria bassiana ( Balsamo ) Vuillemin, Agriculture Science Digestion, 33(4), 321–323.
- Humphreys AM, Matewele P, Trinci APJ, Gillespie AT, 1989. Effects of water activity on morphology, growth and blastospore production of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces farinosus in batch and fed-batch culture. Mycological Research 92: 275–264.
- Kassa A, Brownbridge M, Parker BL, Skinner M, Skinner GV, Gouli SM, Lee F, Hata T, 2008. Whey for mass production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycological Research, 112: 583-591.
- Kim JS, Kassa A, Skinner M, Hata T, Parker BL, 2011. Production of thermotolerant entomopathogenic fungal conidia on millet grain. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 38(6), 697–704.
- Latifian M, Rad B, Amani M, Rahkhodaei E, 2013. Mass production of Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) by using agricultural products based on liquid-solid diphasic method for date palm pest control. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Protection, 5 (19), 2337-2341.
- Lizzy AM, Mark DL, Ray MM, 2015. Effects of surfactants and temperature on germination and vegetative growth of Beauveria bassiana. Brazilian journal of Microbiology, 46, 1, 67-74.
- Lomer CJ, Bateman RP, Dent D, De Geroote H, Douro-Kpindou O-K, Kooyman, C, Langewald J, Ouambama Z, Peveling R, Thomas M, 1999. Development of strategies for the incorporation of biological pesticides into the integrated management of locusts and grasshoppers. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 1: 71–88.
- Patil NB, Mallapur CP, Sujay YH, 2011. Suitability of different natural substrates for mass production of entomopathogenic fungus Acremonium zeylanicum, International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol. 4(2), 252–255.
- Mar TT, Lumyong S, 2012. Conidial production of entomopathogenic fungi in solid state fermentation. KKU Research Journal, 17(5), 762–768.
- Michalaki MP, Athanassiou CG, Teenberg T, Buchelos CTh, 2007. Effect of Paecilomycesfumosoroseus (Wise) Brown and Smith (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Biological Control, 40: 280-286.
- Moino Jr A, Alves SB, Pereira RM, 1998. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolates for control of stored-grain pests. Journal of Applied Entomology, 122: 301-305.
- Moore D, Higgins PM, 1997. Viability of stored conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozyspal produced under different culture regimes and stored with clays. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 7, 335-344.
- Nirmala R, Ramanujan B, Rabindra RJ, Rao NS, 2005. Growth parameters of some isolates of entomofungal pathogens and production of dust-free conidia on rice medium. Journal of Biological Control, 19(2): 121-128.
- Padín S, Dal Bello G, Fabrizio M, 2002. Grain loss caused by Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae and Acanthoscelides obtectus in stored durum wheat and beans treated with Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38(1), 69–74.
- Patil SD, Kadam JR, Chandele AG, Wagh SS, Jadhav RS, 2014. Growth, development and viability of Metarhizium anisopliae on media with various nutrient sources. International Journal of Plant Protection, 7(2): 420-423.
- Rice WC, Cogburn RR, 1999. Activity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against three coleopteran pests of stored grain. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92: 691-694.
- Sewify GH, Shabrawy HA, Eweis ME, Naroz MH, 2014. Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for controlling certain stored product insects. Egytian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24 (1): 191-196.
- Shah FA, Wang CS, Butt TM, 2005. Nutrition influences growth and virulence of insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Microbial Letters, 251, 259-266.
- Shah FA, Safavi SA, Pakdel AK, Rasoulian GR, Bandani AR, Butt TM, 2007. Effect of nutrion on growth and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Microbial Letters, 270, 116-123.
- Shams G, Safaralizadeh MH, Imani S, Shojai M, Aramideh S, 2011. A laboratory assessment of the potential of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Beauvarin) to control Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5: 1192-1196.
- Wraight SP, Carruthers RI, 1999. Production, delivery and use of mycoinsecticides for control of insect pests on field crops. In: Hall, F. R. and Menn, J. J. (eds.), Biopesticides Use and Delivery. Humana Press, New Jersey, pp 233–269.
- Wraight SP, Jackson MA, Kock SL, 2001. Production, stabilization and formulation of fungal biocontrol agents. In: Butt, T. M., Jackson, C. W.and Magan, N. (eds.), Fungi as biocontrol agents: progress, problems and potential, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 253–287. Ye SD, Ying SH, Chen C, Feng MG, 2006. New solid-state fermentation chamber for bulk production of aerial conidia of fungal biocontrol agents on rice. Biotechnology Letters, 28:799-804.
- Ying SH, Feng MG, 2004. Relationship between thermotolerance and hydrophobin-like proteins in aerial conidia of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus as fungal biocontrol agents. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 97:323–331.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Kasım 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 25 Mart 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 24 Sayı: 6 |
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2022-JIF = 0.500
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