Araştırma Makalesi
Microtus daghestanicus (Rodentia: Arvicolinae) türünün sitogenetik özellikleri: Standart ve C bantlı karyotipler
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Microtus daghestanicus türünün standart karyotipi ve kromozomların C-bant özellikleri belirlenerek, yakın türler arasındaki karyolojik özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. M. daghestanicus türünün diploid kromozom sayısı 2n=54 ve otozomal kromozomların kol sayısı NFa=54 şeklindedir. M. daghestanicus karyotipinde bir çift küçük metasentrik ve 25 çift farklı büyüklüklerde akrosentrik kromozom bulunmaktadır. X kromozomu büyük metasentriktir. Akrosentrik otozomal kromozomlarda pozitif C-bantlar perisentromerik bölgededir. İlaveten küçük metasentrik kromozom çiftinde heterokromatin blok bulunmaktadır. M. daghestanicus türünün X kromozomunun uzun kolunda genişlemiş heterokromatin blok bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Dagıstan çam tarla faresi Konstitütif heterokromatin Kromozom Tarla faresi
Kaynakça
- Acosta, M.J., Marchal, J.A., Fernández-Espartero, C.H., Bullejos, M. & Sánchez, A. (2008). Retroelements (LINEs and SINEs) in vole genomes: Differential distribution in the constitutive heterochromatin. Chromosome Research 16, 949-959.
- Acosta, M.J., Marchal, J.A., Mitsainas, G.P., Rovatsos, M.T., Fernández-Espartero, C.H., Giagia-Athanasopoulou, E.B. & Sánchez, A. (2009). A new pericentromeric repeated DNA sequence in Microtus thomasi. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 124:27-36.
- Akhverdyan, M.R., Lyapunova, E.A. & Vorontsov, N.N. (1992). Karyology and systematics of the shrub voles of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia (Terricola, Arvicolinae, Rodentia). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 71, 96–110 (in Russian with English summary).
- Baskevich, M.I. (1997). A comparative analysis of structural features of spermatozoa and karyotypes in three species of shrub voles: Terricola majori, T. daghestanicus and T. subterraneus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the former USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 76, 597–607 (in Russian with English summary).
- Baskevich, M.I., Potapov, S.G. & Mironova, T.A. (2016). Caucasian cryptic species of rodents as models in research on the problems of species and speciation. Biology Bulletin Reviews 6(3): 245–259.
- Bogdanov, A.S., Khlyap, L.A., Kefelioğlu, H., Selçuk, A.Y., Stakheev, V.V., & Baskevich, M.I. (2021). High molecular variability in three pine vole species of the subgenus Terricola (Microtus, Arvicolinae) and plausible source of polymorphism. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 59, 2519– 2538.
- Borodin, P.M, Sablina, O.V. & Rodionova, M.I. (1995). Pattern of X-Y chromosome pairing in microtine rodents. Hereditas 123, 17–23.
- Burgos, M., Jiménez, R., Olmos, D.M. & Diaz de la Guardia, R. (1988). Heterogeneous heterochromatin and size variation in the sex chromosomes of Microtus cabrerae. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 47, 75-79.
- Dimitri, P., Caizzi, R., Giordano, E., Accardo, M.C., Lattanzi, G., Biamonti, G. (2009). Constitutive heterochromatin: a surprising variety of expressed sequences. Chromosoma 118, 419–435
- Ford, C.E. & Hamerton, J.L. (1956). A colchicine, hypotonic citrate, squash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. Stain Technology 31, 247-251.
- Fredga, K., Jaarola, M., Ims, R.A., Steen, H. & Yoccoz, N.G. (1990). The ‘common vole’ in Svalbard identified as Microtus epiroticus by chromosome analysis. Polar Research 8, 283–290.
- Hatuhov, A.M. (1982). Pine voles of the Caucasus. Avtoreferat dis. Kand. biol. nauk, Sverdlovsk, p. 23. (In Russian)
- Ivanov, V.G., & Tembotov, A.K. (1972). Chromosomal sets and taxonomic status of pine voles of the Caucasus, in Fauna, ekologiya i okhrana zhivotnykh Severnogo Kavkaza (Fauna, Ecology and Conservation of Animals of the North Caucasus), Nal’chik, 1, 45–71.
- Jaarola, M., Martı´nkova, N., Gündüz, İ., Brunhoff, C., Zima, J., Nadachowski, A., Amori, G., Bulatova, S.N., Chondropoulos, B., Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., Esteban-Gonza´lez, J., Fuster-Lo´pez, M.J., Kandaurov, A.S.,
- Kefelioğlu, H., Mathias, L.M., Villate, I. & Searle, B.J. (2004). Molecular phylogeny of the specose vole genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Moleculer Phylogenetic and Evolution 33, 647-663.
- Kozlova, S.V., Mazurok, N.A., Vershinin, A.V., Zakian, S.M. (2003). Various organizations of the complex repeats in vole sex chromosome heterochromatin. Chromosome Reseach 11, 759–769.
- Kryštufek, B., & Vohralík, V. (2005). Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus. Rodentia I: Sciuridae, Dipodidae, Gliridae, Arvicolinae. Annales Majora, Koper, Slovenia, 292p.
- Kryštufek, B., & Shenbrot, G.I. (2022). Vole and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. 1st. Edition, University of Maribor, University Press.pp.436
- Kuliev, G.N., & Bickham, W.J. (2010). Karyological relationships and biodiversity of the pine voles of Azerbaijan: Differentiation of species from the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 291, 14
- Lamelas, L., Arroyo, M., Fernández, F.J., Marchal, J.A., & Sánchez, A. (2018). Structural and evolutionary relationships in the giant sex chromosomes of three Microtus species. Genes, 9:27.
- Lemskaya, N.A., Romanenko, S.A., Golenishchev, F.N., Rubtsova, N.V., Sablina, O.V., Serdukova, N.A., O’Brien, P.C.M., Fu, B., Yiğit, N., Ferguson-Smith, M.A., Yang, F., & Graphodatsky, A.S. (2010). Chromosomal evolution of Arvicolinae (Cricetidae, Rodentia). III. Karyotype relationships of ten Microtus species. Chromosome Research 18, 459–471.
- Lemskaya, A.N., Kulemzina, A.I., Beklemisheva, V.R., Biltueva, L.S., Proskuryakova, A.A., Hallenbeck, J.M., Perelman, P.L., Graphodatsky, A.S. (2018). A combined banding method that allows the reliable identification of chromosomes as well as differentiation of AT and GC-rich heterochromatin. Chromosome Research 26, 307–315
- Macholán, M., Filippucci, M.G., & Zima, J. (2001). Genetic variation and zoogeography of pine voles of the Microtus subterraneus/major group in Europe and Asia Minor. Journal of Zoology 255, 31-42.
- Marchal, J.A., Acosta, M.J., Bullejos, M., Diaz de la Guardia, R. & Sánchez, A. 2003. Sex chromosomes, sex determination and sex linked sequences in Microtidae. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 101, 266–273.
- Marchal, J.A., Acosta, M.J., Nietzel, H., Sperling, K., Bullejos, M., Diaz de la Guardia, R., & Sánchez, A. (2004). X chromosome painting in Microtus: Origin and evolution of giant sex chrosomomes. Chromosome Research 12, 767-776.
- Maruyama, T. & Imai, H.T. (1981). Evolutionary rate of the mammalian karyotype. Journal of Theoretical Biology 90, 111–121.
- Mitsainas, G.P., Rovatsos, M.Th., & Giagia-Athanasopoulou, E.B. (2010). Heterochromatin study and geographical distribution of Microtus species (Rodentia, Arvicolinae) from Greece. Mammalian Biology 75, 261–269.
- Mitsainas, G.P., Rovatsos, M.Th., Rizou, E.I., & Giagia-Athana-sopoulou, E.B. (2009). Sex chromosome variability outlines the pathway to the chromosomal evolution in Microtus thomasi (Rodentia, Arvicolinae). Biological Journal of Linnean Society 96, 685-695
- Modi, W.S. (1987). C-banding analyses and the evolution heterochromatin among arvicolid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 68, 704–714.
- Modi, W.S., Serdyukova, N.A., Vorobieva, N.V., & Graphodatsky A.S. (2003). Chromosomal localization of six repeated DNA sequences among species of Microtus (Rodentia). Chromosome Research 11, 705–713.
- O’Brien, S.J., Menninger, J.C., & Nash, W.G. (2006). Atlas of mammalian chromosomes. Wiley, Hoboken, 714 pp.
- Orlov, V.N., Lyapunova, E.A., Baskevich, M.I., Kartavtseva, I.V., Malygin, V.M., & Bulatova, N.S. (2023). Mammalian cytogenetics and its contribution to the development of chromosomal diagnoses and the species system. Zoologičeskij žurnal 102(4), 386-407.
- Pavlova, S.V., & Tchabovsky, A.V. (2011). Presence of the 54-chromosome common vole (Mammalia) on Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, East Siberia, Russia), and the occurrence of an unusual X-chromosome variant. Comparative Cytogenetics, 5, 433–440.
- Romanenko, S.A., Fedorova, Y.E., Serdyukova, N.A., Zaccaroni, M., Stanyon, R. & Graphodatsky, S. 2020. Evolutionary rearrangements of X chromosomes in voles (Arvicolinae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 10, 13235.
- Rubtsov, N.B., Rubtsova, N.V., Anopriyenko, O.V., Karamysheva, T.V., Shevchenko, A.I., Mazurok, N.A., Nesterova, T.B., & Zakian, S.M. (2002). Reorganization of the X chromosome in voles of the genus Microtus. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 99, 323-329.
- Saksouk, N., Simboeck, E., & Déjardin, J. (2015). Constitutive heterochromatin formation and transcription in mammals. Epigenetics and Chromatin 8, 3
- Selçuk, A.Y., & Kefelioğlu, H. (2018). Cytogenetic characteristic of East European vole Microtus levis and common pine vole Microtus subterraneus (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey: Constitutive Heterochromatin Distribution. Biharean Biologist 12(1), 13-16.
- Selçuk, A.Y., Bilir, A., & Kefelioğlu, H. (2019). Cytogenetic characteristics of Microtus guentheri, Microtus arvalis and Microtus majori (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey: Constitutive Heterochromatin Distribution. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature. 22(Ek sayı2), 395-400.
- Selçuk, A.Y., & Kefelioğlu, H. (2020). Samsun, Amasya, Tokat ve Eskişehir illeri memeli faunası ve türlerin koruma statüleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(2), 379-387.
- Shenbrot, G.I., & Krasnov, B.R. (2005). Atlas of the Geographic Distribution of the Arvicoline Rodents of the World (Rodentia, Muridae: Arvicolinae), Sofia: Pensoft Series Faunistica, 45, 336p.
- Summer, A.T. (1972). A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research 75, 304-306.
- Yakimenko L.V. & Kryukov A.P. (1997). On karyotype variation in common vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 76, 375–378. [In Russian]
- Zagorodnyuk, I.V. (1990). Variability and systematics of the Arvicolini (Rodentia). Communication 1. Species and chromosomal numbers. Vestnik Zoologii 2, 26-37.
- Zima, J. & Král, B. (1984). Karyotypes of European mammals I. Institute of Landscape Ecology 18, 1–51
Cytogenetic characteristics of Microtus daghestanicus (Rodentia: Arvicolinae) from Northeast Anatolia, Türkiye: Conventional Karyotype, C-Banding
Öz
In this study, the standard karyotype and the C-band features of chromosomes of the Microtus daghestanicus species have been determined, and the karyological characteristics among closely related species have been compared. The diploid chromosome number of M. daghestanicus was found as 2n=54, NFa=54. M. daghestanicus karyotype has a pair of small metacentric and 25 pairs of different sizes of acrocentric chromosomes. The x chromosome is a large submetacentric. Positive C-bands are in the pericentromeric region of acrocentric autosomal chromosomes. Additionally, there is a heterochromatin block in the pair of small metacentric chromosomes. Moreover, there is a wide interstitial heterochromatin block on the long arm of the X chromosome.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Northeast Anatolia Constitutive Heterochromatin Chromosome Daghestan (Caucasus) Pine Vole Microtus
Kaynakça
- Acosta, M.J., Marchal, J.A., Fernández-Espartero, C.H., Bullejos, M. & Sánchez, A. (2008). Retroelements (LINEs and SINEs) in vole genomes: Differential distribution in the constitutive heterochromatin. Chromosome Research 16, 949-959.
- Acosta, M.J., Marchal, J.A., Mitsainas, G.P., Rovatsos, M.T., Fernández-Espartero, C.H., Giagia-Athanasopoulou, E.B. & Sánchez, A. (2009). A new pericentromeric repeated DNA sequence in Microtus thomasi. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 124:27-36.
- Akhverdyan, M.R., Lyapunova, E.A. & Vorontsov, N.N. (1992). Karyology and systematics of the shrub voles of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia (Terricola, Arvicolinae, Rodentia). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 71, 96–110 (in Russian with English summary).
- Baskevich, M.I. (1997). A comparative analysis of structural features of spermatozoa and karyotypes in three species of shrub voles: Terricola majori, T. daghestanicus and T. subterraneus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the former USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 76, 597–607 (in Russian with English summary).
- Baskevich, M.I., Potapov, S.G. & Mironova, T.A. (2016). Caucasian cryptic species of rodents as models in research on the problems of species and speciation. Biology Bulletin Reviews 6(3): 245–259.
- Bogdanov, A.S., Khlyap, L.A., Kefelioğlu, H., Selçuk, A.Y., Stakheev, V.V., & Baskevich, M.I. (2021). High molecular variability in three pine vole species of the subgenus Terricola (Microtus, Arvicolinae) and plausible source of polymorphism. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 59, 2519– 2538.
- Borodin, P.M, Sablina, O.V. & Rodionova, M.I. (1995). Pattern of X-Y chromosome pairing in microtine rodents. Hereditas 123, 17–23.
- Burgos, M., Jiménez, R., Olmos, D.M. & Diaz de la Guardia, R. (1988). Heterogeneous heterochromatin and size variation in the sex chromosomes of Microtus cabrerae. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 47, 75-79.
- Dimitri, P., Caizzi, R., Giordano, E., Accardo, M.C., Lattanzi, G., Biamonti, G. (2009). Constitutive heterochromatin: a surprising variety of expressed sequences. Chromosoma 118, 419–435
- Ford, C.E. & Hamerton, J.L. (1956). A colchicine, hypotonic citrate, squash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. Stain Technology 31, 247-251.
- Fredga, K., Jaarola, M., Ims, R.A., Steen, H. & Yoccoz, N.G. (1990). The ‘common vole’ in Svalbard identified as Microtus epiroticus by chromosome analysis. Polar Research 8, 283–290.
- Hatuhov, A.M. (1982). Pine voles of the Caucasus. Avtoreferat dis. Kand. biol. nauk, Sverdlovsk, p. 23. (In Russian)
- Ivanov, V.G., & Tembotov, A.K. (1972). Chromosomal sets and taxonomic status of pine voles of the Caucasus, in Fauna, ekologiya i okhrana zhivotnykh Severnogo Kavkaza (Fauna, Ecology and Conservation of Animals of the North Caucasus), Nal’chik, 1, 45–71.
- Jaarola, M., Martı´nkova, N., Gündüz, İ., Brunhoff, C., Zima, J., Nadachowski, A., Amori, G., Bulatova, S.N., Chondropoulos, B., Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., Esteban-Gonza´lez, J., Fuster-Lo´pez, M.J., Kandaurov, A.S.,
- Kefelioğlu, H., Mathias, L.M., Villate, I. & Searle, B.J. (2004). Molecular phylogeny of the specose vole genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Moleculer Phylogenetic and Evolution 33, 647-663.
- Kozlova, S.V., Mazurok, N.A., Vershinin, A.V., Zakian, S.M. (2003). Various organizations of the complex repeats in vole sex chromosome heterochromatin. Chromosome Reseach 11, 759–769.
- Kryštufek, B., & Vohralík, V. (2005). Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus. Rodentia I: Sciuridae, Dipodidae, Gliridae, Arvicolinae. Annales Majora, Koper, Slovenia, 292p.
- Kryštufek, B., & Shenbrot, G.I. (2022). Vole and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. 1st. Edition, University of Maribor, University Press.pp.436
- Kuliev, G.N., & Bickham, W.J. (2010). Karyological relationships and biodiversity of the pine voles of Azerbaijan: Differentiation of species from the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 291, 14
- Lamelas, L., Arroyo, M., Fernández, F.J., Marchal, J.A., & Sánchez, A. (2018). Structural and evolutionary relationships in the giant sex chromosomes of three Microtus species. Genes, 9:27.
- Lemskaya, N.A., Romanenko, S.A., Golenishchev, F.N., Rubtsova, N.V., Sablina, O.V., Serdukova, N.A., O’Brien, P.C.M., Fu, B., Yiğit, N., Ferguson-Smith, M.A., Yang, F., & Graphodatsky, A.S. (2010). Chromosomal evolution of Arvicolinae (Cricetidae, Rodentia). III. Karyotype relationships of ten Microtus species. Chromosome Research 18, 459–471.
- Lemskaya, A.N., Kulemzina, A.I., Beklemisheva, V.R., Biltueva, L.S., Proskuryakova, A.A., Hallenbeck, J.M., Perelman, P.L., Graphodatsky, A.S. (2018). A combined banding method that allows the reliable identification of chromosomes as well as differentiation of AT and GC-rich heterochromatin. Chromosome Research 26, 307–315
- Macholán, M., Filippucci, M.G., & Zima, J. (2001). Genetic variation and zoogeography of pine voles of the Microtus subterraneus/major group in Europe and Asia Minor. Journal of Zoology 255, 31-42.
- Marchal, J.A., Acosta, M.J., Bullejos, M., Diaz de la Guardia, R. & Sánchez, A. 2003. Sex chromosomes, sex determination and sex linked sequences in Microtidae. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 101, 266–273.
- Marchal, J.A., Acosta, M.J., Nietzel, H., Sperling, K., Bullejos, M., Diaz de la Guardia, R., & Sánchez, A. (2004). X chromosome painting in Microtus: Origin and evolution of giant sex chrosomomes. Chromosome Research 12, 767-776.
- Maruyama, T. & Imai, H.T. (1981). Evolutionary rate of the mammalian karyotype. Journal of Theoretical Biology 90, 111–121.
- Mitsainas, G.P., Rovatsos, M.Th., & Giagia-Athanasopoulou, E.B. (2010). Heterochromatin study and geographical distribution of Microtus species (Rodentia, Arvicolinae) from Greece. Mammalian Biology 75, 261–269.
- Mitsainas, G.P., Rovatsos, M.Th., Rizou, E.I., & Giagia-Athana-sopoulou, E.B. (2009). Sex chromosome variability outlines the pathway to the chromosomal evolution in Microtus thomasi (Rodentia, Arvicolinae). Biological Journal of Linnean Society 96, 685-695
- Modi, W.S. (1987). C-banding analyses and the evolution heterochromatin among arvicolid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 68, 704–714.
- Modi, W.S., Serdyukova, N.A., Vorobieva, N.V., & Graphodatsky A.S. (2003). Chromosomal localization of six repeated DNA sequences among species of Microtus (Rodentia). Chromosome Research 11, 705–713.
- O’Brien, S.J., Menninger, J.C., & Nash, W.G. (2006). Atlas of mammalian chromosomes. Wiley, Hoboken, 714 pp.
- Orlov, V.N., Lyapunova, E.A., Baskevich, M.I., Kartavtseva, I.V., Malygin, V.M., & Bulatova, N.S. (2023). Mammalian cytogenetics and its contribution to the development of chromosomal diagnoses and the species system. Zoologičeskij žurnal 102(4), 386-407.
- Pavlova, S.V., & Tchabovsky, A.V. (2011). Presence of the 54-chromosome common vole (Mammalia) on Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, East Siberia, Russia), and the occurrence of an unusual X-chromosome variant. Comparative Cytogenetics, 5, 433–440.
- Romanenko, S.A., Fedorova, Y.E., Serdyukova, N.A., Zaccaroni, M., Stanyon, R. & Graphodatsky, S. 2020. Evolutionary rearrangements of X chromosomes in voles (Arvicolinae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 10, 13235.
- Rubtsov, N.B., Rubtsova, N.V., Anopriyenko, O.V., Karamysheva, T.V., Shevchenko, A.I., Mazurok, N.A., Nesterova, T.B., & Zakian, S.M. (2002). Reorganization of the X chromosome in voles of the genus Microtus. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 99, 323-329.
- Saksouk, N., Simboeck, E., & Déjardin, J. (2015). Constitutive heterochromatin formation and transcription in mammals. Epigenetics and Chromatin 8, 3
- Selçuk, A.Y., & Kefelioğlu, H. (2018). Cytogenetic characteristic of East European vole Microtus levis and common pine vole Microtus subterraneus (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey: Constitutive Heterochromatin Distribution. Biharean Biologist 12(1), 13-16.
- Selçuk, A.Y., Bilir, A., & Kefelioğlu, H. (2019). Cytogenetic characteristics of Microtus guentheri, Microtus arvalis and Microtus majori (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey: Constitutive Heterochromatin Distribution. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature. 22(Ek sayı2), 395-400.
- Selçuk, A.Y., & Kefelioğlu, H. (2020). Samsun, Amasya, Tokat ve Eskişehir illeri memeli faunası ve türlerin koruma statüleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(2), 379-387.
- Shenbrot, G.I., & Krasnov, B.R. (2005). Atlas of the Geographic Distribution of the Arvicoline Rodents of the World (Rodentia, Muridae: Arvicolinae), Sofia: Pensoft Series Faunistica, 45, 336p.
- Summer, A.T. (1972). A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research 75, 304-306.
- Yakimenko L.V. & Kryukov A.P. (1997). On karyotype variation in common vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 76, 375–378. [In Russian]
- Zagorodnyuk, I.V. (1990). Variability and systematics of the Arvicolini (Rodentia). Communication 1. Species and chromosomal numbers. Vestnik Zoologii 2, 26-37.
- Zima, J. & Král, B. (1984). Karyotypes of European mammals I. Institute of Landscape Ecology 18, 1–51
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvan Bilimi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 2 Temmuz 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 17 Eylül 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Ocak 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Şubat 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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