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Investigation of Aflatoxin M1 Residue in Raw Cow Milk Samples in Burdur

Yıl 2022, , 497 - 505, 30.12.2022

Fulya Taşçı , Zeki Erol , Fatma Kocasarı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1031945

Öz

This study was conducted to research the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) level in food due to the economic losses and public health concerns resulting from its presence. A total of 82 raw cow milk samples were randomly obtained from dairy farms in Burdur and they were examined in terms of AFM1 using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. It was found that the AFM1 level was between 5.06 and 50.63 ng kg-1 in 48 (58.5%) of 82 raw cow milk samples analyzed and the average contamination rate was 15.53 ±1.49 ng kg-1. In 1 (1.2%) of the milk samples, AFM1 level was found to be over the legal limits specified by Turkish Food Codex and European Union’s Regulation. As a result, the AFM1 level determined in the raw milk samples was below the maximum residue limits and was suitable for human consumption. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of AFM1 was determined for the adult consumer in Türkiye. The average EDI (0.19 ng kg-1 body weight day-1) of the adult consumer was found to be close to the proposed value of tolerable daily intake (0.2 ng kg-1 body weight day-1 ) for AFM1. However, it is recommended to repeat the studies on this subject within a regular program and inform both the producers and the consumers about the issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Raw cow milk

Kaynakça

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  • Bakirdere S, Yaroglu T, Tirik N, Demiroz M, Karaca A 2014. Determination of Trace Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Milk and Milk Products Consumed in Turkey by Using Enzyme-Linked İmmunosorbent Assay. Food Agr Immunol 25 (1): 61-69.
  • Buldu HM, Koc AN, Uraz G 2011. Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow’s Milk in Kayseri (central Turkey). Turk J Vet Anim Sci 35(2): 87-91.
  • Cano-Sancho G, Marin S, Ramos AJ, Peris-Vicente J, Sanchis V 2010. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Exposure Assessment in Catalonia (Spain). Rev Iberoam Micol 27: 130-135.
  • Creppy EE 2002. Update of Survey, Regulation and Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicol Lett 127: 19-28.
  • Daou R, Afif C, Joubrane K, Khabbaz LR, Maroun R, Ismail A, Khoury AE 2020. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw, Pasteurized, UHT Cows’ Milk, and Dairy Products in Lebanon. Food Control 111: 107055.
  • De Roma A, Rossini C, Ritieni A, Gallo P, Esposito M 2017. A Survey on The Aflatoxin M1 Occurrence and Seasonal Variation in Buffalo and Cow Milk from Southern Italy. Food Control 81: 30-33.
  • Deveci O 2016. Changes in The Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 During Manufacture and Storage of White Pickled Cheese. Food Control 18: 1103-107.
  • Dimitrieska-Stojkovi E, Stojanovska-Dimzoska B, Ilievska G, Uzunov R, Stojkovi G, Hajrulai-Musliu Z, Jankuloski D 2016. Assessment of Aflatoxin Contamination in Raw Milk and Feed in Macedonia During 2013. Food Control 59: 201-206.
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Burdur İli Çiğ İnek Sütü Örneklerinde Aflatoksin M1 Kalıntısının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, , 497 - 505, 30.12.2022

Fulya Taşçı , Zeki Erol , Fatma Kocasarı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1031945

Öz

Bu çalışma, gıdalarda aflatoksin bulunmasından kaynaklanan ekonomik kayıplar ve halk sağlığı endişeleri nedeniyle aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Burdur ilindeki çiftliklerden toplam 82 çiğ inek sütü örneği rastgele alındı ve Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemi kullanılarak AFM1 açısından analiz edildi. İncelenen 82 çiğ inek sütü örneğinin 48'inde (%58,5) AFM1 seviyesinin 5,06 ila 50,63 ng kg-1 arasında ve ortalama kontaminasyon oranının 15,53 ±1,49 ng kg-1 olduğu tespit edildi. Süt örneklerinin 1'inde (%1,2) AFM1 düzeyi Türk Gıda Kodeksi ve AB Yönetmeliği'nde belirtilen yasal sınırların üzerinde olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak çiğ süt örneklerinde belirlenen AFM1 seviyesi maksimum kalıntı limitlerinin altında ve insan tüketimine uygun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Türkiye'deki yetişkin tüketici için AFM1'in tahmini günlük alım miktarı (EDI) belirlenmiştir. Yetişkin tüketicinin ortalama EDI'si (0,19 ng kg-1 vücut ağırlığı gün-1), önerilen günlük 0,2 ng kg-1 vücut ağırlığı gün-1 AFM1 alımına yakın bulunmuştur. Ancak bu konudaki çalışmaların düzenli bir program dahilinde tekrarlanması ve hem üreticilerin hem de tüketicilerin konu hakkında bilgilendirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aflatoksin M1 ELISA Çiğ inek sütü

Kaynakça

  • Akbar N, Nasir M, Naeem N, Ahmad MD, Iqbal S, Rashid A, Imran M, Gondal TA, Atif M, Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, Cho WC 2019. Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan. Toxins (Basel) 11: 574.
  • Aksoy A, Sezer C 2019. Evaluation of Aflatoxin M1 Presence in Raw Milk and Some Cheese Types Consumed in Kars. Kocatepe Vet J 12(1): 39-44.
  • Asghar MA, Ahmed A, Asghar MA 2018. Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk Collected from Local Markets of Karachi, Pakistan, Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 11(3):167-174.
  • Awasthi V, Bahman S, Thakur LK, Singh SK, Dua A, Sanjeev Ganguly S 2012. Contaminants in Milk and Impact of Heating: An Assessment Study: An Assessment Study. Indian J Public Health 56 (1): 95-99.
  • Bakirdere S, Yaroglu T, Tirik N, Demiroz M, Karaca A 2014. Determination of Trace Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Milk and Milk Products Consumed in Turkey by Using Enzyme-Linked İmmunosorbent Assay. Food Agr Immunol 25 (1): 61-69.
  • Buldu HM, Koc AN, Uraz G 2011. Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow’s Milk in Kayseri (central Turkey). Turk J Vet Anim Sci 35(2): 87-91.
  • Cano-Sancho G, Marin S, Ramos AJ, Peris-Vicente J, Sanchis V 2010. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Exposure Assessment in Catalonia (Spain). Rev Iberoam Micol 27: 130-135.
  • Creppy EE 2002. Update of Survey, Regulation and Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicol Lett 127: 19-28.
  • Daou R, Afif C, Joubrane K, Khabbaz LR, Maroun R, Ismail A, Khoury AE 2020. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw, Pasteurized, UHT Cows’ Milk, and Dairy Products in Lebanon. Food Control 111: 107055.
  • De Roma A, Rossini C, Ritieni A, Gallo P, Esposito M 2017. A Survey on The Aflatoxin M1 Occurrence and Seasonal Variation in Buffalo and Cow Milk from Southern Italy. Food Control 81: 30-33.
  • Deveci O 2016. Changes in The Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 During Manufacture and Storage of White Pickled Cheese. Food Control 18: 1103-107.
  • Dimitrieska-Stojkovi E, Stojanovska-Dimzoska B, Ilievska G, Uzunov R, Stojkovi G, Hajrulai-Musliu Z, Jankuloski D 2016. Assessment of Aflatoxin Contamination in Raw Milk and Feed in Macedonia During 2013. Food Control 59: 201-206.
  • Duarte SC, Almeida AM, Teixeira AS, Pereira AL, Falcão AC, Pena A, Lino CM 2013. Aflatoxin M1 in Marketed Milk in Portugal: Assessment of Human and Animal Exposure. Food Control 30: 411-417.
  • Eker FY, Muratoglu K, Eser AG 2019. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products in Turkey. J Environ Monit 191: 523.
  • Ertas N, Gonulalan Z, Yildirim Y, Karadal F 2011. A Survey of Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products Marketed in Turkey. Food Control 22: 1956–1959.
  • European Commission (EC) 2010. European Commission Regulation (EC) No 165/2010 of 26 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards aflatoxins. Off. J. Eur. Union L 50, 8-12. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:050:0008:0012:EN:PDF (accessed 2 January 2020).
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2004. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in The Food Chain on A Request from The Commission Related To Aflatoxin B1 As Undesirable Substance in Animal Feed (Question No. EFSA-Q- 2003-035). Adopted on 3 February 2004. The EFSA Journal (2004) 39, 1–27. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2004.39 (accessed 2 January 2020).
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2005. CPG Sec. 527.400 Whole Milk, Low Fat Milk, Skim Milk - Aflatoxin M1. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-527400-whole-milk-lowfat-milk-skim-milk-aflatoxin-m1 (accessed 15 January 2020).
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Galvano G 1996. Occurrence and Stability of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk products: A Worldwide Review. J Food Prot 59: 1079-1090.
  • Golge O 2014. A Survey on The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk Produced in Adana Province of Turkey. Food Control 45: 150-155.
  • Guven A, Ozturk B, Deveci Ha, Kaya I 2020. Investigation of the Relationship Between Blood Lipid Peroxidation and the Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Samples from Mothers and Cows Living in Kars and Surrounding Villages. Kafkas University Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal 13(2): 67-75.
  • Hassan HF, Kassaify Z 2014. The Risks Associated with Aflatoxins M1 Occurrence in Lebanese Dairy Products. Food Control 37: 68-72.
  • Henry SH, Whitaker T, Rabbani I, Bowers J, Park D, Price W, Bosch FX 2001. Aflatoxin M1. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 47. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ jecfa/jecmono/v47je02.htm (accessed 1 January 2020).
  • Iha MH, Barbosa CB, Isaura B, Okada IA, Trucksess MW 2013. Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Distribution and Stability of Aflatoxin M1 During Production and Storage of Yoghurt and Cheese. Food Control 29(1): 1-6.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2002. Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 82, Lyon, France, World Health Organization: pp. 171-274. https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono82.pdf (accessed 3 January 2020).
  • Iqbal SZ, Jinap S, Pirouz AA, Faizal ARA 2015. Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products, Occurrence and Recent Challenges: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 46: 110-119.
  • Iqbal SZ, Asi MR, Malik N 2017. The Seasonal Variation of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products and Assessment of Dietary Intake in Punjab, Pakistan. Food Control 79: 292-296.
  • Isleyici O, Sancak YC, Sancak H, Mercan Yucel U 2015. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Unpackaged Sold Raw Cow's Milk. Van Vet J 26 (3): 151-155.
  • Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) 2001. Safety Evaluation of Certain Mycotoxins in Food - Prepared by The 56th Meeting of The JECFA – FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 74/WHO Foods Additives Series 47. http://www.fao.org/3/a-bc528e.pdf (accessed 2 January 2020).
  • Kagera I, Kahenya P, Mutua F, Anyango G, Kyallo F, Grace D, Lindahl J 2018. Status of Aflatoxin Contamination in Cow Milk Produced in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Nairobi County: A Case Study of Kasarani Sub County, Kenya. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 9(1): 1547095.
  • Kamkar A, Fallah AA, Nejad ASM 2014. The Review of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Milk and Dairy Products Produced in Iran. Toxin Rev 33(4): 160-168.
  • Karakaya Y, Atasever M 2010. Aflatoxin B1 in Corn Silage and Its Probability Passing in Milk. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 16 (Suppl-A): S123-S127.
  • Keskin Y, Baskaya R, Karsli S, Yurdun T, Ozyaral O 2009. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Human Breast Milk and Raw Cow’s Milk in Istanbul, Turkey. J Food Prot 72(4): 885-889.
  • Kos J, Levic J, Ðuragic O, Kokic B, Miladinovic I 2014. Occurrence and Estimation of Aflatoxin M1 Exposure in Milk in Serbia. Food Control 38: 41-46.
  • Kuiper-Goodman T 1990. Uncertainties in The Risk Assessment of Three Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Zearalenone. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 68:1017-1024.
  • Li H, Xing L, Zhang M, Wang J, Zheng N 2018. The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 on Kidney Through Regulating L-Proline and Downstream Apoptosis. Biomed Res Int 2018: 11.
  • Lizárraga-Paulín EG, Moreno-Martinez E, Miranda-Castro SP 2011. Aflatoxins and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health: An Emerging Problem. In: Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Dr. Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-395-8, InTech, http://www.intechopen.com/books/aflatoxins-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology/aflatoxins-and-their-impacton-human- and-animal-health-an-emerging-problem.(accessed 01 January 2020).
  • Mahmoudia R, Norian R 2015. Aflatoxin B1 and M1 Contamination in Cow Feeds and Milk from Iran. Food Agr Immunol 26 (1): 131-137.
  • Matabaro E, Ishimwe N, Uwimbabazi E, Lee BH 2017. Current Immunoassay Methods for The Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin in Milk and Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 16: 808-820.
  • Milićević D, Spirić D, Janković S, Velebit B, Radičević T, Petrović Z, Stefanović S 2017. Aflatoxin M1 in Processed Milk: Occurrence and Seasonal Variation with An Emphasis on Risk Assessment of Human Exposure in Serbia. In: 59th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON2017, IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 85: 012040.
  • Minitab 2011. Minitab for Windows Version Release 16, Minitab Inc.
  • National Milk Council (NMC) 2018. Dairy Sector Statistics in Turkey and World, 2018 Milk Report. https://ulusalsutkonseyi.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/Sut_Raporu_2018_Web_Kapakli.pdf (accessed 20 January 2020).
  • Oruc HH, Temelli S, Sorucu A 2011. Aflatoxin M1 Levels of Raw Milks and UHT Milks in Bursa. J Res Vet Med 30(2): 1-4.
  • Prandini A, Tansini G, Sigolo S, Filippi L, Laporta M, Piva G 2009. On The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products. Food Chem Toxicol 47: 984-991.
  • Prognosis Biotech SA 2019. Bio-Shield M1 ES Extra Sensitive: ELISA Test for The Quantitative Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, Milk Powder, Cheese and Yogurt. Cat. Number: B2048/B2096. Farsalon 153, Larissa, Greece, 41335. https://www.prognosis-biotech.com/products/elisa-mycotoxins-in-food-and-feed/bio-shield-b1-es-b1-aflatoxin/ (accessed 15 January 2020).
  • Sahindokuyucu Kocasari F, Tasci F, Mor F 2012. Survey of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products Consumed in Burdur, Turkey. Int J Dairy Technol 65(3): 365-371.
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  • Var I, Kabak B 2008. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products Consumed in Adana, Turkey. Int J Dairy Technol 62(1): 15-18.
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  • Yildirim E, Macun HC, Yalcınkaya I, Sahindokuyucu Kocasari F, Ekici H 2018. Survey of Aflatoxin Residue in Feed and Milk Samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Vet Fak Derg 65: 199-204.
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  • Zanjani BR, Rahmani R, Sorkhabadi SMR, Aryan E, Oskouei Z, Sadeghi M, Mood MB 2015. A Survey on Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk of Fariman City, Khorasan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 10(2): e20081.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Fulya Taşçı 0000-0002-4117-7406

Zeki Erol

Fatma Kocasarı 0000-0002-6123-4762

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Taşçı, F., Erol, Z., & Kocasarı, F. (2022). Burdur İli Çiğ İnek Sütü Örneklerinde Aflatoksin M1 Kalıntısının İncelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(Ek Sayı 2), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1031945

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

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      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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