Divergences of Biochemical Features of Three Reared Trouts; Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill 1814), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972), and Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas 1811)
Öz
The objective of this present study is to signify biochemical features of three reared trouts (brook trout, rainbow trout, Black Sea trout) that are economically consequential and reared fish species in the Eastern Black Sea region. The rainbow trout has been reared successfully for a long period of time. However, brook trout and the Black Sea trout have been two new species to be reared in the region with a high potential contribution to the economy. Therefore, there is a strong need to determine and report the differences between the fish (especially the two new species), levels of carbohydrates, energy, carotenes (Vitamin A), fatty acid, and proximate composition (protein, lipid, moisture, and ash). In addition, the lipid indices [Atherogenic Index (AI), Thrombogenic Index (TI), and polyene index (PI)] were also measured and reported for the trouts. Moreover, the color of the fillets of the fish was also measured. The results of this present study show that the average levels of moisture and protein varied while the average levels of lipid and ash were close to each other. The highest levels of carbohydrates, energy, and carotenes were determined in the muscle of brook trout in this study. The highest meat yield was also obtained from brook trout followed by Black Sea trout and rainbow trout. A total of 19 fatty acids were determined for Black Sea trout and brook trout and 17 fatty acids for rainbow trout in the present study. The omega-3 levels of the all trout used for the present study were roughly twice as much as that of the omega-6, except for rainbow trout.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proximate composition Trout Carotene (Vitamin A) Fillet color Fatty acid Besin bileşenleri Karoten (A vitamini) Fileto rengi
Kaynakça
- Ateş, M., Çakıroğulları, G. Ç., Kocabaş, M., Kayım, M., Can, E., & Kızak, V. (2013). Seasonal Variations of Proximate and Total Fatty Acid Composition of Wild Brown Trout in Munzur River, Tunceli-Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13(4), 613-619.
- Baesu, A., Audet, C., & Bayen, S. (2022). Evaluation of Different Extractions for the Metabolite Identification of Malachite Green in Brook Trout and Shrimp. Food Chemistry 369, 130567.
- Barylo, Y., Loboiko, Y., Barylo, B., Keznine, M., & Benaissa, H. (2021). Condition Factor and Identification of Amino Acid Composition of Three Trout Species in the Western Region of Ukraine. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries 25(4), 539-548.
- Bayar, İ. , İnci, A., Ünübol Aypak, S. & Bildik, A. (2021). Büyük Menderes Nehri’nde (Aydın) Yaşayan İki Tatlı Su Balığı Türünün Kas Dokularındaki Total Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonunun Araştırılması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(2), 260-266. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.723089
- Çakmak, E., Çankırılıgil, E. C., & Özel, O. T. (2018). The fifth culture generation of Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax): Culture characteristics, meat yield and proximate composition. Su Ürünleri Dergisi 35(1), 103-110.
- Çankiriligil, E. C. & Berik, N. (2020). Chemical Composition of the Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814): A Comparative Study. Aquatic Research 3(4), 208-219.
- Chen, J., Jayachandran, M., Bai, W., & Xu, B. (2021). A Critical Review on the Health Benefits of Fish Consumption and Its Bioactive Constituents. Food Chemistry 369, 130874.
- Dernekbaşı,, S. & Karayücel, İ. (2021). Effect of Alternate Feeding with Fish Oil‐and Peanut Oil‐Based Diets on the Growth and Fatty Acid Compositions of European seabass fingerlings (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Recirculated Systems. Aquaculture Research 52(7), 3137-3147.
- Dernekbaşı, S., Kerim, M., & Alagil, F. (2015). Effect of Dietary Safflower and Canola Oil on Growth Performance, Body, and Fatty Acid Composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 24(2), 131-142.
- Dernekbasi, S. & Karatas, E., (2020). Effect of cycled feeding by diets including vegetable and fish oil on growth performances and fatty acid profiles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 52(4), 1471-1482.
- Dernekbaşı, S., Karayücel, I., & Akyüz, A. P. (2017). Effect of diets containing laurel seed oil on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Nutrition 23(2): 219-227.
- Erikson, U. & Misimi, E. (2008). Atlantic salmon skin and fillet color changes effected by perimortem handling stress, rigor mortis, and ice storage. Journal of food science 73(2), C50-C59.
- Güner, S., Dincer, B., Alemdag, N., Colak, A., & Tüfekci, M. (1998). Proximate composition and selected mineral content of commercially important fish species from the Black Sea. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 78(3), 337-342.
- İspir, Ü. , Özcan, M. & Kırıcı, M. (2021). Fatty Acid Composition in Yersinia ruckeri Strains Isolated from Rainbow Trout Farms. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(6), 1208-1212. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.838056
- Kayim, M., Oksuz, A., Ozyilmaz, A., Kocabas, M., Can, E., Kizak, V., & Ates, M. (2011). Proximate composition, fatty acid profile and mineral content of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta sp.) from Munzur River in Tunceli, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry 23(8), 3533-3537.
- Küçükgülmez, A., Yanar, Y., Çelik, M., & Ersor, B. (2018). Fatty acids profile, atherogenic, thrombogenic, and polyene lipid indices in golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and gold band goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) from Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 27(8), 912-918.
- Lațiu, C., Cocan, D., Uiuiu, P., Ihuț, A., Nicula, S. A., Constantinescu, R., & Mireșan, V. (2020). The Black Sea Trout, Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Salmonidae) in Romanian Waters. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 77(2), 10-19.
- Li, N., Wu, X., Zhuang, W., Xia, L., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Rao, Z., Du, L., Zhao, R., Yi, M., Wan, Q., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Fish Consumption and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 99, 273-283.
- Lubis, Z. & Buckle, K. A. (1990). Rancidity and lipid oxidation of dried-salted sardines. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 25(3), 295–303.
- Martling, S., Simpson, G., Kientz, J. L., Rosburg, A. J., & Barnes, M. E. (2020). Brown Trout Spawn Timing, Redd Locations, and Stream Characteristics in Spearfish Creek within Spearfish, South Dakota, USA. Open Journal of Ecology 10(4), 177-188.
- Memiş, D., Yamaner, G., Tosun, D. D., Tunçelli, G., & Tinkir, M. (2020). Current Status of Economically Important Diadromous Fish Species of Turkey; European eel, Black Sea trout and Sturgeon Species. Aquatic Research 3(4), 188-196.
- Morelló, J. R., Motilva, M. J., Tovar, M.J., &Romero, M. P. (2004). Changes in Commercial Virgin Olive Oil (cv Arbequina) during Storage, with Special Emphasis on the Phenolic Fraction. Food Chemistry 85(3), 357-364.
- Öksüz, A. (2012). Comparison of meat yield, flesh colour, fatty acid, and mineral composition of wild and cultured Mediterranean amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810). Journal of FisheriesSciences 6(2), 164-175.
- Öksüz, A. & Özyılmaz, A. (2010). Changes in fatty acid compositions of Black Sea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) during catching season. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10(3), 381-385.
- Özyılmaz, A. (2019). Differences in Nutrition Value and Fatty Acid Profiles of Cultured Fish Consumed in Turkey (Türkiye’de Tüketilen Kültür Balıklarında Besin Değeri ve Yağ Asidi Bakımından Farklılıklar). Gıda-Journal of Food 44(1), 50-59.
- Özyılmaz, A. & Öksüz, A. (2015). Determination of the biochemical properties of liver oil from selected cartilaginous fish living in the northeastern Mediterranean. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 25, 160-167.
- Ozyilmaz, A., Erguden Alagoz, S., Erguden, D., Ozeren, A., & Nadir Semerci, R. S. (2016). The proximate compositions, carbohydrate contents and energy values of three freshwater fish from Seyhan River in Adana/Turkey. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(4), 1153-1155.
- Şahin, Ş. A., Başçınar, N., Kocabaş, M., Tufan, B., Köse, S., & Okumuş, İ. (2011). Evaluation of meat yield, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of cultured brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) and Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) in comparison with their hybrid. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11(2), 261-271.
- Tacon,, A. G., Lemos, D., & Metian, M. (2020). Fish for Health: Improved Nutritional Quality of Cultured Fish for Human Consumption. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 28(4), 449-458.
- Turan, D. & Aksu, S. (2021). A New Trout Species from Southern Marmara Sea Drainages (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 6(2), 232-239.
- Ulbricht, T. L. V. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1991). Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. The lancet 338(8773), 985-992.
- Ural, M. S., Çalta, M., & Parlak, A. E. (2017). The comparison of fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol in the muscle of wild caught, cage and pond reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science 16(1), 431-440.
- Yeşilayer, N. & Genç, N. (2013). Comparison of proximate and fatty acid compositions of wild brown trout and farmed rainbow trout. South African Journal of Animal Science 43(1), 89-97.
- Yeşilayer, N., Elmastaş, M., Akın, Ş,, Genç, N., & Akşit, H. (2014). Farklı Düzeylerde α- tokoferol asetat ve Defne Ekstratı İçeren Antioksidantlı Yemlerin Gökkuşağı Alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Büyüme Parametreleri ve Fileto Yağ Asitlerine Etkileri. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 31(1), 73-84.
- Závorka, L., Larranaga, N., Lovén Wallerius, M., Näslund, J., Koeck, B., Wengström, N., Cucherousset, J., & Johnsson, J. I. (2020). Within-stream Phenotypic Divergence in Head Shape of Brown Trout Associated with Invasive Brook Trout. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129(2), 347-355.
- Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Level on Growth Performance, Innate Immunity, Antioxidant Ability and Hypoxia Resistant of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Aquaculture Nutrition 27(1), 297-311.
Yetiştiriciği Yapılan Üç Tür Alabalığın; Kaynak Alabalığı (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill 1814), Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972) ve Karadeniz Alasının (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas 1811) Biyokimyasal Özelliklerinin Farklılıkları
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde ekonomik olarak önemli ve yetiştirilen üç alabalık (kaynak alabalığı, gökkuşağı alabalığı ve Karadeniz alabalığı) türünün bazı biyokimyasal özelliklerini belirlemektir. Gökkuşağı alabalığı uzun süredir başarıyla yetiştirilmektedir. Ancak kaynak alabalığı ve Karadeniz alabalığı bölgede yetiştirilmeye başlanan ve ekonomiye katkısı yüksek iki yeni tür olmuştur. Bu nedenle, balıklar (özellikle iki yeni tür) arasındaki karbonhidrat, enerji, karoten (A Vitamini) ve yağ asidi ve besin bileşenleri (protein, lipit, nem ve kül) seviyelerindeki farklılıkları belirlemeye ve raporlamaya güçlü bir ihtiyaç vardır. Ayrıca, balıkların lipit indeksleri [Aterojenik Indeks (AI), Trombojenik Indeks (TI) ve polien indeksi (PI)] de hesaplanmıştır. Ek olarak, bu çalışmada balıkların fileto renkleri de ölçülmüştür. Balıklarda ortalama nem ve protein seviyeleri farklılık gösterirken, lipit ve kül seviyeleri birbirine yakın bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada en yüksek karbonhidrat, enerji ve karoten seviyeleri kaynak alabalığında belirlenmiştir. En yüksek et verimi yine kaynak alabalığından elde edilmiştir, bunu Karadeniz alası ve gökkuşağı alabalığı izlemiştir. Çalışma için Karadeniz alası ve kaynak alabalığında toplam 19 yağ asidi ve gökkuşağı alabalığı için 17 yağ asidi belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm alabalıkların yaklaşık omega-3 seviyelerinin, gökkuşağı alabalığı hariç, omega-6 seviyelerine oranları kabaca iki katı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Besin bileşenleri Alabalık Karoten (A vitamini) Fileto rengi Yağ asitleri
Kaynakça
- Ateş, M., Çakıroğulları, G. Ç., Kocabaş, M., Kayım, M., Can, E., & Kızak, V. (2013). Seasonal Variations of Proximate and Total Fatty Acid Composition of Wild Brown Trout in Munzur River, Tunceli-Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13(4), 613-619.
- Baesu, A., Audet, C., & Bayen, S. (2022). Evaluation of Different Extractions for the Metabolite Identification of Malachite Green in Brook Trout and Shrimp. Food Chemistry 369, 130567.
- Barylo, Y., Loboiko, Y., Barylo, B., Keznine, M., & Benaissa, H. (2021). Condition Factor and Identification of Amino Acid Composition of Three Trout Species in the Western Region of Ukraine. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries 25(4), 539-548.
- Bayar, İ. , İnci, A., Ünübol Aypak, S. & Bildik, A. (2021). Büyük Menderes Nehri’nde (Aydın) Yaşayan İki Tatlı Su Balığı Türünün Kas Dokularındaki Total Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonunun Araştırılması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(2), 260-266. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.723089
- Çakmak, E., Çankırılıgil, E. C., & Özel, O. T. (2018). The fifth culture generation of Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax): Culture characteristics, meat yield and proximate composition. Su Ürünleri Dergisi 35(1), 103-110.
- Çankiriligil, E. C. & Berik, N. (2020). Chemical Composition of the Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814): A Comparative Study. Aquatic Research 3(4), 208-219.
- Chen, J., Jayachandran, M., Bai, W., & Xu, B. (2021). A Critical Review on the Health Benefits of Fish Consumption and Its Bioactive Constituents. Food Chemistry 369, 130874.
- Dernekbaşı,, S. & Karayücel, İ. (2021). Effect of Alternate Feeding with Fish Oil‐and Peanut Oil‐Based Diets on the Growth and Fatty Acid Compositions of European seabass fingerlings (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Recirculated Systems. Aquaculture Research 52(7), 3137-3147.
- Dernekbaşı, S., Kerim, M., & Alagil, F. (2015). Effect of Dietary Safflower and Canola Oil on Growth Performance, Body, and Fatty Acid Composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 24(2), 131-142.
- Dernekbasi, S. & Karatas, E., (2020). Effect of cycled feeding by diets including vegetable and fish oil on growth performances and fatty acid profiles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 52(4), 1471-1482.
- Dernekbaşı, S., Karayücel, I., & Akyüz, A. P. (2017). Effect of diets containing laurel seed oil on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Nutrition 23(2): 219-227.
- Erikson, U. & Misimi, E. (2008). Atlantic salmon skin and fillet color changes effected by perimortem handling stress, rigor mortis, and ice storage. Journal of food science 73(2), C50-C59.
- Güner, S., Dincer, B., Alemdag, N., Colak, A., & Tüfekci, M. (1998). Proximate composition and selected mineral content of commercially important fish species from the Black Sea. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 78(3), 337-342.
- İspir, Ü. , Özcan, M. & Kırıcı, M. (2021). Fatty Acid Composition in Yersinia ruckeri Strains Isolated from Rainbow Trout Farms. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(6), 1208-1212. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.838056
- Kayim, M., Oksuz, A., Ozyilmaz, A., Kocabas, M., Can, E., Kizak, V., & Ates, M. (2011). Proximate composition, fatty acid profile and mineral content of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta sp.) from Munzur River in Tunceli, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry 23(8), 3533-3537.
- Küçükgülmez, A., Yanar, Y., Çelik, M., & Ersor, B. (2018). Fatty acids profile, atherogenic, thrombogenic, and polyene lipid indices in golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and gold band goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) from Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 27(8), 912-918.
- Lațiu, C., Cocan, D., Uiuiu, P., Ihuț, A., Nicula, S. A., Constantinescu, R., & Mireșan, V. (2020). The Black Sea Trout, Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Salmonidae) in Romanian Waters. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 77(2), 10-19.
- Li, N., Wu, X., Zhuang, W., Xia, L., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Rao, Z., Du, L., Zhao, R., Yi, M., Wan, Q., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Fish Consumption and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 99, 273-283.
- Lubis, Z. & Buckle, K. A. (1990). Rancidity and lipid oxidation of dried-salted sardines. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 25(3), 295–303.
- Martling, S., Simpson, G., Kientz, J. L., Rosburg, A. J., & Barnes, M. E. (2020). Brown Trout Spawn Timing, Redd Locations, and Stream Characteristics in Spearfish Creek within Spearfish, South Dakota, USA. Open Journal of Ecology 10(4), 177-188.
- Memiş, D., Yamaner, G., Tosun, D. D., Tunçelli, G., & Tinkir, M. (2020). Current Status of Economically Important Diadromous Fish Species of Turkey; European eel, Black Sea trout and Sturgeon Species. Aquatic Research 3(4), 188-196.
- Morelló, J. R., Motilva, M. J., Tovar, M.J., &Romero, M. P. (2004). Changes in Commercial Virgin Olive Oil (cv Arbequina) during Storage, with Special Emphasis on the Phenolic Fraction. Food Chemistry 85(3), 357-364.
- Öksüz, A. (2012). Comparison of meat yield, flesh colour, fatty acid, and mineral composition of wild and cultured Mediterranean amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810). Journal of FisheriesSciences 6(2), 164-175.
- Öksüz, A. & Özyılmaz, A. (2010). Changes in fatty acid compositions of Black Sea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) during catching season. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10(3), 381-385.
- Özyılmaz, A. (2019). Differences in Nutrition Value and Fatty Acid Profiles of Cultured Fish Consumed in Turkey (Türkiye’de Tüketilen Kültür Balıklarında Besin Değeri ve Yağ Asidi Bakımından Farklılıklar). Gıda-Journal of Food 44(1), 50-59.
- Özyılmaz, A. & Öksüz, A. (2015). Determination of the biochemical properties of liver oil from selected cartilaginous fish living in the northeastern Mediterranean. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 25, 160-167.
- Ozyilmaz, A., Erguden Alagoz, S., Erguden, D., Ozeren, A., & Nadir Semerci, R. S. (2016). The proximate compositions, carbohydrate contents and energy values of three freshwater fish from Seyhan River in Adana/Turkey. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(4), 1153-1155.
- Şahin, Ş. A., Başçınar, N., Kocabaş, M., Tufan, B., Köse, S., & Okumuş, İ. (2011). Evaluation of meat yield, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of cultured brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) and Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) in comparison with their hybrid. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11(2), 261-271.
- Tacon,, A. G., Lemos, D., & Metian, M. (2020). Fish for Health: Improved Nutritional Quality of Cultured Fish for Human Consumption. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 28(4), 449-458.
- Turan, D. & Aksu, S. (2021). A New Trout Species from Southern Marmara Sea Drainages (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 6(2), 232-239.
- Ulbricht, T. L. V. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1991). Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. The lancet 338(8773), 985-992.
- Ural, M. S., Çalta, M., & Parlak, A. E. (2017). The comparison of fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol in the muscle of wild caught, cage and pond reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science 16(1), 431-440.
- Yeşilayer, N. & Genç, N. (2013). Comparison of proximate and fatty acid compositions of wild brown trout and farmed rainbow trout. South African Journal of Animal Science 43(1), 89-97.
- Yeşilayer, N., Elmastaş, M., Akın, Ş,, Genç, N., & Akşit, H. (2014). Farklı Düzeylerde α- tokoferol asetat ve Defne Ekstratı İçeren Antioksidantlı Yemlerin Gökkuşağı Alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Büyüme Parametreleri ve Fileto Yağ Asitlerine Etkileri. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 31(1), 73-84.
- Závorka, L., Larranaga, N., Lovén Wallerius, M., Näslund, J., Koeck, B., Wengström, N., Cucherousset, J., & Johnsson, J. I. (2020). Within-stream Phenotypic Divergence in Head Shape of Brown Trout Associated with Invasive Brook Trout. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129(2), 347-355.
- Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Level on Growth Performance, Innate Immunity, Antioxidant Ability and Hypoxia Resistant of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Aquaculture Nutrition 27(1), 297-311.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Aralık 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Mart 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)
Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)
Bu web sitesi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.