Araştırma Makalesi
Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from the Invasive Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum L., 1778) in North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Türkiye
Öz
In the present study, collagen was obtained from tissues of the invasive sea urchin (Diadema setosum) rapidly spread in the Mediterranean Sea. As a result, the yield of collagen isolated from sea urchin was determined to be 23.78±1.33% (dry weight). As a result of SDS-Page analysis, it was determined that it contains (α1)2α2, (Molecular Weight (MA) 124, 114 kDa) and ß chains (MA 245 kDa) similar to calfskin collagen. In the amino acid analysis of collagen, it was determined that the imino acid (proline+hydroxyproline) content was 196.1 residues/1000 residues. The functional bands of amide A (3301 cm-1), B (2924 cm-1), I (1643 cm-1), II (1550 cm-1), and III (1242 cm-1) functional bands were visualized in the FTIR spectrum. These results were like other collagen sources. Invasive sea urchin was used as a source of collagen for the first time in the present study. An alternative source of collagen to mammalian collagen, which is used commercially in many industries such as biomedicine, food and cosmetics, was isolated for the first time from D. setosum. It was proposed that marine collagen can be used as an alternative source of collagen and a functional component in areas including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Marine collagen Diadema setosum Invasive sea urchin Cosmetic Biomaterial
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, M., & Benjakul, S. (2010). Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monocerous). Food Chemistry 120(3), 817-824. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.019
- Ali, A.M.M., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T., & Kishimura H (2018). Extraction and characterisation of collagen from the skin of golden carp (Probarbus jullieni), a processing by-product. Waste Biomass Valorization 9(5), 783-791. doi: 10.1007/s12649-017-9841-0
- AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International (17th). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA. p.
- Artüz, M.L., & Artüz, O.B. (2019). First and northernmost record of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) in the Sea of Marmara. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 35(2), 375-379. doi: 10.1007/s41208-019-00137-3
- Asaduzzaman, A. K. M., Getachew, A. T., Cho, Y. J., Park, J. S., Haq, M., & Chun, B. S. (2020). Characterization of pepsin-solubilised collagen recovered from mackerel (Scomber japonicus) bone and skin using subcritical water hydrolysis. International journal of biological macromolecules, 148, 1290-1297.
- Barzideh, Z., Latiff, A.A., Gan, C.Y., & Benjakul, S (2014). Karim AA. Isolation and characterisation of collagen from the ribbon jellyfish (C hrysaora sp.). International Journal of Food Science & Technology 49(6), 1490-1499. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.12464
- Bilecenoğlu, M., Yokes, M.B., & Draman M (2019). The invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum provides shelter for coastal fish–first observations from the Mediterranean Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 65(2), 183-185. doi: 10.1080/09397140.2019. 1571746
- Bligh, E.G., & Dyer, W.J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37(8), 911-917.
- Çınar, M.E., Bilecenoğlu, M., Yokeş, M.B., Öztürk, B., Taşkin, E., Bakir, K., Dogan, A., & Açık, Ş (2021). Current status (as of end of 2020) of marine alien species in Turkey. Plos One 16(5), e0251086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251086
- Cluzel, C., Lethias, C., Garrone, R., & Exposito JY (2000). Sea urchin fibrillar collagen 2α chain participates in heterotrimeric molecules of (1α)22α stoichiometry. Matrix Biology, 19(6), 545-547. doi: 10.1016/S0945-053X(00)00109-8
- Dimova, N (2003). RP-HPLC analysis of amino acids with UV-detection. Comptes rendus de l'Académie bulgare des Sciences, 56(12), 12-75. 2003CRABS ..56l..75D
- Ferrario, C., Rusconi, F., Pulaj, A., Macchi, R., Landini, P., Paroni, M., Colombo, G., Martinello, T., Melotti, L., Gomiero, C., Candia Carnevali, M.D., Bonasoro, F., Patruno, M., & Sugni, M. (2020). From food waste to innovative biomaterial: Sea urchin-derived collagen for applications in skin regenerative medicine. Marine drugs, 18(8), 414.
- Fitriyani, F., Santoso, D., & Karnan K (2022). Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) at Lakey Beach, Hu'u District, Dompu Regency. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 22(1), 277-288. doi: 10.29303/jbt.v22i1.3119
- Flammang, P., Warnau, M., Temara, A., Lane, D.J., & Jangoux M (1997). Heavy metals in Diadema setosum (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from Singapore coral reefs. Journal of Sea Research, 38(1-2), 35-45. doi: 10.1016/S1385-1101(97)00033-6
- Gharagheshlagh, S.N., Fatemi, M.J., Jamili, S., Sharifi, A.M., & Nourani MR (2020). Isolation and characterization of acid-soluble collagen from the skin of Rutilus Frisii Kutum (Kamensky) of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 19(2), 768-779. doi: 10.22092/ijfs.2019.118957
- Hüseyinoğlu, M.F., Demir, V., Arda, Y., Draman, M., & Yokes MB (2021). Spatio-temporal distribution of lionfish, Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) in Kas-Kekova special environmental protected area, Turkey. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 254, 107331. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107331
- Iswariya, S., Velswamy, P., & Uma TS (2018). Isolation and characterization of biocompatible collagen from the skin of puffer fish (Lagocephalus inermis). Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(5), 2086-2095. doi: 10.1007/s10924-017-1107-1
- Kayhan, F.E., & Yön Ertuğ, N.D. (2021). Invasive Toxic Pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in Turkish Coasts. Doğanın Sesi 8, 35-46 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
- Kozlowska, J., Sionkowska, A., Skopinska-Wisniewska, J., & Piechowicz, K. (2015). Northern pike (Esox lucius) collagen: Extraction, characterization and potential application. International journal of biological macromolecules, 81, 220-227.
- Kumar, N.S., Nazeer, R.A., & Jaiganesh R (2012). Wound healing properties of collagen from the bone of two marine fishes. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 18(3), 185-192. doi: 10.1007/s10989-012-9291-2
- Lessios, H.A., Kessing, B.D., & Pearse JS (2001). Population structure and speciation in tropical seas: global phylogeography of the sea urchin Diadema. Evolution, 55(5), 955-975. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00613.x
- Li, P.H., Lu, W.C., Chan, Y.J., Ko, W.C., Jung, C.C., Le, T.D., & Ji YX (2020). Extraction and characterization of collagen from sea cucumber (Holothuria cinerascens) and its potential application in moisturizing cosmetics. Aquaculture 515, 734590. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2019. 734590
- Liu, D., Liang, L., Regenstein, J. M., & Zhou, P. (2012). Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Food Chemistry, 133(4), 1441-1448.
- Marimuthu, K., Gunaselvam, P., Rahman, A., Xavier, R., Arockiaraj, J., Subramanian, S., Yusoff, F.M., & Arshad A (2015). Antibacterial activity of ovary extract from sea urchin Diadema setosum. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19(10), 1895-1899.
- Muthumari, K., Anand. M., & Maruthupandy M (2016). Collagen extract from marine finfish scales as a potential mosquito larvicide. Protein Journals, 35(6), 391-400. doi: 10.1007/s10930-016-9685-7
- Nagai, T., & Suzuki N (2000). Partial characterization of collagen from purple sea urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina) test. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 35(5), 497-501. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2000.00406.x
- Nurubhasha, R., Kumar, N.S., Thirumalasetti, S.K., Simhachalam, G., & Dirisala VR (2019). Extraction and characterization of collagen from the skin of Pterygoplichthys pardalis and its potential application in food industries. Food Science and Biotechnology 28(6), 1811-1817. doi: 10.1007/ s10068-019-00601-z
- Nurilmala, M., Pertiwi, R.M., Nurhayati, T., Fauzi, S., Batubara, I., & Ochiai Y (2019). Characterization of collagen and its hydrolysate from yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin and their potencies as antioxidant and antiglycation agents. Fisheries Science, 85(3), 591-599. doi: 10.1007/s12562-019-01303-5
- Omura, Y., Urano, N., & Kimura S (1996). Occurrence of fibrillar collagen with structure of (α1) 2α2 in the test of sea urchin Asthenosoma ijimai. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 115(1), 63-68. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(96)00085-5
- Rahman, M.A., Amin, S.M.N., Yusoff, F.M., Arshad, A., Kuppan, P., & Nor Shamsudin M (2012). Length weight relationships and fecundity estimates of long-spined sea urchin, Diadema setosum, from the Pulau Pangkor, Peninsular Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 15(3), 311-315. doi: 10.1080/14634988.2012.712027
- Senaratne, L.S., Park, P.J., & Kim SK (2006). Isolation and characterization of collagen from brown backed toadfish (Lagocephalus gloveri) skin. Bioresource Technology, 97(2), 191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech. 2005.02.024
- Sivakumar, P., & Chandrakasan, G (1998). Occurrence of a novel collagen with three distinct chains in the cranial cartilage of the squid Sepia officinalis: comparison with shark cartilage collagen. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1381(2), 161-169.
- Shimadzu Corporation, Instructions, Phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), 26922, Pierce Chemical Company, 6/1999, U.S.A
- Shimizu, K., Amemiya, S., & Yoshizato K (1990). Biochemical and immunological characterization of collagen molecules from echinothurioid sea urchin Asthenosoma ijimai. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1038(1), 39-46. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90007-3
- Sulaiman, A.W., & Sarbon NM (2020). Characterization of acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) extracted from shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) waste. Food Research, 4(6), 2272-2280. doi: 10.26656/ fr.2017.4(6).267.
- Tulandi, S.M., Tanzil, L., & Ulfa DM (2021). Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Methanol Extract of Diadema setosum Sea Urchin Gonads using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14(3), 1629-1634. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00289.4
- Turan, C., Erguden, D., & Uygur N (2011). On the occurrence of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in Antakya Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(1), 78-82. Trotter, J.A., & Koob TJ (1994). Biochemical characterization of fibrillar collagen from the mutable spine ligament of the sea-urchin Eucidaris tribuloides. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 107(1), 125-134. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90234-8
- Uğurlu, E., & Duysak, Ö. (2022). A study on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum from Iskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23728-9
- Veeruraj, A., Arumugam, M., & Balasubramanian, T. (2013). Isolation and characterization of thermostable collagen from the marine eel-fish (Evenchelys macrura). Process biochemistry, 48(10), 1592-1602.
- Yapıcı, S (2018). Unusual observation of the alien sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in the Aegean Sea: recent and recorded occurrences. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 34(2), 267-269. doi: 10.1007/ s41208-017-0060-z
- Yokes, B., & Galil BS (2006). The first record of the needle-spined urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 1(3), 188-190. doi: 10.3391/ai.2006.1.3.15.
- Zhang, J., Duan, R., Huang, L., Song, Y., & Regenstein, J. M. (2014). Characterisation of acid-soluble and pepsin-solubilised collagen from jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye). Food Chemistry, 150, 22-26.
Türkiye Kıyılarında Dağılım Gösteren İstilacı Denizkestanesinden (Diadema setosum L., 1778) Kolajen Ekstraksiyonu ve Karakterizasyonu
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Akdeniz'de hızla yayılan istilacı denizkestanesi (Diadema setosum) dokularından kolajen elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, denizkestanesinden elde edilen kolajenin verimi %23.78±1.33 (kuru ağırlık) olarak belirlenmiştir. SDS-Page analizi sonucunda, dana derisi kolajenine benzeyen (α1)2α2, (Molekül Ağırlığı (MA) 124, 114 kDa) ve ß zincirleri (MA 245 kDa) içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Kolajenin amino asit analizinde imino asit (prolin+hidroksiprolin) içeriğinin 196.1 kalıntı/1000 kalıntı olduğu belirlenmiştir. FTIR spektrumuna göre Amid A (3301 cm-1), Amide B (2924 cm-1), Amide I (1643 cm-1), Amide II (1550 cm-1) ve Amide III (1242 cm-1) fonksiyonel bantları görüntülenmiştir. İstilacı denizkestanesinden kolajen ilk defa bu çalışma ile elde edilmiştir. Biyotıp, gıda ve kozmetik gibi birçok endüstride ticari olarak kullanılan memeli kolajenine alternatif olarak istilacı denizkestanesinden (D. setosum) kolajen ilk kez elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu kolajeninin gıda, kozmetik ve ilaç endüstrileri gibi alanlarda alternatif bir kolajen kaynağı ve fonksiyonel bir bileşen olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Denizel kolajen Diadema setosum İstilacı denizkestanesi Kozmetik Biyomateryal
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, M., & Benjakul, S. (2010). Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monocerous). Food Chemistry 120(3), 817-824. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.019
- Ali, A.M.M., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T., & Kishimura H (2018). Extraction and characterisation of collagen from the skin of golden carp (Probarbus jullieni), a processing by-product. Waste Biomass Valorization 9(5), 783-791. doi: 10.1007/s12649-017-9841-0
- AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International (17th). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA. p.
- Artüz, M.L., & Artüz, O.B. (2019). First and northernmost record of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) in the Sea of Marmara. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 35(2), 375-379. doi: 10.1007/s41208-019-00137-3
- Asaduzzaman, A. K. M., Getachew, A. T., Cho, Y. J., Park, J. S., Haq, M., & Chun, B. S. (2020). Characterization of pepsin-solubilised collagen recovered from mackerel (Scomber japonicus) bone and skin using subcritical water hydrolysis. International journal of biological macromolecules, 148, 1290-1297.
- Barzideh, Z., Latiff, A.A., Gan, C.Y., & Benjakul, S (2014). Karim AA. Isolation and characterisation of collagen from the ribbon jellyfish (C hrysaora sp.). International Journal of Food Science & Technology 49(6), 1490-1499. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.12464
- Bilecenoğlu, M., Yokes, M.B., & Draman M (2019). The invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum provides shelter for coastal fish–first observations from the Mediterranean Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 65(2), 183-185. doi: 10.1080/09397140.2019. 1571746
- Bligh, E.G., & Dyer, W.J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37(8), 911-917.
- Çınar, M.E., Bilecenoğlu, M., Yokeş, M.B., Öztürk, B., Taşkin, E., Bakir, K., Dogan, A., & Açık, Ş (2021). Current status (as of end of 2020) of marine alien species in Turkey. Plos One 16(5), e0251086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251086
- Cluzel, C., Lethias, C., Garrone, R., & Exposito JY (2000). Sea urchin fibrillar collagen 2α chain participates in heterotrimeric molecules of (1α)22α stoichiometry. Matrix Biology, 19(6), 545-547. doi: 10.1016/S0945-053X(00)00109-8
- Dimova, N (2003). RP-HPLC analysis of amino acids with UV-detection. Comptes rendus de l'Académie bulgare des Sciences, 56(12), 12-75. 2003CRABS ..56l..75D
- Ferrario, C., Rusconi, F., Pulaj, A., Macchi, R., Landini, P., Paroni, M., Colombo, G., Martinello, T., Melotti, L., Gomiero, C., Candia Carnevali, M.D., Bonasoro, F., Patruno, M., & Sugni, M. (2020). From food waste to innovative biomaterial: Sea urchin-derived collagen for applications in skin regenerative medicine. Marine drugs, 18(8), 414.
- Fitriyani, F., Santoso, D., & Karnan K (2022). Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) at Lakey Beach, Hu'u District, Dompu Regency. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 22(1), 277-288. doi: 10.29303/jbt.v22i1.3119
- Flammang, P., Warnau, M., Temara, A., Lane, D.J., & Jangoux M (1997). Heavy metals in Diadema setosum (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from Singapore coral reefs. Journal of Sea Research, 38(1-2), 35-45. doi: 10.1016/S1385-1101(97)00033-6
- Gharagheshlagh, S.N., Fatemi, M.J., Jamili, S., Sharifi, A.M., & Nourani MR (2020). Isolation and characterization of acid-soluble collagen from the skin of Rutilus Frisii Kutum (Kamensky) of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 19(2), 768-779. doi: 10.22092/ijfs.2019.118957
- Hüseyinoğlu, M.F., Demir, V., Arda, Y., Draman, M., & Yokes MB (2021). Spatio-temporal distribution of lionfish, Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) in Kas-Kekova special environmental protected area, Turkey. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 254, 107331. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107331
- Iswariya, S., Velswamy, P., & Uma TS (2018). Isolation and characterization of biocompatible collagen from the skin of puffer fish (Lagocephalus inermis). Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(5), 2086-2095. doi: 10.1007/s10924-017-1107-1
- Kayhan, F.E., & Yön Ertuğ, N.D. (2021). Invasive Toxic Pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in Turkish Coasts. Doğanın Sesi 8, 35-46 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
- Kozlowska, J., Sionkowska, A., Skopinska-Wisniewska, J., & Piechowicz, K. (2015). Northern pike (Esox lucius) collagen: Extraction, characterization and potential application. International journal of biological macromolecules, 81, 220-227.
- Kumar, N.S., Nazeer, R.A., & Jaiganesh R (2012). Wound healing properties of collagen from the bone of two marine fishes. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 18(3), 185-192. doi: 10.1007/s10989-012-9291-2
- Lessios, H.A., Kessing, B.D., & Pearse JS (2001). Population structure and speciation in tropical seas: global phylogeography of the sea urchin Diadema. Evolution, 55(5), 955-975. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00613.x
- Li, P.H., Lu, W.C., Chan, Y.J., Ko, W.C., Jung, C.C., Le, T.D., & Ji YX (2020). Extraction and characterization of collagen from sea cucumber (Holothuria cinerascens) and its potential application in moisturizing cosmetics. Aquaculture 515, 734590. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2019. 734590
- Liu, D., Liang, L., Regenstein, J. M., & Zhou, P. (2012). Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Food Chemistry, 133(4), 1441-1448.
- Marimuthu, K., Gunaselvam, P., Rahman, A., Xavier, R., Arockiaraj, J., Subramanian, S., Yusoff, F.M., & Arshad A (2015). Antibacterial activity of ovary extract from sea urchin Diadema setosum. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19(10), 1895-1899.
- Muthumari, K., Anand. M., & Maruthupandy M (2016). Collagen extract from marine finfish scales as a potential mosquito larvicide. Protein Journals, 35(6), 391-400. doi: 10.1007/s10930-016-9685-7
- Nagai, T., & Suzuki N (2000). Partial characterization of collagen from purple sea urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina) test. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 35(5), 497-501. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2000.00406.x
- Nurubhasha, R., Kumar, N.S., Thirumalasetti, S.K., Simhachalam, G., & Dirisala VR (2019). Extraction and characterization of collagen from the skin of Pterygoplichthys pardalis and its potential application in food industries. Food Science and Biotechnology 28(6), 1811-1817. doi: 10.1007/ s10068-019-00601-z
- Nurilmala, M., Pertiwi, R.M., Nurhayati, T., Fauzi, S., Batubara, I., & Ochiai Y (2019). Characterization of collagen and its hydrolysate from yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin and their potencies as antioxidant and antiglycation agents. Fisheries Science, 85(3), 591-599. doi: 10.1007/s12562-019-01303-5
- Omura, Y., Urano, N., & Kimura S (1996). Occurrence of fibrillar collagen with structure of (α1) 2α2 in the test of sea urchin Asthenosoma ijimai. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 115(1), 63-68. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(96)00085-5
- Rahman, M.A., Amin, S.M.N., Yusoff, F.M., Arshad, A., Kuppan, P., & Nor Shamsudin M (2012). Length weight relationships and fecundity estimates of long-spined sea urchin, Diadema setosum, from the Pulau Pangkor, Peninsular Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 15(3), 311-315. doi: 10.1080/14634988.2012.712027
- Senaratne, L.S., Park, P.J., & Kim SK (2006). Isolation and characterization of collagen from brown backed toadfish (Lagocephalus gloveri) skin. Bioresource Technology, 97(2), 191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech. 2005.02.024
- Sivakumar, P., & Chandrakasan, G (1998). Occurrence of a novel collagen with three distinct chains in the cranial cartilage of the squid Sepia officinalis: comparison with shark cartilage collagen. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1381(2), 161-169.
- Shimadzu Corporation, Instructions, Phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), 26922, Pierce Chemical Company, 6/1999, U.S.A
- Shimizu, K., Amemiya, S., & Yoshizato K (1990). Biochemical and immunological characterization of collagen molecules from echinothurioid sea urchin Asthenosoma ijimai. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1038(1), 39-46. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90007-3
- Sulaiman, A.W., & Sarbon NM (2020). Characterization of acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) extracted from shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) waste. Food Research, 4(6), 2272-2280. doi: 10.26656/ fr.2017.4(6).267.
- Tulandi, S.M., Tanzil, L., & Ulfa DM (2021). Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Methanol Extract of Diadema setosum Sea Urchin Gonads using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14(3), 1629-1634. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00289.4
- Turan, C., Erguden, D., & Uygur N (2011). On the occurrence of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in Antakya Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(1), 78-82. Trotter, J.A., & Koob TJ (1994). Biochemical characterization of fibrillar collagen from the mutable spine ligament of the sea-urchin Eucidaris tribuloides. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 107(1), 125-134. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90234-8
- Uğurlu, E., & Duysak, Ö. (2022). A study on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum from Iskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23728-9
- Veeruraj, A., Arumugam, M., & Balasubramanian, T. (2013). Isolation and characterization of thermostable collagen from the marine eel-fish (Evenchelys macrura). Process biochemistry, 48(10), 1592-1602.
- Yapıcı, S (2018). Unusual observation of the alien sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in the Aegean Sea: recent and recorded occurrences. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 34(2), 267-269. doi: 10.1007/ s41208-017-0060-z
- Yokes, B., & Galil BS (2006). The first record of the needle-spined urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 1(3), 188-190. doi: 10.3391/ai.2006.1.3.15.
- Zhang, J., Duan, R., Huang, L., Song, Y., & Regenstein, J. M. (2014). Characterisation of acid-soluble and pepsin-solubilised collagen from jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye). Food Chemistry, 150, 22-26.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 14 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Kasım 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 13 Nisan 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
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