Editöre Mektup
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kara Asker Sineği Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758): Biyoloji, Üretim ve Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı

Yıl 2018, , 246 - 263, 30.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.323450

Öz

Artan dünya nüfusunun gıda ihtiyacını karşılamak günümüzün en önemli
küresel sorunlarından biri durumundadır. Söz konusu ihtiyacın önümüzdeki
yıllarda çok daha ciddi boyutlara ulaşacağı ve bu noktada radikal önlemler
alınması gerektiği yaygın şekilde vurgulanmaktadır. Bu noktada süregelen
alternatif arayışları, insanların, özellikle de çiftlik hayvanlarının
beslenmesinde böceklerin en ideal kaynaklardan biri olabileceğini göstermiştir.
İlgili araştırmalarda birçok böcek türü üzerinde durulmuş ve bunlardan
özellikle de kara asker sineğinin çeşitli açılardan en ideal tür olduğu
sonucuna varılmıştır. Üretim kolaylığı, organik atıklarda beslenebilmesi,
beslenme artığının organik gübre olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeli taşıması,
çevre dostu olması ve larvalarının besin içeriğinin oldukça yüksek olması gibi
avantajlara sahip olan tür son yıllarda dünyanın birçok bölgesinde yaygın
olarak üretilmeye başlamıştır. Elde edilen veriler ve hazırlanan raporlar, bu
sinek türünün dünya çapındaki gıda açığı sorununu giderme konusunda, oldukça
iddialı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makalede, sineğin biyolojisi,
morfolojisi, Türkiye koşullarında üretimi, besin içeriği ve hayvan beslemede
kullanımı konuları ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmış olup, hem üreticilerin hem
de ilgili araştırmacıların yararlanabileceği hemen bütün veriler bir bütünlük
içinde sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Agunbiade JA, Adeyemi OA, Ashiru OM, Awojobi HA, Taiwo AA, Oke DB,
  • Adekunmisi AA 2007. Replacement of Fish Meal with Maggot Meal in Cassava Based Layers’ Diets. J Poult Sci, 44:278-282.
  • Allotey J, Mpuchane S 2003. Utilization of Useful Insects as a Food Source. AJFAD, 3:1-8.
  • Alvarez L 2012. The Role of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Sustainable Waste Management in Northern Climates. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. p.402.
  • Amatya P 2009. Economics of Black Soldier Fly in Dairy Waste Management. Master of Science (Agricultural Economics), Tarleton State University, 70 pp.
  • Andrew N, Khusro M, Andrew N, Nicholas A 2010. Insects as Poultry Food: a Scoping Study. Australian Poultry CRC Pty Ltd, NSW Australia.
  • Aranaz I, Mengibar M, Harris R, Panos I, Miralles B, Acosta N, Galed G, Heras A 2009. Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan. Curr Chem Biol, 3:203-230.
  • Arango Gutierrez GP, Vergara Ruiz RA, Mejia Velez H 2004. Compositional, Microbiological and Protein Digestibility Analysis of Larval Meal of Hermetia illucens (Diptera:Stratiomyidae) at Angelopolis-Antioquia, Colombia. Facult Nacl Agron Med, 57:2491–2499.
  • Awoniyi TAM, Aletor VA, Aina JM 2003. Performance of Broiler-Chickens Fed on Maggot Meal in Place of Fish Meal. Int J Poult Sci, 2:271-274.
  • Balicka-Ramisz A, Wojtasz-Pajak A, Pilarczyk B, Ramisz A 2007. The Effect of Chitosan on Body Weight and Protection Against Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Broiler Chickens. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 50(3):288-293.
  • Banks IJ, Gibson WT, Cameron MM 2013. Growth Rates of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Fed on Fresh Human Faeces and Their Implication for Improving Sanitation. Trop Med Int Health,19(1):14-22.
  • Barry T 2004. Evaluation of the Economic, Social, and Biological Feasibility of Bioconverting Food Wastes with the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). PhD Dissertation, University of Texas, 176 pp.
  • Bovera F, Loponte R, Marono S, Piccolo G, Parisi G, Iaconisi V, Gaco L, Nizza A 2015. Use of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal as Protein Source in Broiler Diet: Effect on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass and Meat Traits. J Anim Sci, 94:639–647.
  • Burkatovskaya M, Castano AP, Demidova-Rice TN, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR 2008. Effect of Chitosan Acetate Bandage on Wound Healing in Infected and Noninfected Wounds in Mice. Wound Repair Regen, 16(3):425-431.
  • Canli O, Tasar GE, Taskin M 2012. Inulinase production by Geotrichum candidum OC-7 using migratory locusts as a new substrate and optimization process with Taguchi DOE. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 29(8): 704-710.
  • Caruso D, Devic E, Subamia IW, Talamond P, Baras E 2014. Technical Handbook of Domestication and Production of Diptera Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens, Stratiomyidae. PT Penerbit IPB Press, Kampus IPB Taman Kencana Bogor, IRD-DIVA-ISEM publication, No 2014-038. pp.141.
  • Charlton AJ, Dickinson M, Wakefield ME, Fitches E, Kenis M, Han R, Zhu F, Kone N, Grant M, Devic E, Bruggeman G, Prior R, Smith R 2015. Exploring the Chemical Safety of Fly Larvae as a Source of Protein for Animal Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1):7-16.
  • Chen HC, Chang CC, Mau WJ, Yen LS 2002. Evaluation of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides as the Main Carbon Sources for the Growth of Intestinal Bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 209:53-56.
  • Choi Y, Choi J, Kim J, Kim M, Kim W, Park K, Bae S, Jeong G 2009. Potential Usage of Food Waste as a Natural Fertilizer After Digestion by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Int J Indust Entomol, 19(1):171-174.
  • Cullere M, Tasoniero G, Giaccone V, Miotti-Scapin R, Claeys E, De Smet S, Dalle Zotte A 2016. Black Soldier Fly as Dietary Protein Source for Broiler Quails: Apparent Digestibility, Excreta Microbial Load, Feed Choice, Performance, Carcass and Meat Traits. Animal, 10(12):1-8.
  • De Marco M, Martínez S, Hernandez F, Madrid J, Gai F, Rotolo L, Belforti M , Bergero D, Katz H, Dabbou S, Kovitvadhi A, Zoccarato I, Gasco L, Schiavone A 2015. Nutritional Value of Two Insect Larval Meals (Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens) for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility and Apparent Metabolizable Energy. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 209:211-218.
  • Diclaro JW, Kaufman PE 2009. Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens Linnaeus (Insecta: Diptera: Stratiomyidae). EENY 461. UF/IFAS Extension, University of Florida.
  • Diener S, Solano NMS, Gutierrez FR, Zurbruegg C, Tockner K 2011. Biological Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Waste Biomass Valorization, 2:357-363.
  • Diener S, Zurbrügg C, Tockner K 2009. Conversion of Organic Material by Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Establishing Optimal Feeding Rates. WMR, 27:603-610.
  • Elwert C, Knips I, Katz P 2010. A Novel Protein Source: Maggot Meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Broiler Feed. In: M. Gierus, H. Kluth, M. Bulang und H. Kluge (Hrsg): 11. Tagung Schweine- und Geflügelernährung, 23-25. November 2010 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, ISBN: 978-3-86829-250-3
  • Erickson MC, Islam M, Sheppard C, Liao J, Doyle MP 2004. Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Chicken Manure by Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly. J Food Protection, 67:685-690.
  • Fatchurochim S, Geden CJ, Axtell RC 1989. Filth Fly (Diptera) Oviposition and Larval Development in Poultry Manure of Various Moisture Levels. J Entomol Sci, 24(2):224‐231.
  • Finke MD 2013. Complete Nutrient Content of Four Species of Feeder Insects. Zoo Bio, 32:27-36.
  • Gabler F 2014. Using Black Soldier Fly for Waste Recycling and Effective Salmonella spp. Reduction. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Project Thesis.
  • Gobbi P, Martinez-Sanchez A, Rojo S 2013. The effects of Larval Diet on Adult Life-History Traits of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera Stratiomyidae). Eur J Entomol, 110(3):461-468.
  • Harikrishnan R, Kim JS, Balasundaram C, Heo MS 2012. Dietary Supplementation with Chitin and Chitosan on Haematology and Innate Immune Response in Epinephelus bruneus against Philasterides dicentrarchi. Exp Paras, 131:116-124.
  • Hirano S, Itakur CH, Seino H, Akiyama Y, Nonaka I, Kanbara N, Kawakami T 1990. Chitosan as an Ingredient for Domestic Animal Feeds. J Agric Food Chem, 38:1214-1217.
  • Holmes L 2010. Role of Abiotic Factors on the Development and Life History of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Masters Thesis, University of Windsor, ON, Canada. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, pp 285.
  • Holmes LA, Vanlaerhoven SL, Tomberlin JK 2012. Relative Humidity Effects on the Life History of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environ Entomol, 41(4):971-978.
  • Holmes LA, Vanlaerhoven SL, Tomberlin JK 2013. Substrate Effects on Pupation and Adult Emergence of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environ Entomol, 42(2):370-374.
  • Hossain SM, Blair R 2007. Chitin Utilisation by Broilers and its Effect on Body Composition and Blood Metabolites. Brit Poultry Sci, 48:33-38.
  • Hwangbo J, Hong EC, Jang A, Kang HK, Oh JS, Kim BW, Park BS 2009. Utilization of House Fly-Maggots, a Feed Supplement in the Production of Broiler Chickens. J Env Biol, 30:609-614.
  • Jeon H, Park S, Choi J, Jeong G, Lee SB, Choi Y, Lee SJ 2011. The Intestinal Bacterial Community in the Food Waste-Reducing Larvae of Hermetia illucens. Current Microbiol, 62:1390-1399.
  • Józefiak D, Józefiak A, Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Świątkiewicz S, Długosz J, Engberg RM 2016. Insects – a Natural Nutrient Source for Poultry – a Review. Ann Anim Sci, 16(2):297-313.
  • Khempaka S, Chitsatchapong C, Molee W 2011. Effect of Chitin and Protein Constituents in Shrimp Head Meal on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Microbial Populations, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Production in Broilers. J Appl Poul Res, 20:1-11.
  • Kim JG, Choi YC, Choi JY, Kim WT, Jeong GS, Park KH, Hwang SJ 2008. Ecology of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera; Stratmyidae) in Korea. Korea J Appl Entomol, 47:337-343.
  • Kim W, Bae S, Park K, Lee S, Choi Y, Han S, Koh Y 2011. Biochemical Characterization of Digestive Enzymes in the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J Asia-Pac Entomol, 14(1):11-14.
  • Kim SA, Rhee MS 2016. Highly Enhanced Bactericidal Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (caprylic, capric, and lauric acid) combined with Edible Plant Essential Oils (carvacrol, eugenol, b-resorcylic acid, trans-cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and vanillin) Against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Control, 60:447-454.
  • Kobayashi S, Terashima Y, Itoh H 2002. Effects of Dietary Chitosan on Fat Deposition and Lipase Activity in Digesta in Broiler Chickens. Brit Poultry Sci, 43(2):270-273.
  • Kramer KJ, Hopkins TL, Schaefer J 1995. Applications of Solids NMR to the Analysis of Insect Sclerotized Structures. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 25:1067-1080.
  • Kroeckel S, Harjes A-GE, Roth I, Katz H, Wuertz S, Susenbeth A, Schulz C 2012. When a Turbot Catches a Fly: Evaluation of a Pre-pupae Meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Fish Meal substitute – Growth Performance and Chitin Degradation in Juvenile Turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 364–365:345-352.
  • Lalander C, Diener S, Magri ME, Zurbrugg C, Lindstrom A, Vinneras B 2013. Faecal Sludge Management with the Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) - from a Hygiene Aspect. Sci Total Environ, 458-460:312-318.
  • Lee CG, Da Silva CA, Lee JY, Hartl D, Elias JA 2008. Chitin Regulation of Immune Responses: an Old Molecule with New Roles. Curr Opin Immunol, 20:1-6.
  • Li Q, Zheng L, Qiu N, Cai H, Tomberlin JK, YU Z 2011. Bioconversion of Dairy Manure by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for Biodiesel and Sugar Production. Waste Manag, 31:1316-1320.
  • Liu Q, Tomberlin JK, Brady JA, Sanford MR, Yu Z 2008. Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Reduce Escherichia coli in Dairy Manure. Environ Entomol, 37:1525-1530.
  • Longvah T, Mangthya K, Ramulu P 2011. Nutrient Composition and Protein Quality Evaluation of Eri Silkworm (Samia ricinii) Prepupae and Pupae. Food Chem, 128:400-403.
  • Mahdavi R, Torki M 2009. Study on Usage Period of Dietary Protected Butyric Acid on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Serum Metabolite Levels and Humoral Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. AJAVA, 8(9):1702-1709.
  • Makkar HPS, Tran G, Heuzé V, Ankers P 2014. State-of-the-art on Use of Insects as Animal Feed. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 197:1-33.
  • Maurer V, Holinger M, Amsler Z, Früh B, Wohlfahrt J, Stamer A, Leiber F 2016. Replacement of Soybean Cake by Hermetia illucens Meal in Diets for Layers. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2(2):83-90.
  • Miranda-Castro SP, Paulín EGL 2012. Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application. In. The Complex World of Polysaccharides. Chapter 1, pp.1-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51200
  • Myers HM, Tomberlin JK, Lambert BD, Kattes D 2008. Development of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Fed Dairy Manure. Environ Entomol, 37(1):11‐15.
  • Nelson JL, Aleksander JW, Gianotti SL, Chalk CL, Pyles T 1994. Influence of Dietary Fiber on Microbial Growth in Vitro and Bacterial Translocation after Burn Injury in Mice. Nutrition, 10:32-36.
  • Newton GL, Booram CV, Barker RW, Hale OM 1977. Dried Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal as a Supplement for Swine. J Anim Sci, 44:395-400.
  • Newton GL, Sheppard C, Watson DW, Burtle G, Dove R 2005. Using the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens, as a Value-added Tool for the Management of Swine Manure. In: Report for Mike Williams, Director of the Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 17pp. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/Waste_mgt/ smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2017.
  • Newton GL, Sheppard DC, Burtle G 2008. Black Soldier Fly Prepupae: a Compelling Alternative to Fish Meal and Fish Oil. Public Comment on AlternativeFeeds for Aquaculture, NOAA 15/11//2007–29/2/2008.
  • Nguyen TTX, Tomberlin JK, Vanlaerhoven S 2013. Influence of Resources on Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development. J Med Entomol, 50(4):898-906.
  • Nguyen TTX, Tomberlin JK, Vanlaerhoven S 2015. Ability of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae to Recycle Food Waste. Environ Entomol, 44:406-410.
  • Olivier PA 2010. The bio-conversion of putrescent Wastes. ESR LLC, Washington, Louisiana. www.biotech.kth.se. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2017.
  • Park CH, Hahm ER, Park S, Kim HK, Yang CH 2005. The Inhibitory Mechanism of Curcumin and its Derivative against β-catenin/Tcf Signaling. FEBS Letters, 579:2965-2971.
  • Park HH 2016. Black Soldier Fly Larvae Manual. http://scholarworks.umass.edu. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2017.
  • Park S-I, Chang BS, Yoe SM 2014. Detection of antimicrobial Substances from Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Entomological Research, 44(2):58-64.
  • Pretorius Q 2011. The Evaluation of Larvae of Musca domestica (common house Fly) as Protein Source for Broiler Production. MSc Thesis, Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Pujol–Luz JR, Francez PAC, Ururahy–Rodrigues A, Constantino R 2008. The Black Soldier-Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), Used to Estimate the Postmortem Interval in a Case in Amapa State, Brazil. J Forensic Sci, 53:476-478.
  • Ramos-Elorduy J, González EA, Hernández AR, Pino JM 2002. Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Recycle Organic Wastes and as Feed for Broiler Chickens. J Econ Ent, 95:214-220.
  • Ratcliffe N, Azambuja P, Mello CB 2014. Recent Advances in Developing Insect Natural Products as Potential Modern Day Medicines. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med, 2014:904958, pp.21.
  • Razdan A, Pettersson D 1994. Effect of Chitin and Chitosan on Nutrient Digestibility and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Broiler Chickens. Br J Nutr, 72:277-288.
  • Razdan A, Petterson D, Petterson J 1997. Broiler Chicken Body Weights, Feed Intakes, Plasma Lipid and Small-intestinal Bile Acid Concentrations in Response to Feeding of Chitosan and Pectin. Br J Nutr, 78:283-291.
  • Sawayanagi Y, Nambu N, Nagay T 1982. Directly Compressed Tablets Containing Chitin or Chitosan in Addition to Lactose or Potato Starch. Chem Pharm Bull, 30(8):2935-2940.
  • Schiavone A, Cullere M, De Marco M, Meneguz M, Biasato I, Bergagna S, Dezzutto D, Gai F, Dabbou S, Gasco L, Dalle Zotte A 2017. Partial or Total Replacement of Soybean Oil by Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat in Broiler Diets: Effect on Growth Performances, Feed-choice, Blood Traits, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Ital J Anim Sci, 16(1):93-100.
  • Sealey WM, Gaylord TG, Barrows FT, Tomberlin JK, McGuire MA, Ross C, St-Hilaire S 2011. Sensory Analysis of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Fed Enriched Black Soldier Fly Prepupae, Hermetia illucens. JWAS, 42:34-45.
  • Sheppard DC 1983. House Fly and Lesser Fly Control Utilizing the Black Soldier Fly in Manure Management Systems for Caged Laying Hens. Environ Entomol, 12:1439-1442.
  • Sheppard C, Newton GL, Thompson SA, Savage S 1995. A Value Added Manure Management System Using the Black Soldier Fly. Bioresource Technol, 50:275-279.
  • Sheppard DC, Newton GL, Thompson SA 1994. A Value Added Manure Management System Using the Black Soldier Fly. Bioresource Technol, 50:275-279.
  • Sheppard DC, Tomberlin JK, Joyce JA, Kiser BC, Sumner SM 2002. Rearing Methods for the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J Med Entomol, 39(4):695-698.
  • Sheppard DC, Newton GL, Davis J, Gascho G, Thompson S, Savage S, Bramwell K 1998. Using Soldier Flies as a Manure Management Tool for Volume Reduction, House Fly Control and Feedstuff Production (AS 93-9 and LS 93-5). Southern Regional SARE Program
  • Spranghers T, Ottoboni M, Klootwijk C, Ovyn A, Deboosere S, De Meulenaer B, Michiels J, Eeckhout M, De Clercq P, De Smet S 2016. Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Reared on Different Organic Waste Substrates. Sci Food Agric, www.soci.org. Erişim tarihi: 10.03.2017.
  • St-Hilaire S, McGuire MA, Tomberlin JK, Cranfill K, Mosley EE, Newton L, Sealey W, Irving S, Sheppard C 2007. Fish Offal Recycling by the Black Soldier Fly Produces a Foodstuff High in Omega-3 fatty Acids. Journal of World Aquaculture, 38(2):309-313.
  • Surendra KC, Olivier R, Tomberlin JK, Jha R, Khanal SK 2016. Bioconversion of Organic Wastes into Biodiesel and Animal Feed via Insect Farming. Renew Energy, 98:197-202.
  • Suzuki M, Fujimoto W, Goto M, Morimatsu M, Syuto B, Toshihiko I 2002. Cellular Expression of Gut Chitinase mRNA in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice and Chickens. J Histochem Cytochem, 50:1081–1089.
  • Świątkiewicz S, Świątkiewicz M, Arczewska-Włosek A, Józefiak D 2015. Chitosan and its Oligosaccharide Derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) as Feed Supplements in Poultry and Swine Nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 99:1–12.
  • Tanaka Y, Tanioka S, Tanaka M, Tanigawa T, Kitamura Y, Minami S, Okamoto Y, Miyashitas M, Nanno M 1997. Effects of Chitin and on BALB/c Mice by Parenteral Administration Chitosan Particles Oral and Parenteral Administration. Biomaterials, 18(8):591-595.
  • Taskin M, Tasar GE, Incekara U 2012. Citric acid production from Aspergillus niger MT-4 using hydrolysate extract of the insect Locusta migratoria. Toxicology and Industrial Health 29(5): 426-434.
  • Téguia A, Mpoam M, Okourou Mba JA 2002. The Production Performance of Broiler Birds as Affected by the Replacement of Fish Meal by Maggot Meal in the Starter and Finisher Diets. Tropicult, 20:187-192.
  • Tomberlin JK, Adler PH, Myers HM 2009. Development of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Relation to Temperature. Environ Entomol, 38(3):930-934.
  • Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC 2001. Lekking Behavior of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Florida Entomologist, 84(4):729-730.
  • Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC 2002. Factors Influencing Mating and Oviposition of Black Soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a Colony. J Entomol Sci, 37:345-352.
  • Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC, Joyce JA 2002. Selected Life-history Traits of Black Soldier Flies (Diptera:Stratiomyidae) Reared on three Artificial Diets. Ann Entomol Soc Am, 95:379-386.
  • Tomberlin JK, van Huis A, Benbow ME, Jordan H, Astuti DA, Azzollini D, Banks I, Bava V ve ark.,. 2015. Protecting the Environment Through Insect Farming as a Means to Produce Protein for Use as Livestock, Poultry, and Aquaculture Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(4):307-309.
  • Tschirner M, Simon A 2015. Influence of Different Growing Substrates and Processing on the Nutrient Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Destined for Animal Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(4):249-259.
  • Üstüner T, Hasbenli A, Rozkošný R 2003. The First Record of Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Near East. Studia Dipterologica, 10(1):181 -185.
  • Van Broekhoven S, Oonincx DGAB, Van Huis A, Van Loon JJA 2015. Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Efficiency of three Edible 4 Mealworm Species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Diets Composed of 5 organic by-Products. J Insect Physiol, 73:1-10.
  • Van Huis A, Dicke M, van Loon JJA 2015. Insects to Feed the World. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1):3-5.
  • Van Huis A, Van Itterbeeck J, Klunder H, Mertens E, Halloran A, Muir G, Vantomme P 2013. Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed security, FAO Forestry Paper 171, 187 pp.
  • Veldkamp T, Bosch G 2015. Insects: a Protein-rich Feed Ingredient in Pig and Poultry Diets. Animal Frontiers, 5(2):45-50.
  • Veldkamp T, van Duinkerken G, van Huis A, Lakemond CMM, Ottevanger E, Bosch G, van Boekel MAJS 2012. Insects as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient in Pig and Poultry Diets - a Feasibility Study. Report 638. Wageningen UR Livestock Research P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad. pp.49.
  • Wasko A, Bulak P, Polak-Berecka M, Nowak K, Polakowski C, Bieganowski A 2016. The First Report of the Physicochemical Structure of Chitin Isolated from Hermetia illucens. Int J Biol Macromol, 92:316-320.
  • Winfield MD, Groisman EA 2003. Role of Nonhost Environments in the Lifestyles of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 69:3687-3694.
  • Yu G, Cheng P, Chen Y, Li Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Tomberlin JK 2011. Inoculating Poultry Manure with Companion Bacteria Influences Growth and Development of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae. Environ Entomol, 40(1):30-35.
  • Žáková M, Borkovcová M 2013. Hermetia illucens Application in Management of Selected Types of Organic Waste. Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, September, 2.-6.2013
  • Zhang J, Huang L, He J, Tomberlin JK, Li J, Lei C, Sun M, Liu Z, Yu Z 2010. An Artificial Light Source Influences Mating and Oviposition of Black Soldier flies, Hermetia illucens. J Insect Sci, 10:1-7.
  • Zheng L, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu Z 2012. Double the Biodiesel Yield: Rearing Black Soldier Fly Larvae, Hermetia illucens, on Solid Residual Fraction of Restaurant Waste After Grease Extraction for Biodiesel Production. Renew Energy, 41:75‐79

Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758): Biology, Farming and Using for Animal Nutrition

Yıl 2018, , 246 - 263, 30.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.323450

Öz

Meeting the food needs of the growing world
population is one of the most important global problems of our time. It is
widely emphasized that the need will be much more serious in the coming decades
and that radical measures should be taken at this point. The ongoing search for
alternatives at this point has shown that insects can be one of the ideal
sources for feeding of human and especially livestock. Many insect species have
been focused in the related investigations, and the results showed that
particularly black soldier fly is the most ideal species in many aspects. The
species, which has advantages such as ease of production, feeding on organic
wastes, potential for utilization of organic wastes as an organic fertilizer,
being nature friendly and largely nutritional content of larvae, has begun to
be widely produced in many parts of the world in recent decade. Related data
and reports reveal the significance of this fly species in the worldwide food
shortage issue with a very assertive certainty. In this review, the issues of
biology, morphology, farming in Turkey conditions, nutritional content and use
for animal nutrition of the fly have been elaborated in detail, and almost all
the current data that both possible producers and related researchers can
benefit from are presented in an integrated manner
.

Kaynakça

  • Agunbiade JA, Adeyemi OA, Ashiru OM, Awojobi HA, Taiwo AA, Oke DB,
  • Adekunmisi AA 2007. Replacement of Fish Meal with Maggot Meal in Cassava Based Layers’ Diets. J Poult Sci, 44:278-282.
  • Allotey J, Mpuchane S 2003. Utilization of Useful Insects as a Food Source. AJFAD, 3:1-8.
  • Alvarez L 2012. The Role of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Sustainable Waste Management in Northern Climates. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. p.402.
  • Amatya P 2009. Economics of Black Soldier Fly in Dairy Waste Management. Master of Science (Agricultural Economics), Tarleton State University, 70 pp.
  • Andrew N, Khusro M, Andrew N, Nicholas A 2010. Insects as Poultry Food: a Scoping Study. Australian Poultry CRC Pty Ltd, NSW Australia.
  • Aranaz I, Mengibar M, Harris R, Panos I, Miralles B, Acosta N, Galed G, Heras A 2009. Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan. Curr Chem Biol, 3:203-230.
  • Arango Gutierrez GP, Vergara Ruiz RA, Mejia Velez H 2004. Compositional, Microbiological and Protein Digestibility Analysis of Larval Meal of Hermetia illucens (Diptera:Stratiomyidae) at Angelopolis-Antioquia, Colombia. Facult Nacl Agron Med, 57:2491–2499.
  • Awoniyi TAM, Aletor VA, Aina JM 2003. Performance of Broiler-Chickens Fed on Maggot Meal in Place of Fish Meal. Int J Poult Sci, 2:271-274.
  • Balicka-Ramisz A, Wojtasz-Pajak A, Pilarczyk B, Ramisz A 2007. The Effect of Chitosan on Body Weight and Protection Against Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Broiler Chickens. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 50(3):288-293.
  • Banks IJ, Gibson WT, Cameron MM 2013. Growth Rates of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Fed on Fresh Human Faeces and Their Implication for Improving Sanitation. Trop Med Int Health,19(1):14-22.
  • Barry T 2004. Evaluation of the Economic, Social, and Biological Feasibility of Bioconverting Food Wastes with the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). PhD Dissertation, University of Texas, 176 pp.
  • Bovera F, Loponte R, Marono S, Piccolo G, Parisi G, Iaconisi V, Gaco L, Nizza A 2015. Use of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal as Protein Source in Broiler Diet: Effect on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass and Meat Traits. J Anim Sci, 94:639–647.
  • Burkatovskaya M, Castano AP, Demidova-Rice TN, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR 2008. Effect of Chitosan Acetate Bandage on Wound Healing in Infected and Noninfected Wounds in Mice. Wound Repair Regen, 16(3):425-431.
  • Canli O, Tasar GE, Taskin M 2012. Inulinase production by Geotrichum candidum OC-7 using migratory locusts as a new substrate and optimization process with Taguchi DOE. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 29(8): 704-710.
  • Caruso D, Devic E, Subamia IW, Talamond P, Baras E 2014. Technical Handbook of Domestication and Production of Diptera Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens, Stratiomyidae. PT Penerbit IPB Press, Kampus IPB Taman Kencana Bogor, IRD-DIVA-ISEM publication, No 2014-038. pp.141.
  • Charlton AJ, Dickinson M, Wakefield ME, Fitches E, Kenis M, Han R, Zhu F, Kone N, Grant M, Devic E, Bruggeman G, Prior R, Smith R 2015. Exploring the Chemical Safety of Fly Larvae as a Source of Protein for Animal Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1):7-16.
  • Chen HC, Chang CC, Mau WJ, Yen LS 2002. Evaluation of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides as the Main Carbon Sources for the Growth of Intestinal Bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 209:53-56.
  • Choi Y, Choi J, Kim J, Kim M, Kim W, Park K, Bae S, Jeong G 2009. Potential Usage of Food Waste as a Natural Fertilizer After Digestion by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Int J Indust Entomol, 19(1):171-174.
  • Cullere M, Tasoniero G, Giaccone V, Miotti-Scapin R, Claeys E, De Smet S, Dalle Zotte A 2016. Black Soldier Fly as Dietary Protein Source for Broiler Quails: Apparent Digestibility, Excreta Microbial Load, Feed Choice, Performance, Carcass and Meat Traits. Animal, 10(12):1-8.
  • De Marco M, Martínez S, Hernandez F, Madrid J, Gai F, Rotolo L, Belforti M , Bergero D, Katz H, Dabbou S, Kovitvadhi A, Zoccarato I, Gasco L, Schiavone A 2015. Nutritional Value of Two Insect Larval Meals (Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens) for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility and Apparent Metabolizable Energy. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 209:211-218.
  • Diclaro JW, Kaufman PE 2009. Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens Linnaeus (Insecta: Diptera: Stratiomyidae). EENY 461. UF/IFAS Extension, University of Florida.
  • Diener S, Solano NMS, Gutierrez FR, Zurbruegg C, Tockner K 2011. Biological Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Waste Biomass Valorization, 2:357-363.
  • Diener S, Zurbrügg C, Tockner K 2009. Conversion of Organic Material by Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Establishing Optimal Feeding Rates. WMR, 27:603-610.
  • Elwert C, Knips I, Katz P 2010. A Novel Protein Source: Maggot Meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Broiler Feed. In: M. Gierus, H. Kluth, M. Bulang und H. Kluge (Hrsg): 11. Tagung Schweine- und Geflügelernährung, 23-25. November 2010 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, ISBN: 978-3-86829-250-3
  • Erickson MC, Islam M, Sheppard C, Liao J, Doyle MP 2004. Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Chicken Manure by Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly. J Food Protection, 67:685-690.
  • Fatchurochim S, Geden CJ, Axtell RC 1989. Filth Fly (Diptera) Oviposition and Larval Development in Poultry Manure of Various Moisture Levels. J Entomol Sci, 24(2):224‐231.
  • Finke MD 2013. Complete Nutrient Content of Four Species of Feeder Insects. Zoo Bio, 32:27-36.
  • Gabler F 2014. Using Black Soldier Fly for Waste Recycling and Effective Salmonella spp. Reduction. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Project Thesis.
  • Gobbi P, Martinez-Sanchez A, Rojo S 2013. The effects of Larval Diet on Adult Life-History Traits of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera Stratiomyidae). Eur J Entomol, 110(3):461-468.
  • Harikrishnan R, Kim JS, Balasundaram C, Heo MS 2012. Dietary Supplementation with Chitin and Chitosan on Haematology and Innate Immune Response in Epinephelus bruneus against Philasterides dicentrarchi. Exp Paras, 131:116-124.
  • Hirano S, Itakur CH, Seino H, Akiyama Y, Nonaka I, Kanbara N, Kawakami T 1990. Chitosan as an Ingredient for Domestic Animal Feeds. J Agric Food Chem, 38:1214-1217.
  • Holmes L 2010. Role of Abiotic Factors on the Development and Life History of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Masters Thesis, University of Windsor, ON, Canada. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, pp 285.
  • Holmes LA, Vanlaerhoven SL, Tomberlin JK 2012. Relative Humidity Effects on the Life History of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environ Entomol, 41(4):971-978.
  • Holmes LA, Vanlaerhoven SL, Tomberlin JK 2013. Substrate Effects on Pupation and Adult Emergence of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environ Entomol, 42(2):370-374.
  • Hossain SM, Blair R 2007. Chitin Utilisation by Broilers and its Effect on Body Composition and Blood Metabolites. Brit Poultry Sci, 48:33-38.
  • Hwangbo J, Hong EC, Jang A, Kang HK, Oh JS, Kim BW, Park BS 2009. Utilization of House Fly-Maggots, a Feed Supplement in the Production of Broiler Chickens. J Env Biol, 30:609-614.
  • Jeon H, Park S, Choi J, Jeong G, Lee SB, Choi Y, Lee SJ 2011. The Intestinal Bacterial Community in the Food Waste-Reducing Larvae of Hermetia illucens. Current Microbiol, 62:1390-1399.
  • Józefiak D, Józefiak A, Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Świątkiewicz S, Długosz J, Engberg RM 2016. Insects – a Natural Nutrient Source for Poultry – a Review. Ann Anim Sci, 16(2):297-313.
  • Khempaka S, Chitsatchapong C, Molee W 2011. Effect of Chitin and Protein Constituents in Shrimp Head Meal on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Microbial Populations, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Production in Broilers. J Appl Poul Res, 20:1-11.
  • Kim JG, Choi YC, Choi JY, Kim WT, Jeong GS, Park KH, Hwang SJ 2008. Ecology of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera; Stratmyidae) in Korea. Korea J Appl Entomol, 47:337-343.
  • Kim W, Bae S, Park K, Lee S, Choi Y, Han S, Koh Y 2011. Biochemical Characterization of Digestive Enzymes in the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J Asia-Pac Entomol, 14(1):11-14.
  • Kim SA, Rhee MS 2016. Highly Enhanced Bactericidal Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (caprylic, capric, and lauric acid) combined with Edible Plant Essential Oils (carvacrol, eugenol, b-resorcylic acid, trans-cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and vanillin) Against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Control, 60:447-454.
  • Kobayashi S, Terashima Y, Itoh H 2002. Effects of Dietary Chitosan on Fat Deposition and Lipase Activity in Digesta in Broiler Chickens. Brit Poultry Sci, 43(2):270-273.
  • Kramer KJ, Hopkins TL, Schaefer J 1995. Applications of Solids NMR to the Analysis of Insect Sclerotized Structures. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 25:1067-1080.
  • Kroeckel S, Harjes A-GE, Roth I, Katz H, Wuertz S, Susenbeth A, Schulz C 2012. When a Turbot Catches a Fly: Evaluation of a Pre-pupae Meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Fish Meal substitute – Growth Performance and Chitin Degradation in Juvenile Turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 364–365:345-352.
  • Lalander C, Diener S, Magri ME, Zurbrugg C, Lindstrom A, Vinneras B 2013. Faecal Sludge Management with the Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) - from a Hygiene Aspect. Sci Total Environ, 458-460:312-318.
  • Lee CG, Da Silva CA, Lee JY, Hartl D, Elias JA 2008. Chitin Regulation of Immune Responses: an Old Molecule with New Roles. Curr Opin Immunol, 20:1-6.
  • Li Q, Zheng L, Qiu N, Cai H, Tomberlin JK, YU Z 2011. Bioconversion of Dairy Manure by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for Biodiesel and Sugar Production. Waste Manag, 31:1316-1320.
  • Liu Q, Tomberlin JK, Brady JA, Sanford MR, Yu Z 2008. Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Reduce Escherichia coli in Dairy Manure. Environ Entomol, 37:1525-1530.
  • Longvah T, Mangthya K, Ramulu P 2011. Nutrient Composition and Protein Quality Evaluation of Eri Silkworm (Samia ricinii) Prepupae and Pupae. Food Chem, 128:400-403.
  • Mahdavi R, Torki M 2009. Study on Usage Period of Dietary Protected Butyric Acid on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Serum Metabolite Levels and Humoral Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. AJAVA, 8(9):1702-1709.
  • Makkar HPS, Tran G, Heuzé V, Ankers P 2014. State-of-the-art on Use of Insects as Animal Feed. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 197:1-33.
  • Maurer V, Holinger M, Amsler Z, Früh B, Wohlfahrt J, Stamer A, Leiber F 2016. Replacement of Soybean Cake by Hermetia illucens Meal in Diets for Layers. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2(2):83-90.
  • Miranda-Castro SP, Paulín EGL 2012. Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application. In. The Complex World of Polysaccharides. Chapter 1, pp.1-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51200
  • Myers HM, Tomberlin JK, Lambert BD, Kattes D 2008. Development of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Fed Dairy Manure. Environ Entomol, 37(1):11‐15.
  • Nelson JL, Aleksander JW, Gianotti SL, Chalk CL, Pyles T 1994. Influence of Dietary Fiber on Microbial Growth in Vitro and Bacterial Translocation after Burn Injury in Mice. Nutrition, 10:32-36.
  • Newton GL, Booram CV, Barker RW, Hale OM 1977. Dried Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal as a Supplement for Swine. J Anim Sci, 44:395-400.
  • Newton GL, Sheppard C, Watson DW, Burtle G, Dove R 2005. Using the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens, as a Value-added Tool for the Management of Swine Manure. In: Report for Mike Williams, Director of the Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 17pp. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/Waste_mgt/ smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2017.
  • Newton GL, Sheppard DC, Burtle G 2008. Black Soldier Fly Prepupae: a Compelling Alternative to Fish Meal and Fish Oil. Public Comment on AlternativeFeeds for Aquaculture, NOAA 15/11//2007–29/2/2008.
  • Nguyen TTX, Tomberlin JK, Vanlaerhoven S 2013. Influence of Resources on Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development. J Med Entomol, 50(4):898-906.
  • Nguyen TTX, Tomberlin JK, Vanlaerhoven S 2015. Ability of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae to Recycle Food Waste. Environ Entomol, 44:406-410.
  • Olivier PA 2010. The bio-conversion of putrescent Wastes. ESR LLC, Washington, Louisiana. www.biotech.kth.se. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2017.
  • Park CH, Hahm ER, Park S, Kim HK, Yang CH 2005. The Inhibitory Mechanism of Curcumin and its Derivative against β-catenin/Tcf Signaling. FEBS Letters, 579:2965-2971.
  • Park HH 2016. Black Soldier Fly Larvae Manual. http://scholarworks.umass.edu. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2017.
  • Park S-I, Chang BS, Yoe SM 2014. Detection of antimicrobial Substances from Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Entomological Research, 44(2):58-64.
  • Pretorius Q 2011. The Evaluation of Larvae of Musca domestica (common house Fly) as Protein Source for Broiler Production. MSc Thesis, Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Pujol–Luz JR, Francez PAC, Ururahy–Rodrigues A, Constantino R 2008. The Black Soldier-Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), Used to Estimate the Postmortem Interval in a Case in Amapa State, Brazil. J Forensic Sci, 53:476-478.
  • Ramos-Elorduy J, González EA, Hernández AR, Pino JM 2002. Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Recycle Organic Wastes and as Feed for Broiler Chickens. J Econ Ent, 95:214-220.
  • Ratcliffe N, Azambuja P, Mello CB 2014. Recent Advances in Developing Insect Natural Products as Potential Modern Day Medicines. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med, 2014:904958, pp.21.
  • Razdan A, Pettersson D 1994. Effect of Chitin and Chitosan on Nutrient Digestibility and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Broiler Chickens. Br J Nutr, 72:277-288.
  • Razdan A, Petterson D, Petterson J 1997. Broiler Chicken Body Weights, Feed Intakes, Plasma Lipid and Small-intestinal Bile Acid Concentrations in Response to Feeding of Chitosan and Pectin. Br J Nutr, 78:283-291.
  • Sawayanagi Y, Nambu N, Nagay T 1982. Directly Compressed Tablets Containing Chitin or Chitosan in Addition to Lactose or Potato Starch. Chem Pharm Bull, 30(8):2935-2940.
  • Schiavone A, Cullere M, De Marco M, Meneguz M, Biasato I, Bergagna S, Dezzutto D, Gai F, Dabbou S, Gasco L, Dalle Zotte A 2017. Partial or Total Replacement of Soybean Oil by Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat in Broiler Diets: Effect on Growth Performances, Feed-choice, Blood Traits, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Ital J Anim Sci, 16(1):93-100.
  • Sealey WM, Gaylord TG, Barrows FT, Tomberlin JK, McGuire MA, Ross C, St-Hilaire S 2011. Sensory Analysis of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Fed Enriched Black Soldier Fly Prepupae, Hermetia illucens. JWAS, 42:34-45.
  • Sheppard DC 1983. House Fly and Lesser Fly Control Utilizing the Black Soldier Fly in Manure Management Systems for Caged Laying Hens. Environ Entomol, 12:1439-1442.
  • Sheppard C, Newton GL, Thompson SA, Savage S 1995. A Value Added Manure Management System Using the Black Soldier Fly. Bioresource Technol, 50:275-279.
  • Sheppard DC, Newton GL, Thompson SA 1994. A Value Added Manure Management System Using the Black Soldier Fly. Bioresource Technol, 50:275-279.
  • Sheppard DC, Tomberlin JK, Joyce JA, Kiser BC, Sumner SM 2002. Rearing Methods for the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J Med Entomol, 39(4):695-698.
  • Sheppard DC, Newton GL, Davis J, Gascho G, Thompson S, Savage S, Bramwell K 1998. Using Soldier Flies as a Manure Management Tool for Volume Reduction, House Fly Control and Feedstuff Production (AS 93-9 and LS 93-5). Southern Regional SARE Program
  • Spranghers T, Ottoboni M, Klootwijk C, Ovyn A, Deboosere S, De Meulenaer B, Michiels J, Eeckhout M, De Clercq P, De Smet S 2016. Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Reared on Different Organic Waste Substrates. Sci Food Agric, www.soci.org. Erişim tarihi: 10.03.2017.
  • St-Hilaire S, McGuire MA, Tomberlin JK, Cranfill K, Mosley EE, Newton L, Sealey W, Irving S, Sheppard C 2007. Fish Offal Recycling by the Black Soldier Fly Produces a Foodstuff High in Omega-3 fatty Acids. Journal of World Aquaculture, 38(2):309-313.
  • Surendra KC, Olivier R, Tomberlin JK, Jha R, Khanal SK 2016. Bioconversion of Organic Wastes into Biodiesel and Animal Feed via Insect Farming. Renew Energy, 98:197-202.
  • Suzuki M, Fujimoto W, Goto M, Morimatsu M, Syuto B, Toshihiko I 2002. Cellular Expression of Gut Chitinase mRNA in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice and Chickens. J Histochem Cytochem, 50:1081–1089.
  • Świątkiewicz S, Świątkiewicz M, Arczewska-Włosek A, Józefiak D 2015. Chitosan and its Oligosaccharide Derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) as Feed Supplements in Poultry and Swine Nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 99:1–12.
  • Tanaka Y, Tanioka S, Tanaka M, Tanigawa T, Kitamura Y, Minami S, Okamoto Y, Miyashitas M, Nanno M 1997. Effects of Chitin and on BALB/c Mice by Parenteral Administration Chitosan Particles Oral and Parenteral Administration. Biomaterials, 18(8):591-595.
  • Taskin M, Tasar GE, Incekara U 2012. Citric acid production from Aspergillus niger MT-4 using hydrolysate extract of the insect Locusta migratoria. Toxicology and Industrial Health 29(5): 426-434.
  • Téguia A, Mpoam M, Okourou Mba JA 2002. The Production Performance of Broiler Birds as Affected by the Replacement of Fish Meal by Maggot Meal in the Starter and Finisher Diets. Tropicult, 20:187-192.
  • Tomberlin JK, Adler PH, Myers HM 2009. Development of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Relation to Temperature. Environ Entomol, 38(3):930-934.
  • Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC 2001. Lekking Behavior of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Florida Entomologist, 84(4):729-730.
  • Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC 2002. Factors Influencing Mating and Oviposition of Black Soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a Colony. J Entomol Sci, 37:345-352.
  • Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC, Joyce JA 2002. Selected Life-history Traits of Black Soldier Flies (Diptera:Stratiomyidae) Reared on three Artificial Diets. Ann Entomol Soc Am, 95:379-386.
  • Tomberlin JK, van Huis A, Benbow ME, Jordan H, Astuti DA, Azzollini D, Banks I, Bava V ve ark.,. 2015. Protecting the Environment Through Insect Farming as a Means to Produce Protein for Use as Livestock, Poultry, and Aquaculture Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(4):307-309.
  • Tschirner M, Simon A 2015. Influence of Different Growing Substrates and Processing on the Nutrient Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Destined for Animal Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(4):249-259.
  • Üstüner T, Hasbenli A, Rozkošný R 2003. The First Record of Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Near East. Studia Dipterologica, 10(1):181 -185.
  • Van Broekhoven S, Oonincx DGAB, Van Huis A, Van Loon JJA 2015. Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Efficiency of three Edible 4 Mealworm Species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Diets Composed of 5 organic by-Products. J Insect Physiol, 73:1-10.
  • Van Huis A, Dicke M, van Loon JJA 2015. Insects to Feed the World. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1):3-5.
  • Van Huis A, Van Itterbeeck J, Klunder H, Mertens E, Halloran A, Muir G, Vantomme P 2013. Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed security, FAO Forestry Paper 171, 187 pp.
  • Veldkamp T, Bosch G 2015. Insects: a Protein-rich Feed Ingredient in Pig and Poultry Diets. Animal Frontiers, 5(2):45-50.
  • Veldkamp T, van Duinkerken G, van Huis A, Lakemond CMM, Ottevanger E, Bosch G, van Boekel MAJS 2012. Insects as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient in Pig and Poultry Diets - a Feasibility Study. Report 638. Wageningen UR Livestock Research P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad. pp.49.
  • Wasko A, Bulak P, Polak-Berecka M, Nowak K, Polakowski C, Bieganowski A 2016. The First Report of the Physicochemical Structure of Chitin Isolated from Hermetia illucens. Int J Biol Macromol, 92:316-320.
  • Winfield MD, Groisman EA 2003. Role of Nonhost Environments in the Lifestyles of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 69:3687-3694.
  • Yu G, Cheng P, Chen Y, Li Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Tomberlin JK 2011. Inoculating Poultry Manure with Companion Bacteria Influences Growth and Development of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae. Environ Entomol, 40(1):30-35.
  • Žáková M, Borkovcová M 2013. Hermetia illucens Application in Management of Selected Types of Organic Waste. Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, September, 2.-6.2013
  • Zhang J, Huang L, He J, Tomberlin JK, Li J, Lei C, Sun M, Liu Z, Yu Z 2010. An Artificial Light Source Influences Mating and Oviposition of Black Soldier flies, Hermetia illucens. J Insect Sci, 10:1-7.
  • Zheng L, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu Z 2012. Double the Biodiesel Yield: Rearing Black Soldier Fly Larvae, Hermetia illucens, on Solid Residual Fraction of Restaurant Waste After Grease Extraction for Biodiesel Production. Renew Energy, 41:75‐79
Toplam 106 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm DERLEME MAKALE (Review Article)
Yazarlar

Sırrı Kar

Hasan Ersin Şamlı

Levent Arın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Haziran 2017
Kabul Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Kar, S., Şamlı, H. E., & Arın, L. (2018). Kara Asker Sineği Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758): Biyoloji, Üretim ve Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(2), 246-263. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.323450

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


88x31.png 

Bu web sitesi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

                 


Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
e-ISSN: 2619-9149