Araştırma Makalesi
The common bird composition, abundance and distribution in the most developed and industrialized provinces of Turkey
Öz
Turkey is an industrializing and developing country. Overall, 71% of industrial activities of Turkey occur in twelve provinces. The main aim of this study was to determine the composition, abundance and distribution of common species in these provinces. The data sources used here are observation that recorded between 1946 and 2017 achieved from KuşBank database, personal observation notes and published literature. According to the findings, the most common ten bird species in those provinces; The house sparrow (Passer domesticus), the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), the hooded crow (Corvus cornix), the great tit (Parus major), the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), the common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), the blackbird (Turdus merula), the Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) and the Eurasian jackdaw (Corvus monedula). Regional differences have been detected in the composition, abundance, and distribution of common species. The composition of species in these provinces has changed within years. Especially the distribution area, and dominance of the Eurasian magpie has increased. In the near future, it is expected that there will be new changes in the composition, distribution, and dominance of common species due to the increase of industrialization and urbanization.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Industrialization observation regional difference the Eurasian magpie
Kaynakça
- 1. Aksan N, Yurdakul Y, Yaşar A, Per E, Özesmi U 2004. Turkish Breeding Bird Atlas Project: Palas Tuzla) Lake and Kayseri Region. In: Kiziroğlu, İ, Erdoğan, A, Turan, L, and Albayrak, T. Eds.), 1st International Eurasion Ornithology Congress (pp. 38–44), 8–11 April, Antalya, Turkey.2. Alberti M, Marzluff JM 2004. Ecological resilience in urban Ecosystems: Linking urban pattern to human and ecological functions. Urban Ecosystems, 7: 241–265. 3. Ali S, Rakha BA, Iftikhar H, Nadeem MS, Rafique M 2013. Ecology of Feral Pigeon Columba livia) in Urban Areas of Rawalpindi/Islamabad Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45: 1229–1234.4. Aronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, Dobbs C, Dolan R, Hedblom M, Klotz S, Kooijmans JL, Köhn I, Macgregor–Fors I, Mcdonnell M, Mörtberg U, Pyšek P, Siebert S, Sushinsky J, Werner P, Winter M 2014. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281: 20133330.5. Aslan A. 2005. Bio-Ecology of the Yellow-Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos) in Turkey Doctoral dissertation). Institute of Science and Technology, Akdeniz University, Turkey. p 240. 6. Aynalem S, Bekele A 2008. Species composition relative abundance and distribution of bird fauna of riverine and wetland habitats of Infranz and Yiganda at southern tip of Lake Tana Ethiopia. Tropical Ecology, 49: 199–209.7. Balkız Ö, Tavares J, Akarsu F, Ataol M, Onmuş O 2008. Türkiye'nin Yaygın Kuşları 2007 -2008 Raporu. Ankara Turkey: Doğa Derneği, 32 p (in Turkish).8. Baptista LF, Trail PW 1997. Horblit HM. Rock Dove Columba livia). (Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, De Juana E. Ed. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions) pp. 60 – 243.9. Birdlife International 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates trends and conservation status. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. 374 p.10. Birkhead T 1991. The magpies. London UK: T. and A.D. Poyser. 270 p.11. Blair RB 2001. Birds and butterflies along urban gradients in two ecoregions of the United States: is urbanization creating a homogeneous fauna? (Lockwood JL, Mckinney ML. Ed. Biotic homogenization. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) pp. 33 - 56. 12. Cansız M. 2010. Organized Industrial Zones, Policies and Practices in Turkey. State Planning Organization. Ankara Turkey: Korza. 154 p (in Turkish).13. De Laet J, Summers–Smith JD 2007. The status of the urban housesparrow Passer domesticus in north–western Europe: a review. Journal of Ornithology, 148: 275–278.14. De Juana E, Suárez F 1997. Crested Lark (Galerida cristata).(Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, De Juana E. Ed. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions).15. Gaston KJ 2011. Common ecology. BioScience, 61: 354–62.16. Gaston KJ 2010. Valuing common species. Science, 327: 154–5;17. Gregory D, Vorišek P, Van Strien A, Gmelig Meyling AW, Jiguet F, Fornasari L, Reif J, Chylarecki P, Burfield I 2007. Population trends of widespread woodland birds in Europe. Ibis, 149: 78–97.18. Heinzel H, Fitter R, Parslow J 1992. Birds of Britain and Europe with North Africa and the Middle East. London UK: Harpers Collins Publisher. 384 p.19. Holland SM 2006. Cluster Analysis. Athens: Department of Geology University of Georgia. 30602–2501.20. Inger R, Gregory R, Duffy JP, Stott I, Vorisek P, Gaston KJ 2015. Common European birds are declining rapidly while less abundant species numbers are rising. Ecology Letters, 18: 28–36.21. Jerzak L 2001. Synurbanization of the magpie in the Palearctic.(Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. Ed. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp 403–425.22. Karcı Korfalı D, Üstübici A, De Clerck H 2014. Turkey: Country and Research Areas Report MiReKoç Project Reports 2/2014. Koç University: Migration Research Center İstanbul Turkey.23. Kılıç DT, Eken G 2004. Turkey’s Important Bird Areas 2004. Update. Ankara, Turkey: Doğa Derneği–BirdLife International. 231 p (in Turkish)24. Maechler M, Rousseeuw P, Struyf A, Hubert M, Hornik K 2013. Cluster: Cluster Analysis Basics and Extensions. R package version 1.14.4.25. Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly RA 2001. Historical perspective on urban bird research. (Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. Ed. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp 1 – 17.26. Marzluff JM. 2001. Worldwide urbanization and its effects on birds.(Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. Ed. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp. 19–4727. Matsyura A, Jankowski K, Zimaroeva A 2015. Corvidae tolerance to human disturbance in settlement landscapes of Zhytomir Ukraine. Romanian Journal of Biology–Zoology, 60: 39–47.28. Mccaffrey RE 2005. Using citizen science in urban bird studies. Urban Habitats, 3: 70–86.29. Montalti D, Kopij G 2001. Urban bird community of inner La Plata Argentina. Acta Ornithologica, 36: 161–164.30. Özesmi U, Per E 2006. Birdwatching with a Purpose in Turkey: KuşBank–An Internet Based Bird Database and Citizen Science Project. Bird Census News, 19: 16–33.31. Per E, Aktaş M 2008. Breeding birds of the İnözü Valley in central Turkey. Bird Census News, 21: 44–53.32. Per E, Erciyas–Yavuz K, Yavuz N 2016. The Distribution, Migration Phenology and Spatial and Temporal Status of Hirundinidae Species in Turkey, Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 17: 7–15 in Turkish, English summary).33. Per E, Yaşar A, Özesmi SL, Özesmi U 2002. Turkish breeding bird atlas pilot Project 2001: Erciyes Mountain and Kayseri Region. Bird Census News, 15 : 2–2134. Roselaar CS. 1995. Taxonomy morphology and distribution of the Songbirds of Turkey: an atlas of biodiversity of Turkish passerine birds. London UK: Pica Press. 240 p.35. Sanayi Genel Müdürlüğü 2014. The Industrial Status Report of 81 Provinces in Turkey. Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology. 556 p.36. Scheidt SN, Hurlbert AH 2014. Range expansion and population dynamics of an invasive species: The Eurasian collared–dove (Streptopelia decaocto) PloS ONE, 9: 1–10.37. Smith PW 1987. The Eurasian Collared–Dove arrives in the Americas. American Birds, 41: 1371–1379.38. Svensson L, Mullarney K, Zetterstrom D 2009. Collins Bird Guide 2nd Edition. London UK: Harper Collins. 448 p.39. UN 2012. World urbanization prospects: the 2011. revision. Turkey country profile. Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division CP 2002 – 2012 New York: UN. 302 p.40. UN 2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision Highlights and Advance Tables. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. New York: UN. 94 p.41. Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science, 277: 494 – 499.42. World Bank 2015. Rise of the Anatolian Tigers: Turkey Urbanization Review Main Report. Policy brief. Washington: World Bank. 140 p.43. WRI 1996: World resources 1996–97. World Resources Institute. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 400 p.
Yıl 2018,
, 966 - 975, 30.11.2018
Öz
Türkiye sanayileşmekte ve gelişmekte olan bir ülkedir. Türkiye'nin sanayi faaliyetlerinin %71'i on iki ilde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, bu illerdeki yaygın türlerinin kompozisyonu, bolluğu ve dağılımını belirlemektir. Burada kullanılan veri kaynakları; KuşBank veri tabanında 1946 ve 2017 yılları arasında arşivlenmiş olan gözlem kayıtları, kişisel gözlem notları ve yayınlanmış literatürden elde edilen gözlem kayıtlarıdır. Bulgulara göre, bu illerdeki en yaygın on kuş türü: ev serçesi (Passer domesticus), saksağan (Pica pica), leş kargası (Corvus cornix), büyük baştankara (Parus major), gümüş martı (Larus michahellis), ispinoz (Fringilla coelebs), karatavuk (Turdus merula), sakarmeke (Fulica atra), kır kırlangıcı (Hirundo rustica) ve küçük karga (Corvus monedula)’dır. Yaygın türlerin kompozisyonu, bolluğu ve dağılımında bölgesel farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu illerdeki türlerin kompozisyonu yıllar içinde değişmiştir. Özellikle Saksağan'ın dağılım alanı ve baskınlığı artmıştır. Yakın gelecekte sanayileşmenin ve kentleşmenin artması nedeniyle yaygın türlerin kompozisyonu, dağılımı ve baskınlığında yeni değişimlerin yaşanması beklenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Aksan N, Yurdakul Y, Yaşar A, Per E, Özesmi U 2004. Turkish Breeding Bird Atlas Project: Palas Tuzla) Lake and Kayseri Region. In: Kiziroğlu, İ, Erdoğan, A, Turan, L, and Albayrak, T. Eds.), 1st International Eurasion Ornithology Congress (pp. 38–44), 8–11 April, Antalya, Turkey.2. Alberti M, Marzluff JM 2004. Ecological resilience in urban Ecosystems: Linking urban pattern to human and ecological functions. Urban Ecosystems, 7: 241–265. 3. Ali S, Rakha BA, Iftikhar H, Nadeem MS, Rafique M 2013. Ecology of Feral Pigeon Columba livia) in Urban Areas of Rawalpindi/Islamabad Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45: 1229–1234.4. Aronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, Dobbs C, Dolan R, Hedblom M, Klotz S, Kooijmans JL, Köhn I, Macgregor–Fors I, Mcdonnell M, Mörtberg U, Pyšek P, Siebert S, Sushinsky J, Werner P, Winter M 2014. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281: 20133330.5. Aslan A. 2005. Bio-Ecology of the Yellow-Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos) in Turkey Doctoral dissertation). Institute of Science and Technology, Akdeniz University, Turkey. p 240. 6. Aynalem S, Bekele A 2008. Species composition relative abundance and distribution of bird fauna of riverine and wetland habitats of Infranz and Yiganda at southern tip of Lake Tana Ethiopia. Tropical Ecology, 49: 199–209.7. Balkız Ö, Tavares J, Akarsu F, Ataol M, Onmuş O 2008. Türkiye'nin Yaygın Kuşları 2007 -2008 Raporu. Ankara Turkey: Doğa Derneği, 32 p (in Turkish).8. Baptista LF, Trail PW 1997. Horblit HM. Rock Dove Columba livia). (Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, De Juana E. Ed. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions) pp. 60 – 243.9. Birdlife International 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates trends and conservation status. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. 374 p.10. Birkhead T 1991. The magpies. London UK: T. and A.D. Poyser. 270 p.11. Blair RB 2001. Birds and butterflies along urban gradients in two ecoregions of the United States: is urbanization creating a homogeneous fauna? (Lockwood JL, Mckinney ML. Ed. Biotic homogenization. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) pp. 33 - 56. 12. Cansız M. 2010. Organized Industrial Zones, Policies and Practices in Turkey. State Planning Organization. Ankara Turkey: Korza. 154 p (in Turkish).13. De Laet J, Summers–Smith JD 2007. The status of the urban housesparrow Passer domesticus in north–western Europe: a review. Journal of Ornithology, 148: 275–278.14. De Juana E, Suárez F 1997. Crested Lark (Galerida cristata).(Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, De Juana E. Ed. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions).15. Gaston KJ 2011. Common ecology. BioScience, 61: 354–62.16. Gaston KJ 2010. Valuing common species. Science, 327: 154–5;17. Gregory D, Vorišek P, Van Strien A, Gmelig Meyling AW, Jiguet F, Fornasari L, Reif J, Chylarecki P, Burfield I 2007. Population trends of widespread woodland birds in Europe. Ibis, 149: 78–97.18. Heinzel H, Fitter R, Parslow J 1992. Birds of Britain and Europe with North Africa and the Middle East. London UK: Harpers Collins Publisher. 384 p.19. Holland SM 2006. Cluster Analysis. Athens: Department of Geology University of Georgia. 30602–2501.20. Inger R, Gregory R, Duffy JP, Stott I, Vorisek P, Gaston KJ 2015. Common European birds are declining rapidly while less abundant species numbers are rising. Ecology Letters, 18: 28–36.21. Jerzak L 2001. Synurbanization of the magpie in the Palearctic.(Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. Ed. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp 403–425.22. Karcı Korfalı D, Üstübici A, De Clerck H 2014. Turkey: Country and Research Areas Report MiReKoç Project Reports 2/2014. Koç University: Migration Research Center İstanbul Turkey.23. Kılıç DT, Eken G 2004. Turkey’s Important Bird Areas 2004. Update. Ankara, Turkey: Doğa Derneği–BirdLife International. 231 p (in Turkish)24. Maechler M, Rousseeuw P, Struyf A, Hubert M, Hornik K 2013. Cluster: Cluster Analysis Basics and Extensions. R package version 1.14.4.25. Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly RA 2001. Historical perspective on urban bird research. (Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. Ed. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp 1 – 17.26. Marzluff JM. 2001. Worldwide urbanization and its effects on birds.(Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. Ed. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp. 19–4727. Matsyura A, Jankowski K, Zimaroeva A 2015. Corvidae tolerance to human disturbance in settlement landscapes of Zhytomir Ukraine. Romanian Journal of Biology–Zoology, 60: 39–47.28. Mccaffrey RE 2005. Using citizen science in urban bird studies. Urban Habitats, 3: 70–86.29. Montalti D, Kopij G 2001. Urban bird community of inner La Plata Argentina. Acta Ornithologica, 36: 161–164.30. Özesmi U, Per E 2006. Birdwatching with a Purpose in Turkey: KuşBank–An Internet Based Bird Database and Citizen Science Project. Bird Census News, 19: 16–33.31. Per E, Aktaş M 2008. Breeding birds of the İnözü Valley in central Turkey. Bird Census News, 21: 44–53.32. Per E, Erciyas–Yavuz K, Yavuz N 2016. The Distribution, Migration Phenology and Spatial and Temporal Status of Hirundinidae Species in Turkey, Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 17: 7–15 in Turkish, English summary).33. Per E, Yaşar A, Özesmi SL, Özesmi U 2002. Turkish breeding bird atlas pilot Project 2001: Erciyes Mountain and Kayseri Region. Bird Census News, 15 : 2–2134. Roselaar CS. 1995. Taxonomy morphology and distribution of the Songbirds of Turkey: an atlas of biodiversity of Turkish passerine birds. London UK: Pica Press. 240 p.35. Sanayi Genel Müdürlüğü 2014. The Industrial Status Report of 81 Provinces in Turkey. Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology. 556 p.36. Scheidt SN, Hurlbert AH 2014. Range expansion and population dynamics of an invasive species: The Eurasian collared–dove (Streptopelia decaocto) PloS ONE, 9: 1–10.37. Smith PW 1987. The Eurasian Collared–Dove arrives in the Americas. American Birds, 41: 1371–1379.38. Svensson L, Mullarney K, Zetterstrom D 2009. Collins Bird Guide 2nd Edition. London UK: Harper Collins. 448 p.39. UN 2012. World urbanization prospects: the 2011. revision. Turkey country profile. Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division CP 2002 – 2012 New York: UN. 302 p.40. UN 2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision Highlights and Advance Tables. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. New York: UN. 94 p.41. Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science, 277: 494 – 499.42. World Bank 2015. Rise of the Anatolian Tigers: Turkey Urbanization Review Main Report. Policy brief. Washington: World Bank. 140 p.43. WRI 1996: World resources 1996–97. World Resources Institute. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 400 p.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Kasım 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Mayıs 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Temmuz 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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