Araştırma Makalesi
Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Content And Constituents of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare) Essential Oil
Öz
The objective of this study was to
determine morphogenetic, ontogenetic and diurnal variability in content and
constituents of bitter fennel essential oil. Essential oils of various plant
organs (leaf, root-bulb-stalk, flower and seed) of bitter fennel harvested at
pre-, full- and post-flowering stages at different times (9 am, 1 and 5pm) were
extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry. Essential oil content differed significantly based on plant organ
and growing stage, increasing in the order of leaf < flower <seed, with a nearly seven-fold
increase occurring in seed essential oil as compared to that of leaf. Essential oil content increased from 1.68% at pre-flowering
to 2.18% at full-flowering but decreased sharply to 0.81% at post-flowering. Trans-anethole
was found to be the most prominent compound in all esssential oils, with
decreasing order of seed > flower > root-bulb-stalk > leaf essential
oil. Alpha-pinene, α–phellandrene, limonene and fenchone were the other major components,
varying significantly with plant growth stages and organs. The present study
reveals that the content and constituents of essential oil of bitter fennel
from Turkey are predominantly dependent on ontogenetical phase and plant organ.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi - Ordu Üniversitesi
Proje Numarası
AR-1317
Teşekkür
Authors are highly thankful to Scientific Research Proj¬ects Unit (BAP) of Ordu University for providing sup¬port to this research, as a part of AR-1317 BAP project. This study was presented at The International Conference on Agriculture, Forest, Food Sciences and Technologies (ICAFOF), held in Urgup/Turkey during 15-17 May, 2017.
Kaynakça
- Acikgoz MA, Kara SM, Aruc C, Ay E 2017. Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Antimicrobial Activity of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare) Essential Oil. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3): 190-194.
- Adams RP 2017. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Texensis Publishing, 5th Ed. (Online), Gruver, TX USA.
- Akgul A, Bayrak A 1988. Comparative Volatile Oil Composition of Various Parts from Turkish Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare). Food Chemistry, 30(4): 319-323.
- Anwar F, Hussain AI, Sherazi STH, Bhanger MI 2009. Changes in Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Fruit at Different Stages of Maturity. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 15(2): 187–202.
- Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology. BioMed Research International, 2014: 01-32.
- Bahmani K, Izadi DA, Alfekaiki DF, Sticklen M 2016. Phytochemical Diversity of Fennel Landraces from Various Growth Types and Origins. Agronomy Research, 14(5): 1530-1547.
- Choi EM, Hwang JK 2004. Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of The Fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia, 75: 557-565.
- Coban C, Ozer H, Ors S, Sahin U, Yildiz G, Cakmakci T 2018. Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in A High-Altitude Environment. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 30(6): 457-463.
- Cosge B, Kiralan M, Gurbuz B 2008. Characteristics of Fatty Acids and Essential Oil from Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and Bitter Fennel Fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) Growing in Turkey. Natural Product Research, 22(12): 1011-1016.
- Dadalioglu I, Evrendilek GA 2004. Chemical Compositions And Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oils of Turkish Oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on Common Foodborne Pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52: 8255-8260.
- Diao WR, Hu QP, Zhand H, Xu JG 2014. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oil From Seeds of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Food Control, 35(1): 109-116.
- Ferioli F, Giambanelli E, D’Antuono LF 2017. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum) Florets, A Traditional Culinary Spice in Italy: Evaluation of Phenolics and Volatiles in Local Populations, and Comparison with the Composition of other Plant Parts. Journal of the Science and Food and Agriculture, 97: 536-5380.
- Figueredo G, Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC 2011. Effect of Harvest Years on Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum) Fruits. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 35: 1223-1230.
- García-Jiménez N, Péerez-Alonso MJ, Velasco-Negueruela A 2000. Chemical Composition of Fennel Oil, Foeniculum vulgare Miller, from Spain. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12(2): 159-162.
- Hassan OM, Elhassan IA 2017. Characterization of Essential Oils from Fruits of Umbelliferous Crop Cultivated in Sudan II. Coriandrum sativum L. (Coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Fennel). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(1): 113-116.
- He W, Huang B 2011. A Review of Chemistry and Bioactivities of A Medicinal Spice: Foeniculum vulgare. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16): 3595-3600.
- Kara SM, Acikgoz MA 2018. Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenol and Flavonoids of Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare Extracts. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (Special issue): 96-101.
- Khammassi M, Loupassaki S, Tazarki H, Mezni F, Slama A, Tlili N, Zaouali Y, Mighri H, Jamoussi B, Khaldi A 2018. Variation in Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Populations Growing Widely in Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(3), e12532.
- Khan M, Musharaf S 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. A Medicinal Herb. Medicinal Plant Research, 4(6): 46-54.
- Lee YL, Ding P 2016. Production of Essential Oil in Plants: Ontogeny, Secretory Structures and Seasonal Variations. Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2(1): 1-10.
- Marotti M, Piccaglia R, Giovanelli E, Deans SG, Eaglesham E 1994. Effects of Variety and Ontogenic Stage on the Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6(1): 57-62.
- Ozcan M, Akgul A 2001. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 10(1): 49-50.
- Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC 2006. Effect of Collection Time on Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum Growing Wild in Turkey. European Food Research and Technology, 224: 279–281.
- Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC, Arslan D, Ates A, Unver A 2006. Comparative Essential Oil Composition and Antifungal Effect of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) Fruit Oils Obtained During Different Vegetation. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(4): 552-561.
- Rather MA, Dar BA, Sofi SN, Bhat BA, Qurishi MA 2016. Foeniculum vulgare: A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: 1574-1583.
- Stefanini MB, Ming LC, Margues OCM, Facanali R, Meireles MAA, Moura LS, Marchese JA, Sousa LA 2006. Essential Oil Constituents of Different Organs of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare). The medicinal Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8: 193-198.
- Telci I, Demirtas I, Sahin A 2009. Variation in Plant Properties and Essential Oil Composition of Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Fruits During Stages of Maturity. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(1): 126-30.
- Wahba HE, Ibrahim ME, Mohamed MA 2018. Comparative Studies of The Constituents of Fennel Essential Oils Extracted from Leaves and Seeds with Those Extracted from Waste Plants after Harvest. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(7): 2174-2179.
Acı Rezene (Foeniculumvulgare Miller var. vulgare) Uçucu Yağ İçeriği ve Bileşenlerinde Morfogenetik, Ontogenetik ve Diurnal Varyabilite
Öz
Bu çalışma acı rezene uçucu yağ içeriği ve bileşenlerinde
morfogenetik, ontogenetik ve diurnal varyabilitenin belirlenmesi amacıyla
yürütülmüştür. Çiçeklenme öncesi, tam çiçeklenme ve çiçeklenme sonrasında ve
günün farklı saatlerinde (09:00, 13:00 ve 17:00) hasat edilen bitki
organlarının (yaprak, kök-yumru-sap, çiçek ve tohum) uçucu yağları
hidrodistilasyon yoluyla çıkarılarak, gaz kromatografisi ve kütle
spektrometresi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yaprak < çiçek < tohum
sıralamasıyla artış gösteren uçucu yağ içeriği, bitki organı ve büyüme dönemine
bağlı olarak önemli değişiklik göstermiş ve tohumda uçucu yağ içeriği yaprağa
göre yaklaşık 7 kat daha fazla olmuştur. Uçucu yağ içeriği çiçeklenme öncesinde
%1.68’den tam çiçeklenmede %2.18’e yükselmiş, fakat çiçeklenme sonrasında
%0.81’e düşmüştür. Tohum > çiçek > kök-yumru-sap > yaprak
sıralamasıyla azalan trans-anetol
bütün uçucu yağlarda en önemli komponent olarak belirlenmiştir. Büyüme dönemi
ve bitki organına göre değişim gösteren alfa-pinen, alfa-fellandrene, limonene
ve fenkon diğer önemli komponenetlerdir. Sunulan bu çalışma, Türkiye orijinli
acı rezenenin uçucu yağ içeriği ve bileşenlerinin esas olarak bitki organı ve
büyüme dönemine göre belirlendiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
AR-1317
Kaynakça
- Acikgoz MA, Kara SM, Aruc C, Ay E 2017. Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Antimicrobial Activity of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare) Essential Oil. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3): 190-194.
- Adams RP 2017. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Texensis Publishing, 5th Ed. (Online), Gruver, TX USA.
- Akgul A, Bayrak A 1988. Comparative Volatile Oil Composition of Various Parts from Turkish Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare). Food Chemistry, 30(4): 319-323.
- Anwar F, Hussain AI, Sherazi STH, Bhanger MI 2009. Changes in Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Fruit at Different Stages of Maturity. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 15(2): 187–202.
- Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology. BioMed Research International, 2014: 01-32.
- Bahmani K, Izadi DA, Alfekaiki DF, Sticklen M 2016. Phytochemical Diversity of Fennel Landraces from Various Growth Types and Origins. Agronomy Research, 14(5): 1530-1547.
- Choi EM, Hwang JK 2004. Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of The Fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia, 75: 557-565.
- Coban C, Ozer H, Ors S, Sahin U, Yildiz G, Cakmakci T 2018. Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in A High-Altitude Environment. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 30(6): 457-463.
- Cosge B, Kiralan M, Gurbuz B 2008. Characteristics of Fatty Acids and Essential Oil from Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and Bitter Fennel Fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) Growing in Turkey. Natural Product Research, 22(12): 1011-1016.
- Dadalioglu I, Evrendilek GA 2004. Chemical Compositions And Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oils of Turkish Oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on Common Foodborne Pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52: 8255-8260.
- Diao WR, Hu QP, Zhand H, Xu JG 2014. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oil From Seeds of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Food Control, 35(1): 109-116.
- Ferioli F, Giambanelli E, D’Antuono LF 2017. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum) Florets, A Traditional Culinary Spice in Italy: Evaluation of Phenolics and Volatiles in Local Populations, and Comparison with the Composition of other Plant Parts. Journal of the Science and Food and Agriculture, 97: 536-5380.
- Figueredo G, Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC 2011. Effect of Harvest Years on Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum) Fruits. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 35: 1223-1230.
- García-Jiménez N, Péerez-Alonso MJ, Velasco-Negueruela A 2000. Chemical Composition of Fennel Oil, Foeniculum vulgare Miller, from Spain. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12(2): 159-162.
- Hassan OM, Elhassan IA 2017. Characterization of Essential Oils from Fruits of Umbelliferous Crop Cultivated in Sudan II. Coriandrum sativum L. (Coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Fennel). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(1): 113-116.
- He W, Huang B 2011. A Review of Chemistry and Bioactivities of A Medicinal Spice: Foeniculum vulgare. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16): 3595-3600.
- Kara SM, Acikgoz MA 2018. Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenol and Flavonoids of Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare Extracts. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (Special issue): 96-101.
- Khammassi M, Loupassaki S, Tazarki H, Mezni F, Slama A, Tlili N, Zaouali Y, Mighri H, Jamoussi B, Khaldi A 2018. Variation in Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Populations Growing Widely in Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(3), e12532.
- Khan M, Musharaf S 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. A Medicinal Herb. Medicinal Plant Research, 4(6): 46-54.
- Lee YL, Ding P 2016. Production of Essential Oil in Plants: Ontogeny, Secretory Structures and Seasonal Variations. Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2(1): 1-10.
- Marotti M, Piccaglia R, Giovanelli E, Deans SG, Eaglesham E 1994. Effects of Variety and Ontogenic Stage on the Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6(1): 57-62.
- Ozcan M, Akgul A 2001. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 10(1): 49-50.
- Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC 2006. Effect of Collection Time on Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum Growing Wild in Turkey. European Food Research and Technology, 224: 279–281.
- Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC, Arslan D, Ates A, Unver A 2006. Comparative Essential Oil Composition and Antifungal Effect of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) Fruit Oils Obtained During Different Vegetation. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(4): 552-561.
- Rather MA, Dar BA, Sofi SN, Bhat BA, Qurishi MA 2016. Foeniculum vulgare: A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: 1574-1583.
- Stefanini MB, Ming LC, Margues OCM, Facanali R, Meireles MAA, Moura LS, Marchese JA, Sousa LA 2006. Essential Oil Constituents of Different Organs of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare). The medicinal Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8: 193-198.
- Telci I, Demirtas I, Sahin A 2009. Variation in Plant Properties and Essential Oil Composition of Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Fruits During Stages of Maturity. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(1): 126-30.
- Wahba HE, Ibrahim ME, Mohamed MA 2018. Comparative Studies of The Constituents of Fennel Essential Oils Extracted from Leaves and Seeds with Those Extracted from Waste Plants after Harvest. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(7): 2174-2179.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | AR-1317 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 25 Temmuz 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 7 Ekim 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Eskişehir Ekolojik Koşullarında Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Uçucu Yağının Morfogenetik Varyabilitesinin Belirlenmesi
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.773567
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)
Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)
Bu web sitesi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi