Öz
The purpose of this study was to determine the daily noise exposure levels in olive harvesting and to evaluate its effects on employees' health. The sound pressure levels (dBA) at the ear level of the employees were measured during olive harvest operations performed by hand-held, self-propelled and tractor-driven machines. It was determined that equivalent sound pressure levels and daily personal noise exposure levels at the operator ear level were in the range of 74-88 dBA and 66-82 dBA, respectively. These values for other employees ranged from 71 to 81 dBA and 65 to 75 dBA. It was determined that the hand-held and tractor driven machines driven by internal combustion engines had higher noise parameters compared to other machines, and the lower exposure action value was exceeded in these machines. The study showed that the health and work efficiency of the employees could be adversely affected, due to prolonged exposure during olive harvest activities.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Olive harvest machinery Sound pressure level Employee Ergonomics
Destekleyen Kurum
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Proje Numarası
FYL-2018-2717
Teşekkür
This paper was prepared by using the project data supported by The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project no: FYL-2018-2717) of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. The authors also wish to thank to Ahmet Çelik who helped us in the fieldwork and to Prof. Dr. Cem Ömer Egesel for his valuable discussions and critical reading of this manuscript.
Kaynakça
- Aybek A, Kamer HA, Arslan S 2010. Personal noise exposures of operators of agricultural tractors. J Appl Ergonomics, 41(2):274-281.
- Basner M, Babisch W, Davis A, Brink M, Clark C 2014. Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. Lancet, 1325-1332.
- Bernardi B, Falcone G, Stillitano T, Benalia S, Stranoa A, Bacenetti J, De Lucca AI 2018. Harvesting system sustainability in Mediterranean olive cultivation. Science of The Total Environment, 625;1446-1458.
- Bilski B 2013. Exposure to audible and infrasonic noise by modern agricultural tractors operators. J Appl Ergonomics, 44:210-214.
- Çakmak B, Alayunt FN 2009. Vibration and noise characteristics of two different types of trimmers. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, 5(2):167-173.
- Çakmak B, Saraçoğlu T, Alayunt F, Özarslan C 2011. Vibration and noise characteristics of flap type olive harvesters. J Appl Ergonomics, 42:397-402.
- Calvo A, Deboli R, Preti C 2016. Operators’ exposure to noise and vibration in the grass cut tasks: comparison between private and public yards. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 18(1):213-225.
- Çiçek G, Sümer SK, Çay A 2015. Determination of the number of trees to be harvested by shaking olive harvesting machine by the equivalent cost analysis method. In: the 29th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress. Conference proceedings, 348-352.
- Deboli R, Calvo A, Gambella F, Preti C, Dau R, Casu EC 2014. Hand arm vibration generated by a rotary pick-up for table olives harvesting. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 16(1):228-235.
- Directive 2003/10/EC, 2003. of the European parliament and of the council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise). Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0010
- Franzinelli A, Maiorano M, De BC, Masini M 1988. Annual dose of noise absorbed by machine drivers in wine and cereal growing. G Ital Med Lav., 10(3):131-134.
- IEC 61672-1:2002. The international electrotechnical commission, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications.
- ISO 9612 EN 2009. Acoustics - Determination of occupational noise exposure - Engineering method. Available from: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso: std:iso: 9612: ed2: v1: en
- Jahanbakhshi A, Ghamari B, Heidarbeigi K 2016. Effect of engine rotation speed and gear ratio on the acoustic emission of John Deere 1055I combine harvester. Agric Eng Int: CIGR J., 18(3):106-112.
- Matthews J 1968. Measurements of environmental noise in agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 13(2):157-170.
- Meyer RE, Schwab CV, Bern CJ 1993. Tractor noise exposure for bean bar riders. Trans ASAE, 36(4):1049-1056. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.28433
- OSHA 1998. Occupational safety and health administration. Regulations (Standards–29 CFR) Occupational noise exposure. 1998(1910.95). Available from: https://www.osha.gov/laws- regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95.
- Ragni L, Vassalini G, Xu F, Zhang LB 1999. Vibration and noise of small implements for soil tillage. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 75:403-409.
- Reinvee M, Luik M, Kliimak P 2013. Noise emission from grain dryers and potential noise pollution. Agronomy Research, 11(2):457-462.
- Sabancı A, Sümer SK 2015. Ergonomics (in Turkish). Nobel Academic Publishing, Ankara. Second edition, 472.
- Saraçoğlu T, Çakmak B, Özarslan C, Alayunt FN 2011. Vibration and noise characteristics of hook type olive harvesters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(41):8074-8081.
- Saraçoğlu T 2001. The determination of some handy type olive harvest machines performances (in Turkish). Uni. of Adnan Menderes. MSc. Thesis.
- Sauk H, Beyhan M 2016. Determination of noise level during hazelnut harvesting with the pneumatic hazelnut harvester. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science (IJAWS), 2(1): 23-27.
- Serin H, Akay AE 2008. Analysis of noise level resulting from logging. In: The 14th National Ergonomics Congress. Conference proceedings, 412-418.
- Sola-Guirado RR, Castro-Garcia S, Blanco-Roldan GL, Jimenez-Jimenez F, Castillo-Ruiz FJ, Gil-Ribes JA 2014. Traditional olive tree response to oil olive harvesting Technologies. Biosystems Engineering, 118:186-193.
- Solecki L 2000. Duration of exposure to noise among farmers as an important factor of occupational risk. Ann Agric Environ Med., 7(2):89-93.
- Stangl GA, Porterfield JG, Lowery RL 1973. Tractor exhaust noise evaluation technique. Transact. ASAE, 16(4): 601-605.
- Sullivan NW, Schnieder RD, Von Bargen K 1980. Annual noise exposure patterns of agricultural employees. Chicago, IL, USA, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mich, USA.
- Sümer SK, Çiçek G, Say SM 2016. Determination of the potential of olive oil production residues and investigation of possibilities for utilization in Çanakkale. J Agri Mach Sci., 12:103-111.
- Sümer SK, Say SM, Ege F, Sabancı A 2006. Noise exposed of the operators of combine harvesters with and without a cab. J Appl Ergononomics, 37:749-756.
- Thatcher A, Yeow PHP 2018. Ergonomics and human factors for a sustainable future, current research, and future possibilities. Part of Springer Nature, (eBook).
- WHO, 1991. Report of the informal working group on prevention of deafness and hearing impairment programme planning, Geneva, 18-21 June 1991. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/ 10665/58839?mode=full
- Winters M, MacIntyre E, Peters C, Thom J, Teschke K, Davies H 2005. Noise and hearing loss in farming. Farm and Ranch Safety and Health Association, Available from: https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0048187
Öz
Bu çalışmada makinalı zeytin hasadı faaliyetlerinde günlük kişisel gürültü maruziyet seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve çalışanların sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. El tipi, kendi yürür ve traktör tahrikli makinelerle yapılan zeytin hasatlarında çalışanların kulak seviyesindeki ses basıncı seviyeleri (dBA) ölçülmüştür. Operatör kulak seviyesinde eşdeğer ses basıncı düzeylerinin ve günlük kişisel gürültü maruziyet seviyelerinin sırasıyla 74-88 dBA ve 66-82 dBA aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer çalışanlar için bu değerler 71 ila 81 dBA ve 65 ila 75 dBA arasında değişmiştir. Termik motor tahrikli el tipi ve traktör tahrikli makinelerin diğer makinelere göre daha yüksek gürültü parametrelerine sahip olduğu ve bu makinelerde en düşük maruziyet eylem değerinin aşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Makinalı zeytin hasadı faaliyetlerinde, maruz kalınan gürültü seviyelerinin insan sağlığına fiziksel, fizyolojik ve psikolojik yönden olumsuz etkilerinin olabileceği ve çalışma performansını olumsuz etkileyebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Zeytin hasat makinaları Ses basınç düzeyi Çalışanlar Ergonomi
Proje Numarası
FYL-2018-2717
Kaynakça
- Aybek A, Kamer HA, Arslan S 2010. Personal noise exposures of operators of agricultural tractors. J Appl Ergonomics, 41(2):274-281.
- Basner M, Babisch W, Davis A, Brink M, Clark C 2014. Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. Lancet, 1325-1332.
- Bernardi B, Falcone G, Stillitano T, Benalia S, Stranoa A, Bacenetti J, De Lucca AI 2018. Harvesting system sustainability in Mediterranean olive cultivation. Science of The Total Environment, 625;1446-1458.
- Bilski B 2013. Exposure to audible and infrasonic noise by modern agricultural tractors operators. J Appl Ergonomics, 44:210-214.
- Çakmak B, Alayunt FN 2009. Vibration and noise characteristics of two different types of trimmers. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, 5(2):167-173.
- Çakmak B, Saraçoğlu T, Alayunt F, Özarslan C 2011. Vibration and noise characteristics of flap type olive harvesters. J Appl Ergonomics, 42:397-402.
- Calvo A, Deboli R, Preti C 2016. Operators’ exposure to noise and vibration in the grass cut tasks: comparison between private and public yards. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 18(1):213-225.
- Çiçek G, Sümer SK, Çay A 2015. Determination of the number of trees to be harvested by shaking olive harvesting machine by the equivalent cost analysis method. In: the 29th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress. Conference proceedings, 348-352.
- Deboli R, Calvo A, Gambella F, Preti C, Dau R, Casu EC 2014. Hand arm vibration generated by a rotary pick-up for table olives harvesting. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 16(1):228-235.
- Directive 2003/10/EC, 2003. of the European parliament and of the council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise). Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0010
- Franzinelli A, Maiorano M, De BC, Masini M 1988. Annual dose of noise absorbed by machine drivers in wine and cereal growing. G Ital Med Lav., 10(3):131-134.
- IEC 61672-1:2002. The international electrotechnical commission, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications.
- ISO 9612 EN 2009. Acoustics - Determination of occupational noise exposure - Engineering method. Available from: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso: std:iso: 9612: ed2: v1: en
- Jahanbakhshi A, Ghamari B, Heidarbeigi K 2016. Effect of engine rotation speed and gear ratio on the acoustic emission of John Deere 1055I combine harvester. Agric Eng Int: CIGR J., 18(3):106-112.
- Matthews J 1968. Measurements of environmental noise in agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 13(2):157-170.
- Meyer RE, Schwab CV, Bern CJ 1993. Tractor noise exposure for bean bar riders. Trans ASAE, 36(4):1049-1056. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.28433
- OSHA 1998. Occupational safety and health administration. Regulations (Standards–29 CFR) Occupational noise exposure. 1998(1910.95). Available from: https://www.osha.gov/laws- regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95.
- Ragni L, Vassalini G, Xu F, Zhang LB 1999. Vibration and noise of small implements for soil tillage. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 75:403-409.
- Reinvee M, Luik M, Kliimak P 2013. Noise emission from grain dryers and potential noise pollution. Agronomy Research, 11(2):457-462.
- Sabancı A, Sümer SK 2015. Ergonomics (in Turkish). Nobel Academic Publishing, Ankara. Second edition, 472.
- Saraçoğlu T, Çakmak B, Özarslan C, Alayunt FN 2011. Vibration and noise characteristics of hook type olive harvesters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(41):8074-8081.
- Saraçoğlu T 2001. The determination of some handy type olive harvest machines performances (in Turkish). Uni. of Adnan Menderes. MSc. Thesis.
- Sauk H, Beyhan M 2016. Determination of noise level during hazelnut harvesting with the pneumatic hazelnut harvester. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science (IJAWS), 2(1): 23-27.
- Serin H, Akay AE 2008. Analysis of noise level resulting from logging. In: The 14th National Ergonomics Congress. Conference proceedings, 412-418.
- Sola-Guirado RR, Castro-Garcia S, Blanco-Roldan GL, Jimenez-Jimenez F, Castillo-Ruiz FJ, Gil-Ribes JA 2014. Traditional olive tree response to oil olive harvesting Technologies. Biosystems Engineering, 118:186-193.
- Solecki L 2000. Duration of exposure to noise among farmers as an important factor of occupational risk. Ann Agric Environ Med., 7(2):89-93.
- Stangl GA, Porterfield JG, Lowery RL 1973. Tractor exhaust noise evaluation technique. Transact. ASAE, 16(4): 601-605.
- Sullivan NW, Schnieder RD, Von Bargen K 1980. Annual noise exposure patterns of agricultural employees. Chicago, IL, USA, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mich, USA.
- Sümer SK, Çiçek G, Say SM 2016. Determination of the potential of olive oil production residues and investigation of possibilities for utilization in Çanakkale. J Agri Mach Sci., 12:103-111.
- Sümer SK, Say SM, Ege F, Sabancı A 2006. Noise exposed of the operators of combine harvesters with and without a cab. J Appl Ergononomics, 37:749-756.
- Thatcher A, Yeow PHP 2018. Ergonomics and human factors for a sustainable future, current research, and future possibilities. Part of Springer Nature, (eBook).
- WHO, 1991. Report of the informal working group on prevention of deafness and hearing impairment programme planning, Geneva, 18-21 June 1991. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/ 10665/58839?mode=full
- Winters M, MacIntyre E, Peters C, Thom J, Teschke K, Davies H 2005. Noise and hearing loss in farming. Farm and Ranch Safety and Health Association, Available from: https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0048187
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | FYL-2018-2717 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Temmuz 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Mayıs 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
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2022-JCI = 0.170
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