Öz
Smyrnium connatum Boiss. and Kotschy bitkisi Türkiye'de "yabani kereviz" olarak bilinir ve bitkinin kökleri astım tedavisinde kullanılır. Farklı bölgelerde Smyrnium türleri insanlar tarafından diüretik, depuratif ve laksatif amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Soxhlet ekstraktörü, ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon ve maserasyon yöntemleri kullanılarak S. connatum toprak üstü ve köklerinden hazırlanan metanol ekstrelerinin biyolojik aktivitelerini değerlendirmektir. S. connatum toprak üstü ve kök ekstreleri, çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda asetilkolinesteraz, bütirilkolinesteraz ve tirozinaz inhibitör aktiviteleri, radikal temizleyici potansiyelleri ve demir şelatlama kapasiteleri bakımından mikroplaka okuyucu kullanılarak test edildi. Yapılan araştırmalarda, farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak hazırlanan bitki ekstreleri arasında hem enzim inhibisyonu hem de antioksidan aktiviteleri önemli ölçüde farklı bulunmuştur. S. connatum toprak üstü kısımlarının antioksidan aktivitesi bakımından genel olarak daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir. S. connatum toprak üstü kısımları ve kökleri, her iki kolinesteraza karşı da yüksek inhibitör aktivite göstermiştir. Tüm ekstreler, tirozinaza karşı orta düzeyde inhibitör aktivite göstermiştir. Genel olarak S. connatum'un toprak üstü kısımlarının biyolojik aktivitesi köklerine göre daha aktif bulundu. Enzim inhibitörü ve antioksidan kapasite tayinlerinin sonucunda bitkinin nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisinde kayda değer sonuçlar verebilecek potansiyellere sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Smynrium connatum Enzim inhibisyonu Antioksidan aktivite Ekstraksiyon
Kaynakça
- Abbasi N, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Karami N, Ghanadi K 2019. An Ethnobotanical Study of Hepatoprotective Herbs from Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest of Iran. EJVS 50 (2): 129-134.
- Alam J, Sharma L 2019. Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 20(3): 316-339.
- Amiri MS, Joharchi MR 2016. Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Apiaceae Family in Iran: A review. Avicenna J Phytomedicine 6(6): 621-635.
- Anand P, Singh B 2013. A Review on Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Pharm Res 36(4): 375-399.
- Bennour N, Mighri H, Eljani H, Zammouri T, Akrout A 2020. Effect of Solvent Evaporation Method on Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Cultivated in Southern Tunisia. S Afr J Bot 129: 181-190.
- Bermejo JEH, León J. 1994. Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective. Plant Production and Protection Series No. 26, FAO, Rome, Italy, 320 p.
- Bulut G, Tuzlaci E 2013. An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Turgutlu (Manisa-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 149(3): 633-647.
- Caprioli G, Fiorini D, Maggi F, Marangoni M, Papa F, Vittori S, Sagratini G 2014. Ascorbic Acid Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Nutritional Value of the Neglected Vegetable Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae). J Food Compost Anal 35(1): 30-36.
- Chai T, Mohan M, Ong H, Wong F 2014. Antioxidant, Iron-chelating and Anti-glucosidase Activities of Typha domingensis Pers (Typhaceae). Trop J Pharm Res 13(1): 67-72.
- Clarke G, Ting KN, Wiart C, Fry J 2013. High Correlation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging, Ferric Reducing Activity Potential and Total Phenolics Content Indicates Redundancy in Use of All Three Assays to Screen for Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Plants from the Malaysian Rainforest. Antioxidants 2(1): 1-10.
- Davis PH 1972. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Island. Edinburg University Press, Edinburgh, 338-339 p.
- Demirci S, Özkan EE, Demirci S 2014. Ethnobotanical Studies of Some Apiaceae Plants in Kahramanmaras and A review of Their Phytochemical Studies. Istanbul J Pharm 44(2): 241-250.
- Eruygur N, Ucar E, Akpulat HA, Shahsavari K, Safavi SM, Kahrizi D 2019. In vitro Antioxidant Assessment, Screening of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Methanol and Water Extracts and Gene Expression in Hypericum lydium. Mol Biol Rep 46(2): 2121-2129.
- Minareci E, Kalyoncu F 2012. Proximate Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Six Wild Edible Celeries (Smyrnium L.). AJPP 6(13): 968-972.
- Mungan F, Yıldız K, Kılıç M, Kuh M 2008. A Morphological Study of Smyrnium Apiaceae from Turkey. Biodivers Conserv 8(3): 54-59.
- Mungan F, Yildiz K, Minareci E, Kiliccedil M 2011. A Palynological Study of the Genus Smyrnium (Umbelliferae) from Turkey. J Med Plant Res 5(6): 997-1003.
- Murugan R, Parimelazhagan T 2014. Comparative Evaluation of Different Extraction Methods for Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties from Osbeckia parvifolia Arn.–An In vitro Approach. J King Saud Univ Sci 26(4): 267-275.
- Orhan IE, Tosun F, Skalicka-Woźniak K 2016. Cholinesterase, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Potential of Randomly Selected Umbelliferous Plant Species and Chromatographic Profile of Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. and Angelica sylvestris L. var. sylvestris. J Serbian Chem Soc 81(4): 357-368.
- Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V 2017. Skin Whitening Agents: Medicinal Chemistry Perspective of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 32(1): 403-425.
- Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C 1999. Antioxidant Activity Applying An Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
- Šinko G, Čalić M, Bosak A, Kovarik Z 2007. Limitation of the Ellman Method: Cholinesterase Activity Measurement in the Presence of Oximes. Anal Biochem 370(2): 223-227.
- Stevens PF 1972. Smyrnium L. (Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Island, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg: Ed. Davis PH), vol. 4, 337-341.
- Yang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y 2012a. Bioassay-guided Screening and Isolation of α-Glucosidase and Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Leaves of Morus alba. Food Chem 131(2): 617-625.
- Yang Z, Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Gao X, Cheng Y 2012b. An Ultrafiltration High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detector and Mass Spectrometry Approach for Screening and Characterising Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Mulberry Leaves. Anal Chim Acta 719: 87-95.
- Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Paksoy MY, Picot-Allain C, Glamocilja J, Sokovic M, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Rodrigues MJ 2019. Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivities of Five Apiaceae Species: Natural Sources for Novel Ingredients. Ind Crops Prod 135: 107-121.
- Zhang YJ, Gan RY, Li S, Zhou Y, Li AN, Xu DP, Li HB 2015. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 20(12): 21138-21156.
Öz
Smyrnium connatum Boiss. and Kotschy is known as “yabani kereviz” in Turkey and its roots are used to treat asthma. Smyrnium species are used by people in different regions as diuretic, depurative and laxative. The aim of this analysis was to test the biological activities of methanol extracts obtained from aerial parts and roots of S. connatum using a Soxhlet extractor, ultrasonic assisted extraction, and maceration procedures. The extracts of S. connatum aerial parts and roots were tested for their acetylcholinesterase, butrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, radical scavenging activity, and iron chelating activities at various concentration using microplate reader. In this study, significant differences were found in acetylcholinesterase, and butrylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant determinations between plant extracts prepared using different extraction methods. S. connatum aerial parts generally was detected to be more active in terms of antioxidant activity assay. S. connatum aerial parts and roots showed high inhibition activity against both cholinesterase enzymes. All extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. The biological activity of the aerial parts of S. connatum was generally found to be more active than roots of S. connatum. It was assumed that the determination of enzyme inhibitor and antioxidant capacity of the plant had remarkable potentials on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Smynrium connatum Enzyme inhibition Antioxidant activity Extraction
Kaynakça
- Abbasi N, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Karami N, Ghanadi K 2019. An Ethnobotanical Study of Hepatoprotective Herbs from Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest of Iran. EJVS 50 (2): 129-134.
- Alam J, Sharma L 2019. Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 20(3): 316-339.
- Amiri MS, Joharchi MR 2016. Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Apiaceae Family in Iran: A review. Avicenna J Phytomedicine 6(6): 621-635.
- Anand P, Singh B 2013. A Review on Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Pharm Res 36(4): 375-399.
- Bennour N, Mighri H, Eljani H, Zammouri T, Akrout A 2020. Effect of Solvent Evaporation Method on Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Cultivated in Southern Tunisia. S Afr J Bot 129: 181-190.
- Bermejo JEH, León J. 1994. Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective. Plant Production and Protection Series No. 26, FAO, Rome, Italy, 320 p.
- Bulut G, Tuzlaci E 2013. An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Turgutlu (Manisa-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 149(3): 633-647.
- Caprioli G, Fiorini D, Maggi F, Marangoni M, Papa F, Vittori S, Sagratini G 2014. Ascorbic Acid Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Nutritional Value of the Neglected Vegetable Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae). J Food Compost Anal 35(1): 30-36.
- Chai T, Mohan M, Ong H, Wong F 2014. Antioxidant, Iron-chelating and Anti-glucosidase Activities of Typha domingensis Pers (Typhaceae). Trop J Pharm Res 13(1): 67-72.
- Clarke G, Ting KN, Wiart C, Fry J 2013. High Correlation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging, Ferric Reducing Activity Potential and Total Phenolics Content Indicates Redundancy in Use of All Three Assays to Screen for Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Plants from the Malaysian Rainforest. Antioxidants 2(1): 1-10.
- Davis PH 1972. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Island. Edinburg University Press, Edinburgh, 338-339 p.
- Demirci S, Özkan EE, Demirci S 2014. Ethnobotanical Studies of Some Apiaceae Plants in Kahramanmaras and A review of Their Phytochemical Studies. Istanbul J Pharm 44(2): 241-250.
- Eruygur N, Ucar E, Akpulat HA, Shahsavari K, Safavi SM, Kahrizi D 2019. In vitro Antioxidant Assessment, Screening of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Methanol and Water Extracts and Gene Expression in Hypericum lydium. Mol Biol Rep 46(2): 2121-2129.
- Minareci E, Kalyoncu F 2012. Proximate Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Six Wild Edible Celeries (Smyrnium L.). AJPP 6(13): 968-972.
- Mungan F, Yıldız K, Kılıç M, Kuh M 2008. A Morphological Study of Smyrnium Apiaceae from Turkey. Biodivers Conserv 8(3): 54-59.
- Mungan F, Yildiz K, Minareci E, Kiliccedil M 2011. A Palynological Study of the Genus Smyrnium (Umbelliferae) from Turkey. J Med Plant Res 5(6): 997-1003.
- Murugan R, Parimelazhagan T 2014. Comparative Evaluation of Different Extraction Methods for Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties from Osbeckia parvifolia Arn.–An In vitro Approach. J King Saud Univ Sci 26(4): 267-275.
- Orhan IE, Tosun F, Skalicka-Woźniak K 2016. Cholinesterase, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Potential of Randomly Selected Umbelliferous Plant Species and Chromatographic Profile of Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. and Angelica sylvestris L. var. sylvestris. J Serbian Chem Soc 81(4): 357-368.
- Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V 2017. Skin Whitening Agents: Medicinal Chemistry Perspective of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 32(1): 403-425.
- Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C 1999. Antioxidant Activity Applying An Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
- Šinko G, Čalić M, Bosak A, Kovarik Z 2007. Limitation of the Ellman Method: Cholinesterase Activity Measurement in the Presence of Oximes. Anal Biochem 370(2): 223-227.
- Stevens PF 1972. Smyrnium L. (Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Island, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg: Ed. Davis PH), vol. 4, 337-341.
- Yang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y 2012a. Bioassay-guided Screening and Isolation of α-Glucosidase and Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Leaves of Morus alba. Food Chem 131(2): 617-625.
- Yang Z, Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Gao X, Cheng Y 2012b. An Ultrafiltration High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detector and Mass Spectrometry Approach for Screening and Characterising Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Mulberry Leaves. Anal Chim Acta 719: 87-95.
- Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Paksoy MY, Picot-Allain C, Glamocilja J, Sokovic M, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Rodrigues MJ 2019. Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivities of Five Apiaceae Species: Natural Sources for Novel Ingredients. Ind Crops Prod 135: 107-121.
- Zhang YJ, Gan RY, Li S, Zhou Y, Li AN, Xu DP, Li HB 2015. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 20(12): 21138-21156.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Eylül 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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