Türkiye'de Alyssum (Brassicaceae) Türlerinin Tanımlanmasında Tohum Morfo-anatomik Karakterlerinin Uygulanabilirliği: Sistematik Bir Yaklaşım
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'den 15 Alyssum taksonunun (A. caricum, A. davisianum, A. filiforme, A. haussknechtii, A. murale subsp. murale var. murale, A. simplex, A. sibiricum, A. desertorum, A. hirsutum subsp. hirsutum, A. minutum, A. strictum, A. strigosum subsp. strigosum, A. szowitsianum, A. dasycarpum ve A. linifolium var. linifolium) tohumlarının morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri küme analizi ile incelenmiş ve bu özelliklerin sistematik önemi değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, taksonlar arasında tohum şekli, rengi ve kanat varlığı açısından farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Tohum boyutları 0,43 - 2,12 mm uzunluğunda ve 0,34 - 2,05 mm genişliğinde olmuştur. A. davisianum ve A. filiforme, tohum boyutu açısından diğerlerinden oldukça farklıydı, birincisi en küçük, ikincisi en büyük tohumlara sahipti. Yüzey ornamentasyonları dokuz tip olarak sınıflandırılmıştır; ağsı-foveat, skalariform, tüberkülat, alveolat, ağsı-alveolat, akulat, ruminat, verrukat ve rugoz. En yaygın tip alveolattı, buna karşın; tüberkülat ve rugoz tipleri taksona özgüydü. Ayrıca testa ve endosperm tabakalarındaki oluşum ve kalınlıklar anatomik olarak incelenmiştir. Tohum morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri, birkaç istisna dışında çeşitliliği ortaya koydu ve incelenen taksonların ayrımında taksonomik öneme sahipti.
Kaynakça
- Barthlott W 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nord J Bot 1: 345-355.
- Brochmann C 1992. Pollen and seed morphology of Nordic Draba (Brassicaceae): phylogenetic and ecological implications. Nord J Bot 12: 657-673.
- Bona M 2013. Seed-coat microsculpturing of Turkish Lepidium (Brassicaceae) and its systematic application. Turk J Bot 37: 662-668.
- Bülbül AS, Varlik K, Armagan M, Arslan A 2019. Fruits, seeds and pollen morphology of Alyssum L. (Brassicaceae) and their taxonomic value. Fresenius Environ Bull 28(3): 2199-2219.
- Corner EJ 1976. The Seeds of Dicotyledons”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Dudley TR 1965. Alyssum L. In: Davis PH, Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 1, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Ghaempanah S, Ejtehadi H, Vaezi J, Farsi M 2013. Seed-coat anatomy and microsculpturing of the genus Erysimum (Brassicaceae) in Northeast of Iran. Phytotaxa 150: 41-53.
- Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT 2012. List of Turkish Flora. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden, İstanbul.
- Hohmann N, Wolf EM, Lysak MA, Koch MA 2015. A time-calibrated road map of Brassicaceae species radiation and evolutionary history. The Plant Cell 27(10): 2770-2784.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2015. Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Bot Croat 74: 31-41.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2016. Addition to characters of endemic Aubrieta canescens subsp. canescens Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J Bot 45: 509-515.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2017. Palynological features of eleven Aethionema taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 24: 197-204.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2018. Seed mucilage components in 11 Alyssum taxa (Brassicaceae) from Turkey and their taxonomical and ecological significance. BioDiCon 11: 60-64.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2019a. Comparative morphology and anatomy of seeds of some Aethionema W.T. Aiton (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 26(1): 1-12.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2019. Taxonomical, morphological, palynological, anatomical and ecological investigations on monotypic genus Pachyphragma from Turkey. Pak J Bot 51: 1021-1026.
- Karaismailoğlu MC, Erol O 2018. Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turk J Bot 42: 591-609.
- Karaismailoğlu MC, Erol O 2020. Notes on leaf and stem anatomy of Thlaspi sensu lato. Trak Univ J Nat Sci 21(2): 139-150.
- Kasem WT, Ghareeb A, Marwa E 2011. Seed morphology and seed coat sculpturing of 32 taxa of family Brassicaceae. J Am Sci 7: 166-178.
- Kaya A, Ünal M, Özgökçe F, Doğan B, Martin E 2011. Fruit and seed morphology of six species previously placed in Malcolmia (Brassicaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic value. Turk J Bot 35: 653-662.
- Khalik K, Maesen LJG 2002. Seed morphology of some tribes of Brassicaceae (implication for taxonomy and species identification for the flora of Egypt). Blumea 47: 363-83.
- Kovach WL 2007. MVSP - A MultiVariate Statistical Package for Windows, Ver. 3.1”. Kovach Computing Services, UK.
- Stearn WT 1985. Botanical Latin: History, Grammar Syntax, Terminology, and Vocabulary. David & Charles, UK.
- Şirin E 2019. Anadolu’dan bazı Alyssum (Brassicaceae) taksonlarının meyve ve tohum morfolojisi. BioDiCon 12: 89-94.
- Şirin E, Karaismailoğlu MC 2020. Contribution to the systematic knowledge of endemic Aubrieta pinardii Boiss. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 27(1): 27-35.
- Tantawy ME, Khalifa SF, Hassan SA, Al-Rabiai GT 2004. Seed exomorphic characters of some Brassicaceae (LM and SEM Study). Int J Agric Biol 6: 821-830.
- Vaughan JG, Whitehouse JM 1971. Seed structure and the taxonomy of the Cruciferae. Bot J Linn Soc 64: 383-409.
- Vaughan JG, Phelan JR, Denford KE 1976. Seed studies in the Cruciferae. In: Vaughan JG, Macleod AJ, Jones BMG (Eds), The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae. Academic Press, London.
- Warwick SI, Francis A, Al-Shehbaz IA 2006. Brassicaceae: species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl Syst Evol 259(2-4): 249-258.
- Young JA, Martens E 1991. Importance of hypocotyl hairs in germination of Artemisia seeds. J Range Manag 44: 438-442.
Practicality of Seed Morpho-anatomical Characters for the Identification of Species Alyssum (Brassicaceae) in Turkey: a Systematic Approach
Öz
In this work, morphological and anatomical features of seeds of 15 Alyssum taxa (A. caricum, A. davisianum, A. filiforme, A. haussknechtii, A. murale subsp. murale var. murale, A. simplex, A. sibiricum, A. desertorum, A. hirsutum subsp. hirsutum, A. minutum, A. strictum, A. strigosum subsp. strigosum, A. szowitsianum, A. dasycarpum and A. linifolium var. linifolium) from Turkey were examined with the cluster analysis, and the systematic importance of these characteristics was assessed. The findings exhibited that there were variations among the taxa with respect to seed form, color, and wing existence. The seed dimensions were between 0.43 - 2.12 mm in length, and between 0.34 - 2.05 mm in width. A. davisianum and A. filiforme were remarkably distinct from others in terms of seed dimension, the first having the smallest and the second having the largest seeds. The surface ornamentation was categorized as nine types; reticulate-foveate, scalariform, tuberculate, alveolate, reticulate-alveolate, aculate, ruminate, verrucate and rugose. The most common type was alveolate, however; tuberculate and rugose types were taxon specific. Also, formation and thicknesses in testa and endosperm layers were studied anatomically. Seed morphological and anatomical features with a few exclusions revealed variety and they were of the taxonomic significance in discrimination of the studied taxa.
Kaynakça
- Barthlott W 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nord J Bot 1: 345-355.
- Brochmann C 1992. Pollen and seed morphology of Nordic Draba (Brassicaceae): phylogenetic and ecological implications. Nord J Bot 12: 657-673.
- Bona M 2013. Seed-coat microsculpturing of Turkish Lepidium (Brassicaceae) and its systematic application. Turk J Bot 37: 662-668.
- Bülbül AS, Varlik K, Armagan M, Arslan A 2019. Fruits, seeds and pollen morphology of Alyssum L. (Brassicaceae) and their taxonomic value. Fresenius Environ Bull 28(3): 2199-2219.
- Corner EJ 1976. The Seeds of Dicotyledons”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Dudley TR 1965. Alyssum L. In: Davis PH, Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 1, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Ghaempanah S, Ejtehadi H, Vaezi J, Farsi M 2013. Seed-coat anatomy and microsculpturing of the genus Erysimum (Brassicaceae) in Northeast of Iran. Phytotaxa 150: 41-53.
- Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT 2012. List of Turkish Flora. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden, İstanbul.
- Hohmann N, Wolf EM, Lysak MA, Koch MA 2015. A time-calibrated road map of Brassicaceae species radiation and evolutionary history. The Plant Cell 27(10): 2770-2784.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2015. Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Bot Croat 74: 31-41.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2016. Addition to characters of endemic Aubrieta canescens subsp. canescens Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J Bot 45: 509-515.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2017. Palynological features of eleven Aethionema taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 24: 197-204.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2018. Seed mucilage components in 11 Alyssum taxa (Brassicaceae) from Turkey and their taxonomical and ecological significance. BioDiCon 11: 60-64.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2019a. Comparative morphology and anatomy of seeds of some Aethionema W.T. Aiton (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 26(1): 1-12.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2019. Taxonomical, morphological, palynological, anatomical and ecological investigations on monotypic genus Pachyphragma from Turkey. Pak J Bot 51: 1021-1026.
- Karaismailoğlu MC, Erol O 2018. Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turk J Bot 42: 591-609.
- Karaismailoğlu MC, Erol O 2020. Notes on leaf and stem anatomy of Thlaspi sensu lato. Trak Univ J Nat Sci 21(2): 139-150.
- Kasem WT, Ghareeb A, Marwa E 2011. Seed morphology and seed coat sculpturing of 32 taxa of family Brassicaceae. J Am Sci 7: 166-178.
- Kaya A, Ünal M, Özgökçe F, Doğan B, Martin E 2011. Fruit and seed morphology of six species previously placed in Malcolmia (Brassicaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic value. Turk J Bot 35: 653-662.
- Khalik K, Maesen LJG 2002. Seed morphology of some tribes of Brassicaceae (implication for taxonomy and species identification for the flora of Egypt). Blumea 47: 363-83.
- Kovach WL 2007. MVSP - A MultiVariate Statistical Package for Windows, Ver. 3.1”. Kovach Computing Services, UK.
- Stearn WT 1985. Botanical Latin: History, Grammar Syntax, Terminology, and Vocabulary. David & Charles, UK.
- Şirin E 2019. Anadolu’dan bazı Alyssum (Brassicaceae) taksonlarının meyve ve tohum morfolojisi. BioDiCon 12: 89-94.
- Şirin E, Karaismailoğlu MC 2020. Contribution to the systematic knowledge of endemic Aubrieta pinardii Boiss. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 27(1): 27-35.
- Tantawy ME, Khalifa SF, Hassan SA, Al-Rabiai GT 2004. Seed exomorphic characters of some Brassicaceae (LM and SEM Study). Int J Agric Biol 6: 821-830.
- Vaughan JG, Whitehouse JM 1971. Seed structure and the taxonomy of the Cruciferae. Bot J Linn Soc 64: 383-409.
- Vaughan JG, Phelan JR, Denford KE 1976. Seed studies in the Cruciferae. In: Vaughan JG, Macleod AJ, Jones BMG (Eds), The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae. Academic Press, London.
- Warwick SI, Francis A, Al-Shehbaz IA 2006. Brassicaceae: species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl Syst Evol 259(2-4): 249-258.
- Young JA, Martens E 1991. Importance of hypocotyl hairs in germination of Artemisia seeds. J Range Manag 44: 438-442.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Eylül 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Şubat 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022Cilt: 25 Sayı: Ek Sayı 1 |
Kaynak Göster
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