Impact of Cadmium and Lead Heavy Metal Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology of Rocket (Eruca sativa L.)

Ertan Yıldırım; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Güleray Agar; Selda Örs; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Tayfun Balcı

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.548626

Research Article

Ağır Metal Stresinin Rokada (Eruca sativa L.) Bitki Büyümesi ve Fizyolojisi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 22 Issue: 6, 843 - 850, 31.12.2019

Ertan Yıldırım , Melek Ekinci , Metin Turan , Güleray Agar , Selda Örs , Atilla Dursun , Raziye Kul , Tayfun Balcı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.548626

Cited By: 27

Abstract

Bu
çalışma, sera koşullarında kadmiyum (Cd) (0, 100, 150 ve 200 mg kg^-1)
ve kurşunun (Pb) (0, 1000, 1500 ve 2000 mg kg^-1) rokada (Eruca sativa L.) morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkiler üzerine etkilerini
belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Roka bitkilerinin büyüme, bazı fizyolojik
(membran geçirgenliği, nisbi su içeriği, stoma iletkenliği vb.) ve biyokimyasal
(antioksidan enzim aktivitesi, prolin ve sukroz içeriği) parametreleri ağır
metal stres koşulları altında değişmiştir. Rokanın Cd ve Pb içeriği yüksek
konsantrasyonla artmıştır. Hem Cd hem de Pb stres koşulları bitki büyümesini,
fotosentetik aktiviteyi ve klorofil içeriğini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ağır
metallerin negatif etkisi artan Cd ve Pb dozları ile daha fazla olmuştur. Cd ve
Pb uygulamaları antioksidan enzim aktivitelerini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır.
Ayrıca, ağır metal stresli bitkilerde, kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla daha fazla
malondialdehit (MDA), hidrojen peroksit (H₂O₂), prolin ve
sukroz bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, roka bitkilerinin enzim aktivitesini ve osmolit
birikimini düzenleyerek ağır metal stresine karşı savunma mekanizmaları
geliştirdiklerini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Roka , kadminyum , kurşun , bitki büyümesi , fizyolojik özellikler

Project Number

Project Number FHD-2018-6702

References

Ahmad IZ, Ahmad A, Mabood A, Tabassum H 2017. Effects of Different Metal Stresses on the Antioxidant Defense Systems of Medicinal Plants. In Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress, Springer, Singapore, pp. 215-256. Ahmad P, Nabi G, Ashraf M 2011. Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mustard [Brassica junceaL.) Czern.& Coss.] Plants can be Alleviated by Salicylic Acid. S. Afr. J. Bot.,77: 36-44. Akoumianakis KA, Passam HC, Barouchas PE, Moustakas NK 2008. Effect of Cadmium on Yield and Cadmium Concentration in the Edible Tissues of Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.). J. Food Agric. Environ, 6(3-4): 206-209. Alloway BJ 1995. Cadmium. In Alloway, B. J. (2.ed.) Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie, London, pp. 122-152. Alyemeni MN, Ahanger MA, Wijaya L, Alam P, Ahmad P 2017. Contrasting Tolerance Among Soybean Genotypes Subjected to Different Levels of Cadmium Stress. Pak. J. Bot., 49(3): 903-911, Asada K, Takahashi M 1987. Production and Scavenging of Active Oxygen in Photosynthesis. In: Kyle DJ, Osmond C, Arntzen CJ (eds.), Photoinhibition, Elsevier, New York, pp. 227-297. Asri ÖF, Sönmez S 2006. The Effect of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Plant Metabolism. West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Derim Journal 23(2): 36-45. Asri FO, Sonmez S 2011. Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri www.batem.gov.tr/yayinlar/derim/2006/36-45.pdf. Barceló J, Poschenrieder C, Andreu I, Gunsé B 1986. Cadmium-Induced Decrease of Water Stress Resistance in Bush Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender). I. Effects of Cd on Water Potential, Relative water Content and Cell Wall Elasticity. J. Plant Physiol. 125:17-25. Benavides MP, Gallego SM, Tomaro ML 2005. Cadmium Toxicity in Plants. Brazilian J Plant Physiol., (17): 21-34. Cannata MG, Carvalho R, Bertoli AC, Augusto AS, Bastos ARR, Carvalho JG, Freitas MP 2013. Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Plant Growth and Content of Heavy Metals in Arugula Cultivated in Nutritive Solution. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 44(5): 952-961. Chugh LK, Sawhney SK 1999. Effect of Cadmium on Activities of Some Enzymes of Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Pea. Biologia Plantarum, 42(3): 401-407. Costa G, Morel JL 1994. Water Relations, Gas Exchange and Amino Acid Content in Cd-Treated Lettuce. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 32: 561-570. Dixit V, Pandey V, Shyam R 2001. Differential Antioxidative Responses to Cadmium in Roots and Leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad). J. Exper. Bot., 52(358): 1101-1109. Drążkiewicz M, Baszyński T 2005. Growth Parameters and Photosynthetic Pigments in Leaf Segments of Zea mays Exposed to Cadmium, as Related to Protection Mechanisms. J. Plant Physiol., 162(9): 1013-1021. Ehlert C, Maurel C, Tardieu F, Simonneau T 2009. Aquaporin-Mediated Reduction in Maize Root Hydraulic Conductivity Impacts Cell Turgor and Leaf Elongation even without Changing Transpiration. Plant Physiol., 150(2): 1093-1104. Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y 2015. Heavy Metal Stress and Some Mechanisms of Plant Defense Response. Scientific World Journal, Article ID 756120, 18P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/756120 Foyer CH, Descourvieres P, Kunert KJ 1994. Protection Against Oxygen Radicals: An Important Defence Mechanism Studied in Transgenic Plants. Plant, Cell Environ., 17(5): 507-523. Gallego SM, Benavides MP, Tomaro ML 1996. Effect of Heavy Metal Ion Excess on Sunflower Leaves: Evidence for Involvement of Oxidative Stress. Plant Sci., 121(2): 151-159. González L, González-Vilar M 2001. Determination of Relative Water Content. In: Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 207-212. Gratao LP, Polle A, Lea P, Azevedo A 2005. Making the Life of Heavy Metal Stressed Plants a Little Easier. Func. Plant Biol., 32: 481-494. Greger M, Ogren E 1991. Direct and Indirect Effects of Cd+2 on Photosynthetic in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Physiol. Plnat, 83: 129-135. Groppa MD, Rosales EP, Iannone MF, Benavides M P 2008. Nitric Oxide, Polyamines and Cd-Induced Phytotoxicity in Wheat Roots. Phytochemistry, 69(14): 2609-2615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.07.016 Hasan SA, Fariduddin Q, Ali B, Hayat S, Ahmad A 2009. Cadmium: Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. J. Environ. Biol., 30(2): 165–74. Hassan MJ, Zhang G, Zhu Z 2008. Influence of Cadmium Toxicity on Plant Growth and Nitrogen Uptake in Rice as Affected by Nitrogen Form. J. Plant Nutr., 31: 251–262. Hatata MM, Abdel-Aal EA 2008. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Response to Cadmium Treatments. Amer. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 4(6): 655-669. Helrich K 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC. Iqbal N, Masood A, Nazar R, Syeed S, Khan NA 2010. Photosynthesis, Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Cultivars Differing in Cadmium Tolerance. Agric. Sci. China, 9(4): 519-527. Irfan M, Ahmad A, Hayat S 2014. Effect of Cadmiumon the Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes in Two Varieties of Brassica juncea. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 21: 125-131. Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Sankar B, Manivannan P, Kishorekumar A, Sridharan R, Panneerselvam R 2007. Studies on Germination, Seedling Vigour, Lipid Peroxidation and Proline Metabolism in Catharanthus roseus Seedlings under Salt Stress. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73: 190-195. Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H 2001. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 403 p. Kamnev AA, Van der Lelie D 2000. Chemical and Biological Parameters as Tools to Evaluate and Improve Heavy Metal Phytoremediation. Bioscience Reports, 20: 239-258. Karcz W, Kurtyka R 2007. Effect of Cadmium on Growth, Proton Extrusion and Membrane Potential in Maize Coleoptile Segments. Biol. Plantarum, 51: 713-719. Khavari-Nejad RA, Najafi F, Angaji SA, Shaflei S 2013. Molecular and Physiological Studies on Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Under Cadmium Stress. American Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 13:754–762 Kim DY, Bovet L, Maeshima M, Martinoia E, Lee Y 2007. The ABC Transporter AtPDR8 is a Cadmium Extrusion Pump Conferring Heavy Metal Resistance. The Plant Journal, 50(2): 207-218. Krupa Z, Baszynski T 1995. Some Aspects of Heavy Metals Toxicity Towards Photosynthetic Apparatus-Direct and Indirect Effects on Light and Dark Reactions. Acta Physiol. Plantarum, 2(17). Liu S, Dong Y, Xu L, Kong J 2014. Effects of Foliar Applications of Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid on Salt-Induced Changes in Photosynthesis and Antioxidative Metabolism of Cotton Seedlings. Plant Growth Regul., 73: 67-78. Lozano-Rodriguez E, Hernandez LE, Bonay P, Carpena-Ruiz RO 1997. Distribution of Cadmium in Shoot and Root Tissues. J. Exper. Bot., 48(1): 123-128. Maia ML, Correia-Sá L, Coelho A, Barroso MF, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C 2015. Eruca sativa: Benefits as Antioxidants Source Versus Risks of Already Banned Pesticides. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B, 50(5): 338-345. Malik D, Sheoran S, Singh P 1992. Carbon Metabolism in Leaves of Cadmium Treated Wheat Seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 30: 223–229. Man D, Bao Y-X, Han L-B, Zhang X 2011. Drought Tolerance Associated with Proline and Hormone Metabolism in Two Tall Fescue Cultivars. HortSci., 46: 1027-1032. Manousaki E, Kalogerakis N 2009. Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by the Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimusL.): Metal Uptake in Relation to Salinity. Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 16: 844-854. Marshner P 2012. Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Third ed. Academic Press; London, UK. Mobin M, Khan NA 2007. Photosynthetic Activity, Pigment Composition and Antioxidative Response of Two Mustard (Brassica juncea) Cultivars Differing in Photosynthetic Capacity Subjected to Cadmium Stress. J. Plant Physiol., 164(5): 601-610. Montillet JL, Cacas JL, Garnier L, Montané MH, Douki T, Bessoule JJ, Polkowska-Kowalczyk L, Maciejewska U, Agnel JP, Vial A, Triantaphylidès C 2004. The Upstream Oxylipin Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Tool to Scan for Oxidative Stresses. The Plant J., 40(3): 439-451. Moreno JL, Hernandez T, Garcia C 1999. Effects of A Cadmium-Containing Sewage Sludge Compost on Dynamics of Organic Matter and Microbial Activity in An Arid Aoils. Biol. Fert. Soils, 28:230-237. Needleman H L, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN 1990. The Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Lead in Childhood: An 11-Year Follow-up Report. New England J. Med., 322(2): 83-88. Okcu M, Tozlu E, Kumlay AM, Pehluvan M 2009. The Effects of Heavy Metals on Plants. Alınteri, 17 (B): 14-26. Opeolu BO, Adenuga OO, Ndakidemi PA, Olujimi OO 2010. Assessment of Phyto-toxicity Potential of Lead on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) Planted on Contaminated Soils. Inter. J. Physical Sci., 5(2): 68-73. Ors S, Ekinci M, Yildirim E, Sahin U 2016. Changes in Gas Exchange Capacity and Selected Physiological Properties of Squash Seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L.) under Well-Watered and Drought Stress conditions. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 62(12): 1700-1710. Ozturk L, Eker S, Ozkutlu F, Çakmak I 2003. Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Concentrations of Cadmium, Ascorbic Acid and Sulphydryl Groups in Durum Wheat Cultivars. Turkish J. Agric. Forest., 27(3): 161-168. Padmaja K, Prasad DDK, Prasad ARK 1990. Inhibition of Chlorophyll Synthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings by Cadmium Acetate. Photosynthetica, 24(3): 399-405. Patel A, Pandey V, Patra DD 2016. Metal Absorption Properties of Mentha spicata Grown under Tannery Sludge Amended Soil- Its Effect on Antioxidant System and Quality. Chemosphere, 147:67–73. Poschenrieder C, Gunsé B, Barceló J 1989. Influence of Cadmium on Water Relations, Somatal Resistance, and Abscisic Acid Content in Expanding Bean Leaves. Plant Physiol., 90: 1365-1371. Prasad MNV 1999. Metallothionesis and Metal Binding Complexes in Plants. In: Prasad MNV, Hagemeyer J (eds), Heaviy Metal Stress in Plants: From Molecules to Ecosystems, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heilderberg., pp: 51-72. Robinson B, Russell C, Hedley M, Clothier B 2001. Cadmium Adsorption by Rhizobacteria: Implications for New Zealand Pastureland. Agric. Eco. Environ., 87(3): 315-321. Saklı M 2011. Investigation of The Protective Role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Plant Response to Heavy Metal Stress. Atatürk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology. Salt DE, Pickering IJ, Prince RC, Gleba D, Dushenkov S, Smith RD, Raskin I 1997. Metal Accumulation by Aquacultured Seedlings of Indian Mustard. Environ. Sci. Tech., 31(6): 1636-1644. Schützendübel A, Schwanz P, Teichmann T, Gross K, Langenfeld-Heyser R, Godbold DL, Polle A 2001. Cadmium-Induced Changes in Antioxidants Systems, Hydrogen Peroxide Content and Differentiation in Scots Pine Roots. Plant Physiol., 127: 887-898. Sharma P, Dubey RS 2005. Lead Toxicity in Plants. Brazilian J. Plant Physiol., 17(1): 35-52. SPSS Inc. 2010. SPSS® 18.0 Base User’s Guide. Prentice Hall. Stancheva I, Geneva M, Markovska Y, Tzvetkova N, Mitova I, Todorova M, Petrov P 2014. A Comparative Study on Plant Morphology, Gas Exchange Parameters, and Antioxidant Response of Ocimum basilicum L. and Origanum vulgare L. Grown on Industrially Polluted Soil. Turk J. Biol., 38:89–102 Stobart AK, Griffiths WT, Ameen Bukhari I, Sherwood RP 1985. The Effect of Cd2+ on The Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll in Leaves of Barley. Physiologia Plantarum, 63(3): 293-298. Tester M, Davenport R 2003. Na+ Tolerance and Na+ Transport in Higher Plants. Ann. Bot., 91: 503-527. Uraguchi S, Kiyono M, Sakamoto T, Watanabe I, Kuno K 2009. Contributions of Apoplasmic Cadmium Accumulation, Antioxidative Enzymes and Induction of Phytochelatins in Cadmium Tolerance of The Cadmium-Accumulating Cultivar of Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). Planta, 230(2): 267-276. Unalan Ş 2010. Response of Antioxidant Defence System on The Maize Cultivars Under The Heavy Metal Stress and Investigation of Maize's Usability for Removal of Heavy Metal. Doctoral Thesis, Hacettepe University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Section. Vanlı O, Yazgan M 2008. Ağır Metallerle Kirlenmiş Toprakların Temizlenmesinde Fitoremediasyon Tekniği. http://www.tarimsal.com/fitoremediasyon /fitoremediasyon. htm Vassilev A, Yordanov I 1997. Reductive Analysis of Factors Limiting Growth of Cadmium-Treated Plants: A Review. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., 23(3-4): 114-133. Vitoria AP, Lea PJ, Azevedo RA 2001. Antioxidant Enzymes Responses to Cadmium in Radish Tissues. Phytochemistry, (57): 701-710. Wu X, Zhu W, Zhang H, Ding H, Zhang HJ 2011. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protects Against Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress in The Leaves from Two Genotypes of Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.). Acta Physiol. Plant, 33: 1199-1209. Zengin FK and Munzuroglu O 2006. Toxic Effects of Cadmium (Cd++) on Metabolism of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seedlings. Acta Agri. Scand. B-S. P., 56: 224-229. Zhang F, Shi W, Jin Z, Shen Z 2002. Response of Antioxidative Enzymes in Cucumber Chloroplasts to Cadmium Toxicity. J. Plant Nutr., 26(9): 1779-1788. Zhao Y 2011. Cadmium Accumulation and Antioxidative Defenses in Leaves of Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L. African J. Biotech., 10(15): 2936-2943. Zhi Y, Deng Z, Luo M, Ding W, Hu Y, Deng J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wu W, Huang B 2015. Influence of Heavy Metals on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Eruca sativa Mill. Amer. J. Plant Sci., 6(05): 582.

Impact of Cadmium and Lead Heavy Metal Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology of Rocket (Eruca sativa L.)

Year 2019, Volume: 22 Issue: 6, 843 - 850, 31.12.2019

Ertan Yıldırım , Melek Ekinci , Metin Turan , Güleray Agar , Selda Örs , Atilla Dursun , Raziye Kul , Tayfun Balcı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.548626

Cited By: 27

Abstract

This
study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cadmium (Cd) (0, 100, 150 and
200 mg kg^-1) and lead (Pb) (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg kg^-1)
on morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of rocket (Eruca sativa L.) in greenhouse
conditions. Plant growth, some physiological (membrane permeability, relative
water content, stomal conductance, etc.) and biochemical (antioxidant enzyme
activity, proline and sucrose content) parameters of rocket plants were altered
with Cd and Pb levels. The Cd and Pb content in rocket increased with elevated
concentration. Both Cd and Pb stress conditions negatively affected plant
growth, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content. The negative effect of
heavy metals elevated with increased doses of Cd and Pb. The treatment of Cd
and Pb significantly elevated antioxidant enzyme
activities.
Furthermore, the heavy metal stressed plants had more malondialdehyde
(MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), proline and sucrose as
compared to control plants. This study indicated that rocket plants developed
defense mechanisms by regulating enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation
against heavy metal stress.

Keywords

Rocket , cadmium , lead , plant growth , physiological characteristics

Supporting Institution

Atatürk University, Scientific Research Projects Foundation

Project Number

Project Number FHD-2018-6702

Thanks

We appreciate Atatürk University, Scientific Research Projects Foundation for generous financial support (Project Number FHD-2018-6702).

References

Ahmad IZ, Ahmad A, Mabood A, Tabassum H 2017. Effects of Different Metal Stresses on the Antioxidant Defense Systems of Medicinal Plants. In Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress, Springer, Singapore, pp. 215-256. Ahmad P, Nabi G, Ashraf M 2011. Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mustard [Brassica junceaL.) Czern.& Coss.] Plants can be Alleviated by Salicylic Acid. S. Afr. J. Bot.,77: 36-44. Akoumianakis KA, Passam HC, Barouchas PE, Moustakas NK 2008. Effect of Cadmium on Yield and Cadmium Concentration in the Edible Tissues of Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.). J. Food Agric. Environ, 6(3-4): 206-209. Alloway BJ 1995. Cadmium. In Alloway, B. J. (2.ed.) Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie, London, pp. 122-152. Alyemeni MN, Ahanger MA, Wijaya L, Alam P, Ahmad P 2017. Contrasting Tolerance Among Soybean Genotypes Subjected to Different Levels of Cadmium Stress. Pak. J. Bot., 49(3): 903-911, Asada K, Takahashi M 1987. Production and Scavenging of Active Oxygen in Photosynthesis. In: Kyle DJ, Osmond C, Arntzen CJ (eds.), Photoinhibition, Elsevier, New York, pp. 227-297. Asri ÖF, Sönmez S 2006. The Effect of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Plant Metabolism. West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Derim Journal 23(2): 36-45. Asri FO, Sonmez S 2011. Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri www.batem.gov.tr/yayinlar/derim/2006/36-45.pdf. Barceló J, Poschenrieder C, Andreu I, Gunsé B 1986. Cadmium-Induced Decrease of Water Stress Resistance in Bush Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender). I. Effects of Cd on Water Potential, Relative water Content and Cell Wall Elasticity. J. Plant Physiol. 125:17-25. Benavides MP, Gallego SM, Tomaro ML 2005. Cadmium Toxicity in Plants. Brazilian J Plant Physiol., (17): 21-34. Cannata MG, Carvalho R, Bertoli AC, Augusto AS, Bastos ARR, Carvalho JG, Freitas MP 2013. Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Plant Growth and Content of Heavy Metals in Arugula Cultivated in Nutritive Solution. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 44(5): 952-961. Chugh LK, Sawhney SK 1999. Effect of Cadmium on Activities of Some Enzymes of Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Pea. Biologia Plantarum, 42(3): 401-407. Costa G, Morel JL 1994. Water Relations, Gas Exchange and Amino Acid Content in Cd-Treated Lettuce. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 32: 561-570. Dixit V, Pandey V, Shyam R 2001. Differential Antioxidative Responses to Cadmium in Roots and Leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad). J. Exper. Bot., 52(358): 1101-1109. Drążkiewicz M, Baszyński T 2005. Growth Parameters and Photosynthetic Pigments in Leaf Segments of Zea mays Exposed to Cadmium, as Related to Protection Mechanisms. J. Plant Physiol., 162(9): 1013-1021. Ehlert C, Maurel C, Tardieu F, Simonneau T 2009. Aquaporin-Mediated Reduction in Maize Root Hydraulic Conductivity Impacts Cell Turgor and Leaf Elongation even without Changing Transpiration. Plant Physiol., 150(2): 1093-1104. Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y 2015. Heavy Metal Stress and Some Mechanisms of Plant Defense Response. Scientific World Journal, Article ID 756120, 18P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/756120 Foyer CH, Descourvieres P, Kunert KJ 1994. Protection Against Oxygen Radicals: An Important Defence Mechanism Studied in Transgenic Plants. Plant, Cell Environ., 17(5): 507-523. Gallego SM, Benavides MP, Tomaro ML 1996. Effect of Heavy Metal Ion Excess on Sunflower Leaves: Evidence for Involvement of Oxidative Stress. Plant Sci., 121(2): 151-159. González L, González-Vilar M 2001. Determination of Relative Water Content. In: Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 207-212. Gratao LP, Polle A, Lea P, Azevedo A 2005. Making the Life of Heavy Metal Stressed Plants a Little Easier. Func. Plant Biol., 32: 481-494. Greger M, Ogren E 1991. Direct and Indirect Effects of Cd+2 on Photosynthetic in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Physiol. Plnat, 83: 129-135. Groppa MD, Rosales EP, Iannone MF, Benavides M P 2008. Nitric Oxide, Polyamines and Cd-Induced Phytotoxicity in Wheat Roots. Phytochemistry, 69(14): 2609-2615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.07.016 Hasan SA, Fariduddin Q, Ali B, Hayat S, Ahmad A 2009. Cadmium: Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. J. Environ. Biol., 30(2): 165–74. Hassan MJ, Zhang G, Zhu Z 2008. Influence of Cadmium Toxicity on Plant Growth and Nitrogen Uptake in Rice as Affected by Nitrogen Form. J. Plant Nutr., 31: 251–262. Hatata MM, Abdel-Aal EA 2008. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Response to Cadmium Treatments. Amer. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 4(6): 655-669. Helrich K 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC. Iqbal N, Masood A, Nazar R, Syeed S, Khan NA 2010. Photosynthesis, Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Cultivars Differing in Cadmium Tolerance. Agric. Sci. China, 9(4): 519-527. Irfan M, Ahmad A, Hayat S 2014. Effect of Cadmiumon the Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes in Two Varieties of Brassica juncea. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 21: 125-131. Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Sankar B, Manivannan P, Kishorekumar A, Sridharan R, Panneerselvam R 2007. Studies on Germination, Seedling Vigour, Lipid Peroxidation and Proline Metabolism in Catharanthus roseus Seedlings under Salt Stress. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73: 190-195. Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H 2001. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 403 p. Kamnev AA, Van der Lelie D 2000. Chemical and Biological Parameters as Tools to Evaluate and Improve Heavy Metal Phytoremediation. Bioscience Reports, 20: 239-258. Karcz W, Kurtyka R 2007. Effect of Cadmium on Growth, Proton Extrusion and Membrane Potential in Maize Coleoptile Segments. Biol. Plantarum, 51: 713-719. Khavari-Nejad RA, Najafi F, Angaji SA, Shaflei S 2013. Molecular and Physiological Studies on Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Under Cadmium Stress. American Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 13:754–762 Kim DY, Bovet L, Maeshima M, Martinoia E, Lee Y 2007. The ABC Transporter AtPDR8 is a Cadmium Extrusion Pump Conferring Heavy Metal Resistance. The Plant Journal, 50(2): 207-218. Krupa Z, Baszynski T 1995. Some Aspects of Heavy Metals Toxicity Towards Photosynthetic Apparatus-Direct and Indirect Effects on Light and Dark Reactions. Acta Physiol. Plantarum, 2(17). Liu S, Dong Y, Xu L, Kong J 2014. Effects of Foliar Applications of Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid on Salt-Induced Changes in Photosynthesis and Antioxidative Metabolism of Cotton Seedlings. Plant Growth Regul., 73: 67-78. Lozano-Rodriguez E, Hernandez LE, Bonay P, Carpena-Ruiz RO 1997. Distribution of Cadmium in Shoot and Root Tissues. J. Exper. Bot., 48(1): 123-128. Maia ML, Correia-Sá L, Coelho A, Barroso MF, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C 2015. Eruca sativa: Benefits as Antioxidants Source Versus Risks of Already Banned Pesticides. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B, 50(5): 338-345. Malik D, Sheoran S, Singh P 1992. Carbon Metabolism in Leaves of Cadmium Treated Wheat Seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 30: 223–229. Man D, Bao Y-X, Han L-B, Zhang X 2011. Drought Tolerance Associated with Proline and Hormone Metabolism in Two Tall Fescue Cultivars. HortSci., 46: 1027-1032. Manousaki E, Kalogerakis N 2009. Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by the Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimusL.): Metal Uptake in Relation to Salinity. Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 16: 844-854. Marshner P 2012. Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Third ed. Academic Press; London, UK. Mobin M, Khan NA 2007. Photosynthetic Activity, Pigment Composition and Antioxidative Response of Two Mustard (Brassica juncea) Cultivars Differing in Photosynthetic Capacity Subjected to Cadmium Stress. J. Plant Physiol., 164(5): 601-610. Montillet JL, Cacas JL, Garnier L, Montané MH, Douki T, Bessoule JJ, Polkowska-Kowalczyk L, Maciejewska U, Agnel JP, Vial A, Triantaphylidès C 2004. The Upstream Oxylipin Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Tool to Scan for Oxidative Stresses. The Plant J., 40(3): 439-451. Moreno JL, Hernandez T, Garcia C 1999. Effects of A Cadmium-Containing Sewage Sludge Compost on Dynamics of Organic Matter and Microbial Activity in An Arid Aoils. Biol. Fert. Soils, 28:230-237. Needleman H L, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN 1990. The Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Lead in Childhood: An 11-Year Follow-up Report. New England J. Med., 322(2): 83-88. Okcu M, Tozlu E, Kumlay AM, Pehluvan M 2009. The Effects of Heavy Metals on Plants. Alınteri, 17 (B): 14-26. Opeolu BO, Adenuga OO, Ndakidemi PA, Olujimi OO 2010. Assessment of Phyto-toxicity Potential of Lead on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) Planted on Contaminated Soils. Inter. J. Physical Sci., 5(2): 68-73. Ors S, Ekinci M, Yildirim E, Sahin U 2016. Changes in Gas Exchange Capacity and Selected Physiological Properties of Squash Seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L.) under Well-Watered and Drought Stress conditions. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 62(12): 1700-1710. Ozturk L, Eker S, Ozkutlu F, Çakmak I 2003. Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Concentrations of Cadmium, Ascorbic Acid and Sulphydryl Groups in Durum Wheat Cultivars. Turkish J. Agric. Forest., 27(3): 161-168. Padmaja K, Prasad DDK, Prasad ARK 1990. Inhibition of Chlorophyll Synthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings by Cadmium Acetate. Photosynthetica, 24(3): 399-405. Patel A, Pandey V, Patra DD 2016. Metal Absorption Properties of Mentha spicata Grown under Tannery Sludge Amended Soil- Its Effect on Antioxidant System and Quality. Chemosphere, 147:67–73. Poschenrieder C, Gunsé B, Barceló J 1989. Influence of Cadmium on Water Relations, Somatal Resistance, and Abscisic Acid Content in Expanding Bean Leaves. Plant Physiol., 90: 1365-1371. Prasad MNV 1999. Metallothionesis and Metal Binding Complexes in Plants. In: Prasad MNV, Hagemeyer J (eds), Heaviy Metal Stress in Plants: From Molecules to Ecosystems, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heilderberg., pp: 51-72. Robinson B, Russell C, Hedley M, Clothier B 2001. Cadmium Adsorption by Rhizobacteria: Implications for New Zealand Pastureland. Agric. Eco. Environ., 87(3): 315-321. Saklı M 2011. Investigation of The Protective Role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Plant Response to Heavy Metal Stress. Atatürk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology. Salt DE, Pickering IJ, Prince RC, Gleba D, Dushenkov S, Smith RD, Raskin I 1997. Metal Accumulation by Aquacultured Seedlings of Indian Mustard. Environ. Sci. Tech., 31(6): 1636-1644. Schützendübel A, Schwanz P, Teichmann T, Gross K, Langenfeld-Heyser R, Godbold DL, Polle A 2001. Cadmium-Induced Changes in Antioxidants Systems, Hydrogen Peroxide Content and Differentiation in Scots Pine Roots. Plant Physiol., 127: 887-898. Sharma P, Dubey RS 2005. Lead Toxicity in Plants. Brazilian J. Plant Physiol., 17(1): 35-52. SPSS Inc. 2010. SPSS® 18.0 Base User’s Guide. Prentice Hall. Stancheva I, Geneva M, Markovska Y, Tzvetkova N, Mitova I, Todorova M, Petrov P 2014. A Comparative Study on Plant Morphology, Gas Exchange Parameters, and Antioxidant Response of Ocimum basilicum L. and Origanum vulgare L. Grown on Industrially Polluted Soil. Turk J. Biol., 38:89–102 Stobart AK, Griffiths WT, Ameen Bukhari I, Sherwood RP 1985. The Effect of Cd2+ on The Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll in Leaves of Barley. Physiologia Plantarum, 63(3): 293-298. Tester M, Davenport R 2003. Na+ Tolerance and Na+ Transport in Higher Plants. Ann. Bot., 91: 503-527. Uraguchi S, Kiyono M, Sakamoto T, Watanabe I, Kuno K 2009. Contributions of Apoplasmic Cadmium Accumulation, Antioxidative Enzymes and Induction of Phytochelatins in Cadmium Tolerance of The Cadmium-Accumulating Cultivar of Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). Planta, 230(2): 267-276. Unalan Ş 2010. Response of Antioxidant Defence System on The Maize Cultivars Under The Heavy Metal Stress and Investigation of Maize's Usability for Removal of Heavy Metal. Doctoral Thesis, Hacettepe University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Section. Vanlı O, Yazgan M 2008. Ağır Metallerle Kirlenmiş Toprakların Temizlenmesinde Fitoremediasyon Tekniği. http://www.tarimsal.com/fitoremediasyon /fitoremediasyon. htm Vassilev A, Yordanov I 1997. Reductive Analysis of Factors Limiting Growth of Cadmium-Treated Plants: A Review. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., 23(3-4): 114-133. Vitoria AP, Lea PJ, Azevedo RA 2001. Antioxidant Enzymes Responses to Cadmium in Radish Tissues. Phytochemistry, (57): 701-710. Wu X, Zhu W, Zhang H, Ding H, Zhang HJ 2011. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protects Against Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress in The Leaves from Two Genotypes of Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.). Acta Physiol. Plant, 33: 1199-1209. Zengin FK and Munzuroglu O 2006. Toxic Effects of Cadmium (Cd++) on Metabolism of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seedlings. Acta Agri. Scand. B-S. P., 56: 224-229. Zhang F, Shi W, Jin Z, Shen Z 2002. Response of Antioxidative Enzymes in Cucumber Chloroplasts to Cadmium Toxicity. J. Plant Nutr., 26(9): 1779-1788. Zhao Y 2011. Cadmium Accumulation and Antioxidative Defenses in Leaves of Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L. African J. Biotech., 10(15): 2936-2943. Zhi Y, Deng Z, Luo M, Ding W, Hu Y, Deng J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wu W, Huang B 2015. Influence of Heavy Metals on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Eruca sativa Mill. Amer. J. Plant Sci., 6(05): 582.

There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section	RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors	Ertan Yıldırım 0000-0003-3369-0645 Melek Ekinci 0000-0002-7604-3803 Metin Turan 0000-0002-4849-7680 Güleray Agar 0000-0002-8445-5082 Selda Örs 0000-0001-6789-8642 Atilla Dursun 0000-0002-8475-8534 Raziye Kul 0000-0002-5836-6473 Tayfun Balcı 0000-0002-8255-6760
Project Number	Project Number FHD-2018-6702
Publication Date	December 31, 2019
Submission Date	April 3, 2019
Acceptance Date	May 16, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2019 Volume: 22 Issue: 6

Cite

APA	Yıldırım, E., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., … Agar, G. (2019). Impact of Cadmium and Lead Heavy Metal Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology of Rocket (Eruca sativa L.). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 22(6), 843-850. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.548626