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Distribution and Occurrence of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Kiwi Orchards in Western Black Sea Region

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 5, 1093 - 1099, 31.10.2021

Emre Evlice , Esengül Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.846406
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and density of root-knot nematodes in kiwi orchards in the Western Black Sea Region. For this purpose, root and soil samples were taken from eight kiwi orchards in Düzce (2), Zonguldak (3), and Bartın (3) provinces in 2015 and 2016. Genomic DNA of the nematodes was extracted from second stage juviniles (J2), and ClearDetections’s real-time primers were used for identification of M. tropical spp., M. hapla and M. enterelobii and specific universal MF / MR primers were used for molecular identifications of Meloidogyne spp. As a result of the study, 50% of the orchards were infected with Meloidogyne spp. It was determined that one orchard from each of Bartın and Zonguldak were infected with M. incognita, one orchard from Zonguldak with M. hapla and one orchard in Düzce with both M. incognita and M. hapla. It was determined that the population density in the orchards ranged between 31-252 J2/100 g soil and the highest population density was found as 252 J2/100 g soil in august in Yanaz Village of Bartın.

Keywords

Survey M. hapla Soil sampling Identification M. incognita

Project Number

TAGEM-BS-13/08-09/01-22 (4)

References

  • Akyazi F, Felek AF 2013a. Ordu ili kivi bahçelerinde görülen kök-ur nematodu Meloidogyne incognita’nın moleküler teşhisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 37(4):449-456.
  • Akyazı F, Felek AF 2013b. Population fluctuations of root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne incognita in kiwifruit orchards in Ordu province, Turkey. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 2(2):75-82.
  • Akyazi F, Joseph S, Felek AF, Mekete T 2017. Mitochondrial haplotype-based identification of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne hapla, infecting kiwifruit in Turkey. Nematropica, 47(1):34-48.
  • Anonim 2020. Bitki Koruma Ürünleri Veri Tabanı. https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/ Kullanim/TavsiyeArama.
  • Aydınlı G, Mennan S 2016. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from greenhouses in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40 (5): 675-685
  • Brinkman H, Goossens JM, Van Riel HR (1994). Some observations on Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. n. sp. in the Netherlands. Annual Report Diagnostic Centre Plant Protection Service Wageningen, The Netherlands, 97-98.
  • Cabrera JA, El-Borai FE 2018. Nematode parasites of subtropical and tropical fruit tree crops. pp. 477-503.
  • Carlos C 2014. The kiwifruit in Chile and in the world. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 36(1):112-123.
  • Carneiro RMDG, Randig MRO, Almeida A, Gomes ACMM 2004. Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwifruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chilei. Nematology, 6:109-123.
  • Cayrol JC, Frankowski JP, Lanza R, Tamonte M 1991. Les nematodes en kiwi culture. Essai de lutte biologique avec le champignon nematophage T-350. Revue Horticole 313, 54–56.
  • Cofcewicz E, Almeida MR, Aballay E, Magunacelaya JC, Carneiro R 2007. Meloidogyne ethiopica, a major root-knot nematode parasitising Vitis vinifera and other crops in Chile. Nematology, 9(5):633-639.
  • Conceição IL, Tzortzakakis EA, Gomes P, Abrantes I, Da Cunha MJ 2012. Detection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica in Greece. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 134(3):451-457.
  • Di Vito M, Vovlas N, Simeone AM 1988. Effect of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on the growth of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) in pots. Advances in Horticultural Science 2, 109–112.
  • El-Borai, F. E. & L. W., Duncan 2005. Nematode Parasites of Subtropical and Tropical Fruit Tree Crops: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, 2nd Edition, Ed: Luc, M., Sikora, R.A., Bridge, J., CABI Publishing, UK, pp: 46-492.
  • Elekçioğlu İH 1992. Untersuchungen Zum auftreten und zur verbreitung phytoparasitarer nematogen in den land wirtschafflichen hauptkulturen des astmediterranen gebretes der Turkei. Plits 10(5):120 p. FAO 2018. Bitkisel üretim istatistikleri. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
  • Golden A, Obannon J, Santo G, Finley A 1980. Description and Sem Observations of Meloidogyne chitwoodi N-Sp (Meloidogynidae), a Root-Knot Nematode on Potato in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Nematology, 12(4):319-327.
  • Gonzalez HR 1993. Effects of an organic nematicide and the control of parasitic nematodes of kiwi crop. Revista Fruticola 14, 67–71.
  • Haygood RA, Saunders JA, Miller RW 1990. Widespread occurrence of Meloidogyne incognita on kiwifruit in the coastal areas of South Carolina. Plant Disease, 74:81.
  • Hooper DJ 1986. Handling, fixing, staining and mounting nematodes. (Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes, Her Majesty’s stationery office, UK: Ed. Southey JF) 59-80.
  • Hu MXI, Zhuo K, Liao JL 2011. Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous identification and detection of Meloidogyne incognita, M. enterolobii, and M. javanica using dna extracted directly from ındividual galls. Phytopathology, 101:1270.
  • Hunt DJ, Handoo ZA 2009. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. (Root-knot Nematodes, CABI, UK: Ed. Perry RN, Moens M, Starr JL) 55-97.
  • İmren M, Özarslandan A, Kasapoğlu EC, Toktay H, Elekcioğlu İH 2014. Türkiye buğday faunası için yeni bir tür, Meloidogyne artiellia (Franklin)’nın morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanması. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 38(2):189-196.
  • Kahraman KA, Dardeni̇z A 2019. Kivide (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) farklı tozlama uygulamalarının meyve verim ve kalitesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Derim, 36(2): 108–117.
  • Karssen G, Moens M 2006. Root-knot nematodes. (Plant nematology, CABI, UK: Ed. Perry RN, Moens M) 59–90. Kepenekci İ, Öztürk G, Evlice E, 2014. Ülkemiz için yeni bir kök-ur nematodu türü, Meloidogyne exigua Göldi'nın taksonomik özellikleri ve diğer kök-ur nematodu türleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 54(1), 1-9.
  • Li SJ, Yu Z 1991. A new species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne actinidiae) on Actinidia chinensis in Henan Province.] Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Henanensis, 25: 251–253.
  • Lima FSO, Mattos VS, Silva ES, Carvalho MAS, Teixeira RA, Silva JC, Correa VR 2018. Nematodes affecting potato and sustainable practices for their management. (Potato - From Incas to All Over the World, InTechOpen, UK: Ed. Yildiz M) 107-124.
  • Maafi ZT, Mahdavian S 1997. Species and physiological races of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on kiwifruit and the effect of M. incognita on kiwifruit seedlings. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 65(1):1-3.
  • Maccari A Jr, dos Santos HR, Biasi LA 1993. The study of preference and control of nematode Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949, in kiwi seedling. Revista do Setor de Ciencias Agrarias 12(1–2), 55–60.
  • Mai WF, Brodie BB, Harrison MB, Jatala P 1981. Nematodes. pp. 93–101. In: Hooker, W.J. (Ed.). Compendium of potato Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, USA.
  • Mckenna CE, Dobson SJ, Phare JM 2009. The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit, New Zealand, Plant Protection, 62: 262-267.
  • McKenry MV 2016. Kiwifruit Nematodes. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines. UC ANR Publication 3449. Available at: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/ r430200111.html.
  • Moens M, Perry RN, Starr JL 2009. Meloidogyne species – A diverse group of novel and important plant parasites. (Root-knot Nematodes, CABI, UK: Ed. Perry RN, Moens M, Starr JL) 1–17.
  • Özarslandan A, Devran Z, Mutlu N, Elekçioğlu İH 2009. First report of Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in potato in Turkey. Plant Disease, 93:316.
  • Philippi Ii Budge A 1992. Effects of Meloidogyne hapla on young kiwi plants. Nematropica, 22:47–54.
  • Philippi I, Latorre BA, Perez GF, Castillo L 1996. Identification of the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on kiwifruit by isoenzyme analysis in Chile. Fitopatologia, 31(2):96-101.
  • Schroeder CA, Fletcher WA 1967. The Chinese Gooseberry (Actinidia chinensis) in New Zealand. Economic Botany, 21(1):81–92.
  • Tao Y, Xu C, Yuan C, Wang H, Lin B, Zhuo K, Liao J 2017. Meloidogyne aberrans sp. nov.(Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a new root-knot nematode parasitizing kiwifruit in China. PloS one, 12(8):1-22.
  • Taylor AL, Sasser JN, Nelson LA 1982. Relationship of climate and soil characteristics to geographical distribution of Meloidogyne species in agricultural soils. International Meloidogyne Project, Contract No. AID/ta-c-1234, 65 pp., USA.
  • Verdejo-Lucas S 1992. Seasonal population fluctuations of Meloidogyne spp. and the Pasteuria penetrans group in kiwi orchards. Plant Disease, 76(12):1275-1279.
  • Verdejo S, Calvet C, Pinochet J 1990. Effect of mycorrhiza on kiwi infected by the nematodes Meloidogyne hapla and M. javanica. Buletin de Sanidad Vegetal. Plagas 16: 619–624.
  • Vovlas N, Roca F 1976. Meloidogyne hapla su Actinidia chinensis in Italia. Nematologia Mediterranea, 4:115-116.
  • Randig O, Almeida MR, Gomes AC, Carneiro R 2004. Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chile. Nematology, 6(1):109-123.
  • Yüksel HŞ 1966. Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde tesadüf edilen Meloidogyne incognita varyasyonu hakkında. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 6(1): 35-38.
  • Yüksel HŞ 1967. Iğdır Ovasında ilk defa bulunan Meloidogyne hapla ve bunun Meloidogyne incognita’nın kanatlı varyasyonundan ayırt edici özellikleri. Ib. No: 17, 20 s., Ankara.

Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Kivi Bahçelerinde Kök-Ur Nematodu (Meloidogyne spp.) Yaygınlığı ve Yoğunluğu

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 5, 1093 - 1099, 31.10.2021

Emre Evlice , Esengül Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.846406
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmada kök-ur nematodlarının Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi kivi bahçelerindeki yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Düzce (2), Zonguldak (3) ve Bartın (3) illerinde sekiz kivi bahçesinden kök ve toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. DNA ikinci dönem larvalardan ekstrakte edilmiş, ClearDetections firmasına ait M. tropical spp., M. hapla ve M. enterelobii real-time primerleri ve Meloidogyne spp. üniversal MF/MR primerleri moleküler teşhislerde kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, bahçelerden %50’sinin Meloidogyne spp. ile bulaşık olduğu ve Bartın ve Zonguldak illerinden birer bahçenin M. incognita, Zonguldak ilinden bir bahçenin M. hapla ve Düzce ilinde bir bahçenin ise hem M. incognita hem de M. hapla ile bulaşık olduğu saptanmıştır. Bahçelerdeki popülasyon yoğunluğunun 31-252 J2/100 g toprak arasında değiştiği ve en yüksek popülasyon yoğunluğunun Bartın ili Yanaz Köyünde ağustos ayında 252 J2/100 g toprak olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Sürvey Toprak örneklemesi Teşhis M. hapla M. incognita

Supporting Institution

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürülüğü

Project Number

TAGEM-BS-13/08-09/01-22 (4)

References

  • Akyazi F, Felek AF 2013a. Ordu ili kivi bahçelerinde görülen kök-ur nematodu Meloidogyne incognita’nın moleküler teşhisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 37(4):449-456.
  • Akyazı F, Felek AF 2013b. Population fluctuations of root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne incognita in kiwifruit orchards in Ordu province, Turkey. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 2(2):75-82.
  • Akyazi F, Joseph S, Felek AF, Mekete T 2017. Mitochondrial haplotype-based identification of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne hapla, infecting kiwifruit in Turkey. Nematropica, 47(1):34-48.
  • Anonim 2020. Bitki Koruma Ürünleri Veri Tabanı. https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/ Kullanim/TavsiyeArama.
  • Aydınlı G, Mennan S 2016. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from greenhouses in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40 (5): 675-685
  • Brinkman H, Goossens JM, Van Riel HR (1994). Some observations on Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. n. sp. in the Netherlands. Annual Report Diagnostic Centre Plant Protection Service Wageningen, The Netherlands, 97-98.
  • Cabrera JA, El-Borai FE 2018. Nematode parasites of subtropical and tropical fruit tree crops. pp. 477-503.
  • Carlos C 2014. The kiwifruit in Chile and in the world. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 36(1):112-123.
  • Carneiro RMDG, Randig MRO, Almeida A, Gomes ACMM 2004. Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwifruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chilei. Nematology, 6:109-123.
  • Cayrol JC, Frankowski JP, Lanza R, Tamonte M 1991. Les nematodes en kiwi culture. Essai de lutte biologique avec le champignon nematophage T-350. Revue Horticole 313, 54–56.
  • Cofcewicz E, Almeida MR, Aballay E, Magunacelaya JC, Carneiro R 2007. Meloidogyne ethiopica, a major root-knot nematode parasitising Vitis vinifera and other crops in Chile. Nematology, 9(5):633-639.
  • Conceição IL, Tzortzakakis EA, Gomes P, Abrantes I, Da Cunha MJ 2012. Detection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica in Greece. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 134(3):451-457.
  • Di Vito M, Vovlas N, Simeone AM 1988. Effect of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on the growth of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) in pots. Advances in Horticultural Science 2, 109–112.
  • El-Borai, F. E. & L. W., Duncan 2005. Nematode Parasites of Subtropical and Tropical Fruit Tree Crops: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, 2nd Edition, Ed: Luc, M., Sikora, R.A., Bridge, J., CABI Publishing, UK, pp: 46-492.
  • Elekçioğlu İH 1992. Untersuchungen Zum auftreten und zur verbreitung phytoparasitarer nematogen in den land wirtschafflichen hauptkulturen des astmediterranen gebretes der Turkei. Plits 10(5):120 p. FAO 2018. Bitkisel üretim istatistikleri. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
  • Golden A, Obannon J, Santo G, Finley A 1980. Description and Sem Observations of Meloidogyne chitwoodi N-Sp (Meloidogynidae), a Root-Knot Nematode on Potato in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Nematology, 12(4):319-327.
  • Gonzalez HR 1993. Effects of an organic nematicide and the control of parasitic nematodes of kiwi crop. Revista Fruticola 14, 67–71.
  • Haygood RA, Saunders JA, Miller RW 1990. Widespread occurrence of Meloidogyne incognita on kiwifruit in the coastal areas of South Carolina. Plant Disease, 74:81.
  • Hooper DJ 1986. Handling, fixing, staining and mounting nematodes. (Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes, Her Majesty’s stationery office, UK: Ed. Southey JF) 59-80.
  • Hu MXI, Zhuo K, Liao JL 2011. Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous identification and detection of Meloidogyne incognita, M. enterolobii, and M. javanica using dna extracted directly from ındividual galls. Phytopathology, 101:1270.
  • Hunt DJ, Handoo ZA 2009. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. (Root-knot Nematodes, CABI, UK: Ed. Perry RN, Moens M, Starr JL) 55-97.
  • İmren M, Özarslandan A, Kasapoğlu EC, Toktay H, Elekcioğlu İH 2014. Türkiye buğday faunası için yeni bir tür, Meloidogyne artiellia (Franklin)’nın morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanması. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 38(2):189-196.
  • Kahraman KA, Dardeni̇z A 2019. Kivide (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) farklı tozlama uygulamalarının meyve verim ve kalitesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Derim, 36(2): 108–117.
  • Karssen G, Moens M 2006. Root-knot nematodes. (Plant nematology, CABI, UK: Ed. Perry RN, Moens M) 59–90. Kepenekci İ, Öztürk G, Evlice E, 2014. Ülkemiz için yeni bir kök-ur nematodu türü, Meloidogyne exigua Göldi'nın taksonomik özellikleri ve diğer kök-ur nematodu türleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 54(1), 1-9.
  • Li SJ, Yu Z 1991. A new species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne actinidiae) on Actinidia chinensis in Henan Province.] Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Henanensis, 25: 251–253.
  • Lima FSO, Mattos VS, Silva ES, Carvalho MAS, Teixeira RA, Silva JC, Correa VR 2018. Nematodes affecting potato and sustainable practices for their management. (Potato - From Incas to All Over the World, InTechOpen, UK: Ed. Yildiz M) 107-124.
  • Maafi ZT, Mahdavian S 1997. Species and physiological races of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on kiwifruit and the effect of M. incognita on kiwifruit seedlings. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 65(1):1-3.
  • Maccari A Jr, dos Santos HR, Biasi LA 1993. The study of preference and control of nematode Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949, in kiwi seedling. Revista do Setor de Ciencias Agrarias 12(1–2), 55–60.
  • Mai WF, Brodie BB, Harrison MB, Jatala P 1981. Nematodes. pp. 93–101. In: Hooker, W.J. (Ed.). Compendium of potato Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, USA.
  • Mckenna CE, Dobson SJ, Phare JM 2009. The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit, New Zealand, Plant Protection, 62: 262-267.
  • McKenry MV 2016. Kiwifruit Nematodes. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines. UC ANR Publication 3449. Available at: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/ r430200111.html.
  • Moens M, Perry RN, Starr JL 2009. Meloidogyne species – A diverse group of novel and important plant parasites. (Root-knot Nematodes, CABI, UK: Ed. Perry RN, Moens M, Starr JL) 1–17.
  • Özarslandan A, Devran Z, Mutlu N, Elekçioğlu İH 2009. First report of Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in potato in Turkey. Plant Disease, 93:316.
  • Philippi Ii Budge A 1992. Effects of Meloidogyne hapla on young kiwi plants. Nematropica, 22:47–54.
  • Philippi I, Latorre BA, Perez GF, Castillo L 1996. Identification of the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on kiwifruit by isoenzyme analysis in Chile. Fitopatologia, 31(2):96-101.
  • Schroeder CA, Fletcher WA 1967. The Chinese Gooseberry (Actinidia chinensis) in New Zealand. Economic Botany, 21(1):81–92.
  • Tao Y, Xu C, Yuan C, Wang H, Lin B, Zhuo K, Liao J 2017. Meloidogyne aberrans sp. nov.(Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a new root-knot nematode parasitizing kiwifruit in China. PloS one, 12(8):1-22.
  • Taylor AL, Sasser JN, Nelson LA 1982. Relationship of climate and soil characteristics to geographical distribution of Meloidogyne species in agricultural soils. International Meloidogyne Project, Contract No. AID/ta-c-1234, 65 pp., USA.
  • Verdejo-Lucas S 1992. Seasonal population fluctuations of Meloidogyne spp. and the Pasteuria penetrans group in kiwi orchards. Plant Disease, 76(12):1275-1279.
  • Verdejo S, Calvet C, Pinochet J 1990. Effect of mycorrhiza on kiwi infected by the nematodes Meloidogyne hapla and M. javanica. Buletin de Sanidad Vegetal. Plagas 16: 619–624.
  • Vovlas N, Roca F 1976. Meloidogyne hapla su Actinidia chinensis in Italia. Nematologia Mediterranea, 4:115-116.
  • Randig O, Almeida MR, Gomes AC, Carneiro R 2004. Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chile. Nematology, 6(1):109-123.
  • Yüksel HŞ 1966. Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde tesadüf edilen Meloidogyne incognita varyasyonu hakkında. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 6(1): 35-38.
  • Yüksel HŞ 1967. Iğdır Ovasında ilk defa bulunan Meloidogyne hapla ve bunun Meloidogyne incognita’nın kanatlı varyasyonundan ayırt edici özellikleri. Ib. No: 17, 20 s., Ankara.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Emre Evlice 0000-0001-6402-0287

Esengül Özdemir 0000-0002-8274-282X

Project Number TAGEM-BS-13/08-09/01-22 (4)
Publication Date October 31, 2021
Submission Date December 24, 2020
Acceptance Date February 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Evlice, E., & Özdemir, E. (2021). Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Kivi Bahçelerinde Kök-Ur Nematodu (Meloidogyne spp.) Yaygınlığı ve Yoğunluğu. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(5), 1093-1099. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.846406

Cited By

Samsun İli (Türkiye) kivi bahçelerindeki kök-ur nematodlarının yaygınlığı ve meyve verimine etkileri
Turkish Journal of Entomology
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1092654
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