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Crop Farm Diversification and Income Generation among Small holder: The Nigerian Experience

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 126 - 131, 28.02.2023

Okezie Celestina , Oghenero Joseph Ovharhe , Christopher Chukwujı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.975785

Abstract

The study examined crop diversification and its implications on farm productivity and income among small holder farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain a sample size of 250. Data were collected by the distribution of a structured questionnaire. Simpson Index of diversification, gross margin and land equivalent ratio were used as the analytical tools. The result revealed that crop diversification was high (Simpson Index = 0.76). Categorically, the generated net farm income of farmers was specialized diversification (₦51,472), low diversification (₦187,330), moderate diversification (₦402,300), high diversification (₦304,398) and complete diversification (₦169,130). Also, the Land Equivalent Ratio of farmers was specialized diversification (0.39), low diversification (1.16), moderate diversification (1.80), high diversification (1.40) and complete diversification (1.06). The study discovered that differences occurred in farmers’ productivity and income levels as a result of crop diversification.

Keywords

Crop enterprise Diversification Farm Farmers Income

Project Number

N/A

References

  • Agegnehu G, Ghizaw A, & Sinebo W 2008. Yield potential and land-use efficiency of wheat and faba bean mixed intercropping. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 28, 257 – 26.
  • Ajibefun IA 2006. Cropping system, technical efficiency and policy options: A stochastic frontier analysis of Nigerian small – scale farmers. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 45, 145 – 169.
  • Ajieh PC 2014. Adoption of Improved Cassava Production and Processing Technologies in Delta State. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 14 (1), 23 – 33.
  • Ashfaq M, Hassan S, Naseer ZM, Baig A & Asma J 2008. Factors affecting farm diversification in Rice-Wheat. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(3), 45 – 47.
  • Ayanwuyi E, Adeola RG & Oyetoro JO 2013. Analysis of relevance of Agricultural Extension Services on crop production in Irepodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Global journal of science frontier research Agriculture and Veterinary, 13 (7), 10 - 21
  • Biswajit SP, Venkatesh GK, Jha DRS & Suresh A 2017. Agricultural diversification and its impact on farm income: A Case Study of Bihar. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 30, 77-88.
  • Brintha I & Seran HT 2009. Effects of paired row planting of raddish (Raphanus sativus L.) intercropped with vegetable amaranths (Amaranths tricolor L.) on yield components in sand regosol. Journal of Agricultural Science. 4, 19-28.
  • Chukwuji CO 2008. Comparative analysis of enterprise combination costs and returns in cassava- based food crop farming systems in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 3 (4), 27 – 32.
  • Dahmardeh M, Ghanbari A, Syasar B & Ramrodi M (2009). Intercropping maize and cowpea as a whole-crop forage: Effects of planting ratio and harvest time on forage yield and quality. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 7, 505 – 509.
  • Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette (2007). Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census. (PDF). 549pp
  • Ibrahim H, Rahman SA, Envulus EE, & Oyewole SO 2009. Income and crop diversification among farming households in a rural area of north central Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension, 8 (2), 84 – 89.
  • Jabil IY 2009. Marketing of selected product in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation, Agricultural Economics and Extension programme, School of Agricultural Technology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, pp114.
  • Joshi P, Gulati A, Birthal PS & Tewani J 2003. Agriculture diversification in South Asia: patterns, determinants and policy implications (No, No 57). Washington D.C, IFPRI MSSD, http://doi.org/10.2307/4415148
  • Joshi P 2004. Agricultural diversification in South Asia: patterns, determinants and policy implications. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(24), 2257 – 2467.
  • Lin BB 2011. Resilience in Agriculture through crop diversification: Adaptive Management for Environmental Change. Biological Science 61, 183 – 193.
  • Mazaheri D, Madani A & Oveysi M 2006. Assessing the land equivalent ratio (LER) of two corn [Zea mays L.] varieties intercropping at various nitrogen levels in Karaj, Iran. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 7(2), 359 – 364.
  • Miller H 2004. Agricultural Credit and Finance in Africa. Rockefeller Foundation USA pp 121.
  • Minot N, Epprecht A, Anh TTT, & Trung LQ 2006. Income diversification and poverty in the Northern upland of Vietnam Research No. 145, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C. pp67.
  • Muhammed MAS 2007. Rural development and enterprise development, Alexandria: Sustainable Development Association. pp79
  • Nkhori PAJ 2004. The impact of transaction cost on the choice of cattle markets in Mahalapye District Botswana. M.sc thesis university of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa. pp127
  • Nwaru JC, Okoye BC & Ndukwu PC 2011. Measurements and determinants of production efficiency among smallholder sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas) farmers in Imo state. Nigeria. European journal of scientific research. 59, 307 – 317.
  • Obasi OO 2005. Women in rural development: Nigerian experience In Nwachukwu I. and G.C. Omekwusi (eds.). Agricultural Extension and rural sociology in Nigerian Snap Press Enugu. pp87
  • Olukosi J. O. & Erhabor PO 2008. Introduction to farm management economics: principles and application. Agitab Publishers, Zaria, pp114.
  • Ogundari K 2013. Crop diversification and technical efficiency in food crop production. A study of peasant food farmers in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Economics. 40(3), 267 – 287.
  • Ogunlela YI & Mukhtar AA 2009. Gender issues in agriculture and rural development in Nigeria: The Role of Women. Humanity and Social Sciences Journal, 4(1), 13 – 22.
  • Ovharhe OJ 2020. Adoption of Cassava-based technologies by farmers in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 23 (1), 4698 – 4701.
  • Ovharhe OJ, Emaziye P & Okwuokenye GF 2020. Farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural extension services in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 16(6),1463-1474.
  • Tayo, BO 2021. Return, Risk, Correlation, and Diversification in 2 Equations. https://medium. com/ personal-finance-analytics/return-risk-correlation-and-diversification-in-2-equations-7afe581f03d3.
  • Tsubo M, Walker S & Mukhala E 2001. Comparisons of radiation use efficiency of mono-/inter-cropping systems with different row orientations. Field Crops Research 71, 17-29.
  • Walelign W 2004. Maize-Teff relay intercropping as affected by maize planting pattern and leaf removal in southern Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal, 12(4), 359 – 367.

Crop Farm Diversification and Income Generation among Small holder: The Nigerian Experience

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 126 - 131, 28.02.2023

Okezie Celestina , Oghenero Joseph Ovharhe , Christopher Chukwujı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.975785

Abstract

The study examined crop diversification and its implications on farm productivity and income among small holder farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain a sample size of 250. Data were collected by the distribution of a structured questionnaire. Simpson Index of diversification, gross margin and land equivalent ratio were used as the analytical tools. The result revealed that crop diversification was high (Simpson Index = 0.76). Categorically, the generated net farm income of farmers was specialized diversification (₦51,472), low diversification (₦187,330), moderate diversification (₦402,300), high diversification (₦304,398) and complete diversification (₦169,130). Also, the Land Equivalent Ratio of farmers was specialized diversification (0.39), low diversification (1.16), moderate diversification (1.80), high diversification (1.40) and complete diversification (1.06). The study discovered that differences occurred in farmers’ productivity and income levels as a result of crop diversification.

Keywords

Crop enterprise Diversification Farm Farmers Income

Supporting Institution

N/A

Project Number

N/A

Thanks

Thanks

References

  • Agegnehu G, Ghizaw A, & Sinebo W 2008. Yield potential and land-use efficiency of wheat and faba bean mixed intercropping. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 28, 257 – 26.
  • Ajibefun IA 2006. Cropping system, technical efficiency and policy options: A stochastic frontier analysis of Nigerian small – scale farmers. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 45, 145 – 169.
  • Ajieh PC 2014. Adoption of Improved Cassava Production and Processing Technologies in Delta State. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 14 (1), 23 – 33.
  • Ashfaq M, Hassan S, Naseer ZM, Baig A & Asma J 2008. Factors affecting farm diversification in Rice-Wheat. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(3), 45 – 47.
  • Ayanwuyi E, Adeola RG & Oyetoro JO 2013. Analysis of relevance of Agricultural Extension Services on crop production in Irepodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Global journal of science frontier research Agriculture and Veterinary, 13 (7), 10 - 21
  • Biswajit SP, Venkatesh GK, Jha DRS & Suresh A 2017. Agricultural diversification and its impact on farm income: A Case Study of Bihar. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 30, 77-88.
  • Brintha I & Seran HT 2009. Effects of paired row planting of raddish (Raphanus sativus L.) intercropped with vegetable amaranths (Amaranths tricolor L.) on yield components in sand regosol. Journal of Agricultural Science. 4, 19-28.
  • Chukwuji CO 2008. Comparative analysis of enterprise combination costs and returns in cassava- based food crop farming systems in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 3 (4), 27 – 32.
  • Dahmardeh M, Ghanbari A, Syasar B & Ramrodi M (2009). Intercropping maize and cowpea as a whole-crop forage: Effects of planting ratio and harvest time on forage yield and quality. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 7, 505 – 509.
  • Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette (2007). Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census. (PDF). 549pp
  • Ibrahim H, Rahman SA, Envulus EE, & Oyewole SO 2009. Income and crop diversification among farming households in a rural area of north central Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension, 8 (2), 84 – 89.
  • Jabil IY 2009. Marketing of selected product in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation, Agricultural Economics and Extension programme, School of Agricultural Technology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, pp114.
  • Joshi P, Gulati A, Birthal PS & Tewani J 2003. Agriculture diversification in South Asia: patterns, determinants and policy implications (No, No 57). Washington D.C, IFPRI MSSD, http://doi.org/10.2307/4415148
  • Joshi P 2004. Agricultural diversification in South Asia: patterns, determinants and policy implications. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(24), 2257 – 2467.
  • Lin BB 2011. Resilience in Agriculture through crop diversification: Adaptive Management for Environmental Change. Biological Science 61, 183 – 193.
  • Mazaheri D, Madani A & Oveysi M 2006. Assessing the land equivalent ratio (LER) of two corn [Zea mays L.] varieties intercropping at various nitrogen levels in Karaj, Iran. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 7(2), 359 – 364.
  • Miller H 2004. Agricultural Credit and Finance in Africa. Rockefeller Foundation USA pp 121.
  • Minot N, Epprecht A, Anh TTT, & Trung LQ 2006. Income diversification and poverty in the Northern upland of Vietnam Research No. 145, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C. pp67.
  • Muhammed MAS 2007. Rural development and enterprise development, Alexandria: Sustainable Development Association. pp79
  • Nkhori PAJ 2004. The impact of transaction cost on the choice of cattle markets in Mahalapye District Botswana. M.sc thesis university of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa. pp127
  • Nwaru JC, Okoye BC & Ndukwu PC 2011. Measurements and determinants of production efficiency among smallholder sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas) farmers in Imo state. Nigeria. European journal of scientific research. 59, 307 – 317.
  • Obasi OO 2005. Women in rural development: Nigerian experience In Nwachukwu I. and G.C. Omekwusi (eds.). Agricultural Extension and rural sociology in Nigerian Snap Press Enugu. pp87
  • Olukosi J. O. & Erhabor PO 2008. Introduction to farm management economics: principles and application. Agitab Publishers, Zaria, pp114.
  • Ogundari K 2013. Crop diversification and technical efficiency in food crop production. A study of peasant food farmers in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Economics. 40(3), 267 – 287.
  • Ogunlela YI & Mukhtar AA 2009. Gender issues in agriculture and rural development in Nigeria: The Role of Women. Humanity and Social Sciences Journal, 4(1), 13 – 22.
  • Ovharhe OJ 2020. Adoption of Cassava-based technologies by farmers in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 23 (1), 4698 – 4701.
  • Ovharhe OJ, Emaziye P & Okwuokenye GF 2020. Farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural extension services in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 16(6),1463-1474.
  • Tayo, BO 2021. Return, Risk, Correlation, and Diversification in 2 Equations. https://medium. com/ personal-finance-analytics/return-risk-correlation-and-diversification-in-2-equations-7afe581f03d3.
  • Tsubo M, Walker S & Mukhala E 2001. Comparisons of radiation use efficiency of mono-/inter-cropping systems with different row orientations. Field Crops Research 71, 17-29.
  • Walelign W 2004. Maize-Teff relay intercropping as affected by maize planting pattern and leaf removal in southern Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal, 12(4), 359 – 367.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Okezie Celestina 0000-0003-0745-4024

Oghenero Joseph Ovharhe 0000-0003-0732-2793

Christopher Chukwujı 0000-0002-9501-0708

Project Number N/A
Publication Date February 28, 2023
Submission Date July 29, 2021
Acceptance Date February 17, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Celestina, O., Ovharhe, O. J., & Chukwujı, C. (2023). Crop Farm Diversification and Income Generation among Small holder: The Nigerian Experience. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(1), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.975785
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