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Food Insecurity and Dietary Diversity of the Vulnerable Group in Nigeria: Drivers and Coping Strategies

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 355 - 364, 30.04.2023

Abraham Falola , Ridwan Mukaila , Adetomiwa Elijah Adetıpe

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1102888
Cited By: 7

Abstract

The vulnerable group is the most prone to artificial or natural shocks, which could expose them food insecurity. Yet, there exists a dearth of practical information on their dietary diversity and food security status. This study, therefore, assessed the food security status and dietary diversity of the vulnerable group of Fadama III Additional Financing in Nigeria. Primary data collected from 165 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cost-of-calories, logit model, household dietary diversity score and Tobit model. The results revealed that the vulnerable group was aged smallholder farmers with a low average monthly income of N13,718 (USD 37.13). The majority (88.5%) were food insecure, while only 11.5% met the daily calorie intake of 2,260 kcal per capita. Educational level, income, and value of productive assets positively influenced their food security status, while household size negatively impacted them. Most of the vulnerable group had low dietary diversity, with a range of 0.31 to 0.40, indicating poor nutrition among them. The determinants of dietary diversity among them were gender, educational level, and household size. The most commonly employed food insecurity coping strategies were allowing children to eat first, collecting food from the wild, selling assets to buy food, eating once a day and purchase food on credit. This study suggests policy measures for educating the vulnerable group ,providing production assets and better family planning for the vulnerable group to enhance their dietary diversity and food security.

Keywords

Food insecurity Dietary diversity Malnutrition Rural households Vulnerable group

References

  • Achoja, F.O. & Obadaya, O. (2019). Backyard orchard ownership: implications for rural poverty alleviation and food security management in Nigeria. KSU J. Agric Nat 22(Suppl 2), 456-464. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga .vi.546913.
  • Adeniyi, O.R. & Ojo, O.A. (2013). Food security status of rural farming households in Iwo, Ayedire and Ayedaade Local Government Areas of Osun State, South-Western Nigeria. Afri Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13(5), 8209-8223.
  • Ağır, H.B. & Akbay, C. (2022). Impact of contract farming on beef cattle farmers' income: a propensity score matching analysis. KSU J. Agric Nat 25(2), 392-399. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.896094.
  • Ahmadzai, A.K. & Akbay, C. (2020). The factors affecting food security in the eastern region of Afghanistan. KSU J. Agric Nat 23(2), 467-478. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.596442.
  • Ahmed, F.F., Eugene, C.E. & Abah, P.O. (2015). Analysis of food security among farming households in Borno state, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences 1(1), 130–141
  • Ambali, O.I., Adewuyi, S.A., Babayanju, S.O. & Ibrahim, S.B. (2015). Expansion of rice for job initiative programme: implications for household food security in Lagos State Nigeria. Advances in Economics and Business 3(3), 99-106
  • Babatunde, R.O., Omotesho, O.A. & Sholotan, O.S. (2007). Socio-economics characteristics and food security status of farming households in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 6(1), 49–58.
  • De La O Campos, A.P., Villani, C., Davis, B. & Takagi, M. (2018). Ending extreme poverty in rural areas – Sustaining livelihoods to leave no one behind. Rome, FAO. 84 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  • Egwue, L.O., Agbugba, K. & Mukaila, R. (2020). Assessment of rural households’ food insecurity during covid-19 pandemic in south-east Nigeria. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8(12), 182–194. https:// doi.org/0.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2713.
  • Falola, A., Mukaila, R. & Kudabo, A.M. (2021). Economic effect of social media on small scale poultry farmers. Evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems 11(3), 163-172.
  • Falola, A., Mukaila, R. & Abdulhamid, K.O. (2022). Informal finance: its drivers and contributions to farm investment among rural farmers in Northcentral Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review 82(5), 942-959. https://doi.org/10.1108/ AFR-08-2021-0116.
  • Falusi AO (1985). Socio-economic factors influencing food nutrient consumption of urban and rural households. A case study of Ondo State of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences 6(2), 52.
  • Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) (2007). The state of food insecurity in the World. Food and agricultural organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome
  • FAO (2008). The State of food insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  • FAO (2009). Production Year Book for 2009. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.
  • FAO (2015). The state of food insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
  • FAO (2019). The state of food insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
  • FAO Statistics (2020). Nigeria: Hunger and food insecurity. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/ en/#country/159.
  • Gbigbi, T.M. (2021). The nexus between pilfering menace and crop farmers’ income shock: Evidence from Nigeria. KSU J. Agric Nat 24 (1), 200-211. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.700483.
  • Ghosh, S. (2020). Factors responsible for childhood malnutrition: A review of the literature. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science 8(2), 360-370.
  • Girma, G.G. (2012). Determinants of food insecurity among households in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. Interdisciplinary description of complex systems 10(2), 159-173. Global Hunger Index (2014). Forced Migration and Hunger
  • Global Hunger Index (2019). Forced Migration and Hunger. http://www.globalhungerindex.org/ nigeria.html.
  • Greer, J. & Thorbecke, E. (1986). A methodology for measuring food poverty applied to Kenya. Journal of Development Economics 24(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90144-6.
  • İkikat Tümer, E. & Birinci, A. (2020). Estimation of cattle insurance demand in Turkey through count data method: the case of TRA1 Region. KSU J. Agric Nat 24(3), 614-621. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.706142.
  • Kundu, S., Al Banna, H., Sayeed, A., Sultana, S., Brazendale, K., Harris, J., Mandal, M., Jahan, I., Abid, M.T. & Khan, S.I. (2020). Determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the covid-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutrition 24(5), 1079-1087. https://doi.org/10.17/S1368980020005042.
  • Marinda, P.A., Genschick, S., Khayeka-Wandabwa, C., Kiwanuka-Lubinda, R. & Thilsted, S.H. (2018). Dietary diversity determinants and contribution of fish to maternal and under-five nutritional status in Zambia. PLoS ONE 13(9), e0204009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204009.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A. & Omotesho, O.A. (2020). Food security status: its drivers and coping strategies among vegetable farming households. Cercetări Agronomice in Moldova, 53(4), 414–425. https://doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-035.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A. & Egwue, L.O. (2021). Income diversification and drivers of rural smallholder farmers’ income in Enugu State Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development 21(3), 585-592.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A. & Akanbi, S.O. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants of income among rural women in Enugu State, Nigeria: implication for achieving first sustainable development goal. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 4(62), 363–370.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A., Akanbi, S.O., Aboaba, K.O. & Obetta, A.E. (2022). Drivers of poverty among rural women in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation and rural development. Journal of Rural and Community Development 17(1), 32–48.
  • Nigeria Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) End-point report (2015). UNDP in Nigeria. https://www.ng.undp.org/content/nigeria/en/home/library/mdg/nigeria-mdgs-end-point-report-2015. html.
  • Obasan, T.A., Okojie, L.O. & Okuneye, P.A. (2017). Determinants of rural households’ food security in Ogun State, Nigeria. Conference Proceedings of the 18’’ Annual National Conference of the Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists the Held Al Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria 16 - 19th October 2017.
  • Omotesho, O.A., Adewumi, M.O. & Ayinde, O.E. (2006). Determinants of food security among the rural farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture 2(1), 7–15.
  • Oyebanjo, O., Ambali, O.I. & Akerele, E.O. (2013). Determinants of food security status and incidence of food insecurity among rural farming households in Ijebu Division of Ogun State Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 13, 92–103.
  • Taruvinga, A., Muchenje, A. & Mushunje, A. (2013). Determinants of rural household dietary diversity: The case of Amatole and Nyandeni districts, South Africa. International Journal of Development and Sustainability 2(4), 2233-2247.
  • Uzel, G., Ndimballan, A. & Gurluk, S. (2021). Impacts of corruption to agricultural export potential of the Gambia competitive neighbours. KSU J. Agric Nat 24(4), 886-894. https://doi.org/ 10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.773249.

Food Insecurity and Dietary Diversity of the Vulnerable Group in Nigeria: Drivers and Coping Strategies

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 355 - 364, 30.04.2023

Abraham Falola , Ridwan Mukaila , Adetomiwa Elijah Adetıpe

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1102888
Cited By: 7

Abstract

The vulnerable group is the most prone to artificial or natural shocks, which could expose them food insecurity. Yet, there exists a dearth of practical information on their dietary diversity and food security status. This study, therefore, assessed the food security status and dietary diversity of the vulnerable group of Fadama III Additional Financing in Nigeria. Primary data collected from 165 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cost-of-calories, logit model, household dietary diversity score and Tobit model. The results revealed that the vulnerable group was aged smallholder farmers with a low average monthly income of N13,718 (USD 37.13). The majority (88.5%) were food insecure, while only 11.5% met the daily calorie intake of 2,260 kcal per capita. Educational level, income, and value of productive assets positively influenced their food security status, while household size negatively impacted them. Most of the vulnerable group had low dietary diversity, with a range of 0.31 to 0.40, indicating poor nutrition among them. The determinants of dietary diversity among them were gender, educational level, and household size. The most commonly employed food insecurity coping strategies were allowing children to eat first, collecting food from the wild, selling assets to buy food, eating once a day and purchase food on credit. This study suggests policy measures for educating the vulnerable group ,providing production assets and better family planning for the vulnerable group to enhance their dietary diversity and food security.

Keywords

Food insecurity Dietary diversity Malnutrition Rural households Vulnerable group

References

  • Achoja, F.O. & Obadaya, O. (2019). Backyard orchard ownership: implications for rural poverty alleviation and food security management in Nigeria. KSU J. Agric Nat 22(Suppl 2), 456-464. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga .vi.546913.
  • Adeniyi, O.R. & Ojo, O.A. (2013). Food security status of rural farming households in Iwo, Ayedire and Ayedaade Local Government Areas of Osun State, South-Western Nigeria. Afri Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13(5), 8209-8223.
  • Ağır, H.B. & Akbay, C. (2022). Impact of contract farming on beef cattle farmers' income: a propensity score matching analysis. KSU J. Agric Nat 25(2), 392-399. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.896094.
  • Ahmadzai, A.K. & Akbay, C. (2020). The factors affecting food security in the eastern region of Afghanistan. KSU J. Agric Nat 23(2), 467-478. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.596442.
  • Ahmed, F.F., Eugene, C.E. & Abah, P.O. (2015). Analysis of food security among farming households in Borno state, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences 1(1), 130–141
  • Ambali, O.I., Adewuyi, S.A., Babayanju, S.O. & Ibrahim, S.B. (2015). Expansion of rice for job initiative programme: implications for household food security in Lagos State Nigeria. Advances in Economics and Business 3(3), 99-106
  • Babatunde, R.O., Omotesho, O.A. & Sholotan, O.S. (2007). Socio-economics characteristics and food security status of farming households in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 6(1), 49–58.
  • De La O Campos, A.P., Villani, C., Davis, B. & Takagi, M. (2018). Ending extreme poverty in rural areas – Sustaining livelihoods to leave no one behind. Rome, FAO. 84 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  • Egwue, L.O., Agbugba, K. & Mukaila, R. (2020). Assessment of rural households’ food insecurity during covid-19 pandemic in south-east Nigeria. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8(12), 182–194. https:// doi.org/0.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2713.
  • Falola, A., Mukaila, R. & Kudabo, A.M. (2021). Economic effect of social media on small scale poultry farmers. Evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems 11(3), 163-172.
  • Falola, A., Mukaila, R. & Abdulhamid, K.O. (2022). Informal finance: its drivers and contributions to farm investment among rural farmers in Northcentral Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review 82(5), 942-959. https://doi.org/10.1108/ AFR-08-2021-0116.
  • Falusi AO (1985). Socio-economic factors influencing food nutrient consumption of urban and rural households. A case study of Ondo State of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences 6(2), 52.
  • Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) (2007). The state of food insecurity in the World. Food and agricultural organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome
  • FAO (2008). The State of food insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  • FAO (2009). Production Year Book for 2009. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.
  • FAO (2015). The state of food insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
  • FAO (2019). The state of food insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
  • FAO Statistics (2020). Nigeria: Hunger and food insecurity. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/ en/#country/159.
  • Gbigbi, T.M. (2021). The nexus between pilfering menace and crop farmers’ income shock: Evidence from Nigeria. KSU J. Agric Nat 24 (1), 200-211. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.700483.
  • Ghosh, S. (2020). Factors responsible for childhood malnutrition: A review of the literature. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science 8(2), 360-370.
  • Girma, G.G. (2012). Determinants of food insecurity among households in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. Interdisciplinary description of complex systems 10(2), 159-173. Global Hunger Index (2014). Forced Migration and Hunger
  • Global Hunger Index (2019). Forced Migration and Hunger. http://www.globalhungerindex.org/ nigeria.html.
  • Greer, J. & Thorbecke, E. (1986). A methodology for measuring food poverty applied to Kenya. Journal of Development Economics 24(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90144-6.
  • İkikat Tümer, E. & Birinci, A. (2020). Estimation of cattle insurance demand in Turkey through count data method: the case of TRA1 Region. KSU J. Agric Nat 24(3), 614-621. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.706142.
  • Kundu, S., Al Banna, H., Sayeed, A., Sultana, S., Brazendale, K., Harris, J., Mandal, M., Jahan, I., Abid, M.T. & Khan, S.I. (2020). Determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the covid-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutrition 24(5), 1079-1087. https://doi.org/10.17/S1368980020005042.
  • Marinda, P.A., Genschick, S., Khayeka-Wandabwa, C., Kiwanuka-Lubinda, R. & Thilsted, S.H. (2018). Dietary diversity determinants and contribution of fish to maternal and under-five nutritional status in Zambia. PLoS ONE 13(9), e0204009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204009.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A. & Omotesho, O.A. (2020). Food security status: its drivers and coping strategies among vegetable farming households. Cercetări Agronomice in Moldova, 53(4), 414–425. https://doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-035.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A. & Egwue, L.O. (2021). Income diversification and drivers of rural smallholder farmers’ income in Enugu State Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development 21(3), 585-592.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A. & Akanbi, S.O. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants of income among rural women in Enugu State, Nigeria: implication for achieving first sustainable development goal. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 4(62), 363–370.
  • Mukaila, R., Falola, A., Akanbi, S.O., Aboaba, K.O. & Obetta, A.E. (2022). Drivers of poverty among rural women in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation and rural development. Journal of Rural and Community Development 17(1), 32–48.
  • Nigeria Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) End-point report (2015). UNDP in Nigeria. https://www.ng.undp.org/content/nigeria/en/home/library/mdg/nigeria-mdgs-end-point-report-2015. html.
  • Obasan, T.A., Okojie, L.O. & Okuneye, P.A. (2017). Determinants of rural households’ food security in Ogun State, Nigeria. Conference Proceedings of the 18’’ Annual National Conference of the Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists the Held Al Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria 16 - 19th October 2017.
  • Omotesho, O.A., Adewumi, M.O. & Ayinde, O.E. (2006). Determinants of food security among the rural farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture 2(1), 7–15.
  • Oyebanjo, O., Ambali, O.I. & Akerele, E.O. (2013). Determinants of food security status and incidence of food insecurity among rural farming households in Ijebu Division of Ogun State Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 13, 92–103.
  • Taruvinga, A., Muchenje, A. & Mushunje, A. (2013). Determinants of rural household dietary diversity: The case of Amatole and Nyandeni districts, South Africa. International Journal of Development and Sustainability 2(4), 2233-2247.
  • Uzel, G., Ndimballan, A. & Gurluk, S. (2021). Impacts of corruption to agricultural export potential of the Gambia competitive neighbours. KSU J. Agric Nat 24(4), 886-894. https://doi.org/ 10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.773249.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Abraham Falola 0000-0002-5265-9355

Ridwan Mukaila 0000-0001-8584-0858

Adetomiwa Elijah Adetıpe 0000-0001-6229-9552

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date April 13, 2022
Acceptance Date July 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Falola, A., Mukaila, R., & Adetıpe, A. E. (2023). Food Insecurity and Dietary Diversity of the Vulnerable Group in Nigeria: Drivers and Coping Strategies. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(2), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1102888

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