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Research Article
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Influence of Leaf Water Potential and Defoliation Techniques on Leaf Area Characteristics in 'Merlot'/41B Grapevines

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 1320 - 1331, 07.11.2024

Serkan Candar , Elman Bahar , İlknur Korkutal , Fatma Betül Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1343104

Abstract

This study aimed to assess how variations in leaf water potential and different defoliation treatments influence leaf area characteristics. The research was carried out during two consecutive years (2019-2020) on 'Merlot'/41B combination grapevines cultivated in the Tekirdağ, Şarköy vineyards of Chateau Kalpak. Four distinct water stress levels (S0, S1, S2, and S3) were implemented based on measurements of leaf water potential. Additionally, defoliation treatments were applied, including Control (C), Full Window (FW), Right Window (RW), and Left Window (LW). Upon analyzing leaf characteristics, a clear trend emerged, wherein higher stress levels correlated with an increased area of primary, lateral, and total leaves per vine. Concerning leaf removal interventions, the application of FW led to a reduction in all criteria except for the total area of main leaves per vine. While FW causes a decrease in certain leaf parameters under controlled conditions, the stress-induced increase in total leaf area points to the mechanism of plasticity in grapevines and warrants further investigation under different environmental and production dynamics.

Keywords

Abiotic stress Leaf removal Drought Leaf morphology cv. Merlot

Thanks

This study is a part of the master's thesis of the fourth author. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Mr. Bülent KALPAKLIOĞLU, the owner of Kalpak Tarım Ürünleri Ltd., for providing permission to conduct this research in his vineyard for two years.

References

  • Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ., & Öner, H. (2018). Effects of different culturel practices on must composition in cv. Cabernet sauvignon (in Turkish with English abstract). Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.15316/ SJAFS.2018.56
  • Berry and Wine Phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon Grown in Eastern Serbia. Agronomy 11(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020238
  • Bowen, P. (2009). Foundations of canopy management: the contributions of Dr. Mark Kliewer. In: Recent advances in canopy management. Proceedings of W.M. Kliewer Symposium. 16, Davis, CA, pp. 1-6.
  • Branas, J., Bernon, G., & Levadoux, L. (1946). Eléments de Viticultura Générale. Imp. Déhan. Bordeaux.
  • Brillante, L., Martínez-Lüscher, J. & Kaan Kurtural, S. (2018) Applied water and mechanical canopy management affect berry and wine phenolic and aroma composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Syrah) in Central California. Scientia Horticulturae 227, 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2017.09.048.
  • Bubola, M., Lukic, I., Radeka, S., Sivilotti, P., Grozic, K., Vanzo, A., & Lisjak K 2019. Enhancement of Istrian Malvasia wine aroma and hydroxycinnamate composition by hand and mechanical leaf removal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99(2), 904-914. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9262
  • Bubola, M., Sivilotti, P., Rossi, S., Bestulić, E., Plavša, T., & Radeka, S. (2022). Impact of canopy management practices on phenolic composition and sensory profile of cv. Teran wine. BIO Web Conferences 44, 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/ bioconf/20224402001
  • Calo, A., Giorgessi, F., Sansone, L., Tomasi, D. & Zerbi, G. (1999). Research on the relationship between sap flow, transpiration and vigourofgrapevine with regard to the trellis system (in French with English Abstract). Vitis, 38(1), 7-13.
  • Candar, S. (2018). Effects of different canopy microclimates on physiological responses and quality of cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) (in Turkish with English Abstract). [Doctoral dissertation]. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ. 487
  • Candar, S., Alço, T., Ekiz, M., Korkutal, İ. & Bahar, E. (2020) The effect of pruning type and abiotic factors on physiological activities in some local wine grapes selected from national collection vineyard (in Turkish with English abstract). Ege University Journal of Agriculture Faculty 57(2), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.602806.
  • Candar, S. (2022). The effects of water restriction on leaf morphological characteristics and veghetative growth components in Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. 5th Agriculture, Environment and Health Congress, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 17-19 February 2022, Aydın/Turkey. p:83-95. (Oral presentation).
  • Candar, S., Açıkbaş, B., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar, E. (2021). The effects of water deficit on leaf and stoma morphological properties of wine grapes in Thrace Region (in Turkish with English abstract). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature 24(4), 766-776. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.738285
  • Candar, S., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar E. (2019). Effect of canopy microclimate on Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grape composition. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(6), 15431-15446. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1706_1543115446
  • Candar, S., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar, E. (2022). Changes of vine water status and growth parameters under different canopy managements on cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 19(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.33462/ jotaf.795232
  • Carbonneau, A. (1980). Recherche sur les systèmes de conduite de la vigne: essai de maîtrise du microclimat et de la plante entière pour produire économiquement du raisin de qualité. Thèse Université Bordeaux 2, Lavoisier, Payot Ed. 240p.
  • Carbonneau, A. (1998). Aspects Qualitatifs. In: Tiercelin, JR (Ed.), Traite d’irrigation. Tec & Doc. Lavosier Ed., Paris, 258-276. p.1011.
  • Chitwood, D.H., Klein, L.L., O’Hanlon, R., Chacko, S., Greg, M., Kitchen, C., Miller, A.J., & Londo, J.P. (2016b). Latent developmental and evolutionary shapes embedded within the grapevine leaf. New Phytologist 210(1), 343-355. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/nph.13754
  • Chitwood, D.H., Susan, M.R., Darren, Y.L., Quaneisha, L.W., Tommy, T., Yu, J.R.L., Daniel, G., Julie, K., & Jason, P.L. (2016a). Climate and developmental plasticity: Interannual variability in grapevine leaf morphology. Plant Physiology 170(3), 1480–1491. https://doi.org/10.1104/ pp.15.01825
  • Delice, A. (2001). İtalia üzüm çeşidinde vegetatif gelişme ile üzüm kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiler (in Turkish with English Abstract). [Doctoral dissertation]. Trakya University, Tekirdağ.
  • Deloire, A., Pellegrino, A., & Rogiers, S. (2020). A few words on grapevine leaf water potential. Ives Technical Reviews Vine and Wine. https://doi.org/10.20870/IVES-TR.2020.3620
  • Huglin, P. (1978). Nouveau mode d’évaluation des possibilités héliothermiques d’un milieu viticole. In Proceedings of the Symposium International sur l’ecologie de la Vigne., (pp. 89–98). Constanca: Ministre de l’Agriculture et de l’Industrie Alimentaire.
  • Hunter, J.J., Ruffner, H.P., Volschenk, C.G., & Le Roux, D.J. (1995). Partial defoliation of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon/99 Richter: Effect on root growth, canopy efficiency; grape composition, and wine quality. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 46, 306–314. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1995.46.3.306
  • Irimia, L., & Tardea C 2006. The exposable leaf area and the leaf index, which characterize the grapevine training systems in the Avereşti Wine Growing Centre, Huşi Vineyard. Agronomical Research in Moldavia Journal 3(127), 41-46.
  • Jones, G.V. (2007). Climate change: observations, projections and general implications for viticulture and wine production. Climate and Viticultural Congress, 10−14 April, Zaragoza. OIV, Paris, pp:55–66.
  • Kraft A 1995. Flachenberechnung Einer SW-Grafik Flaeche Packing Programme.
  • Lorenz, D., Eichhorn, K., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., & Meier, U. (1995) Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)-codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1(2), 100-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
  • Medrano, H., Bota, J., Cifre, J., Flexas, J., Ribas-Carbó, M., & Gulías, J. (2007). Eficiencia en el uso del agua por las plantas (in Spanish with English abstract). Geographical Investigations 43, 63–84. https://doi.org/10.14198/INGEO2007.43.04
  • Mirás-Avalos, J.M & Araujo, E.S. (2021) Optimization of vineyard water management: Challenges, strategies, and perspectives. Water 13(6), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060746.
  • Palliotti, A., Panara, F., Silvestroni, O., Lanari, V., Sabbatini, P., Howell, G.S., Gatti, M., & Poni, S. (2013). Influence of mechanical postveraison leaf removal apical to cluster zone on delay of fruit ripening in Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 19(3), 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/ ajgw.12033
  • Poni, S., Bernizzoni, F., & Civardi, S. (2008). The effect of early leaf removal on whole- canopy gas exchange and vine performance of Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese. Vitis 47(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5073/ vitis.2008.47.1-6
  • R Core Team, 2016. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Rienth, M., & Scholasch, T. (2019). State-of-the-art of tools and methods to assess vine water status. Oeno One 53(4), 619-637. https://doi.org/ 10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.4.2403
  • Rossouw, G.C., Suklje, K., Smith, J.P., Barril, C., Deloire, A., & Holzapfel, B.P. (2018). Vitis vinifera berry metabolic composition during maturation: Implications of defoliation. Physiologia Plantarum 164(2), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12715
  • Sanchez-de-Miguel, P., Baeza, P., Junquera, P., & Lissarrague JR 2010. Vegetative Development, Total Leaf Area and Surface Area Indexes. S. Delrot et al. (eds.) Methodologies and Results in Grapevine Research. Springer, Dordrecht, Switzerland, 448 p.
  • Schultz, H. R., Kiefer, W. & Gruppe, W. (1996). Photosynthetic duration, carboxylation efficiency and stomatal limitation of sun and shade leaves of different ages in field-grown grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis 35(4), 169-179. https://doi.org/ 10.5073/vitis.1996.35.169-176
  • Stefanovic, D., Nikolic, N., Kostic, L., Todic, S., & Nikolic M 2021. Early leaf removal increases berry and wine phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon grown in eastern Serbia. Agronomy 11(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020238
  • Tonietto, J. (1999). Les macroclimats viticoles mondiaux etl’influence du mésoclimat sur la typicité de la Syrah et du Muscat de Hambourg dans le sud de la France : méthodologie de caractérisation (Thèse Doctorat)., Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Montpellier.
  • Vaillant-Gaveau, N., Wojnarowiez, G., Petit, A.N., Jacquens, L., Panigai, L., Clement, C., & Fontaine, F. (2014). Relationships between carbohydrates and reproductive development in Chardonnay grapevine: Impact of defoliation and fruit removal treatments during four successive growing seasons. OENO-One, 48(4), 219–229. https://doi.org/ 10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.4.1694
  • Winkler, A.J., Cook, J.A., Kliewer, W.M., & Lider, L.A. (1974) General Viticulture, 4th Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Zinni, A., Bahar, E. & Korkutal, İ. (2023). Determination the effects of leaf removal and topping on bud fertility in cv. Michele Palieri (in Turkish with English Abstract). Bahçe 52(1), 138-146.

'Merlot'/41B Asmalarında Yaprak Su Potansiyeli ve Yaprak Alma Uygulamalarının Yaprak Alanı Özelliklerine Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 1320 - 1331, 07.11.2024

Serkan Candar , Elman Bahar , İlknur Korkutal , Fatma Betül Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1343104

Abstract

Bu çalışma, yaprak su potansiyelindeki değişikliklerin ve farklı yaprak alma işlemlerinin yaprak alanı özelliklerini nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma, Kalpak Şatosu'nun Tekirdağ, Şarköy bağlarında yetiştirilen 'Merlot'/41B kombinasyonlu asmalarda iki yıl süresince (2019-2020) yürütülmüştür. Yaprak su potansiyeli ölçümlerine dayalı olarak dört farklı su stresi seviyesi (S0, S1, S2 ve S3) uygulanmıştır. Ek olarak, Kontrol (C), Tam Pencere (FW), Sağ Pencere (RW) ve Sol Pencere (LW) olmak üzere dört farklı yaprak alma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Daha yüksek stres seviyelerinin, asma başına artan ana, koltuk ve toplam yaprak artış eğilimine neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. FW uygulaması, asma başına toplam ana yaprak alanı dışında tüm kriterlerde bir azalmaya yol açmıştır. FW, kontrollü koşullarda belirli yaprak parametrelerinde düşüşe neden olurken, toplam yaprak alanında stresin neden olduğu artış, asmalardaki plastidite mekanizmasına işaret etmekte ve farklı çevresel ve üretim dinamikleri altında daha fazla araştırma yapılmasını gerektirdiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Abiotic stress Leaf removal Drought Leaf morphology cv. Merlot

References

  • Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ., & Öner, H. (2018). Effects of different culturel practices on must composition in cv. Cabernet sauvignon (in Turkish with English abstract). Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.15316/ SJAFS.2018.56
  • Berry and Wine Phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon Grown in Eastern Serbia. Agronomy 11(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020238
  • Bowen, P. (2009). Foundations of canopy management: the contributions of Dr. Mark Kliewer. In: Recent advances in canopy management. Proceedings of W.M. Kliewer Symposium. 16, Davis, CA, pp. 1-6.
  • Branas, J., Bernon, G., & Levadoux, L. (1946). Eléments de Viticultura Générale. Imp. Déhan. Bordeaux.
  • Brillante, L., Martínez-Lüscher, J. & Kaan Kurtural, S. (2018) Applied water and mechanical canopy management affect berry and wine phenolic and aroma composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Syrah) in Central California. Scientia Horticulturae 227, 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2017.09.048.
  • Bubola, M., Lukic, I., Radeka, S., Sivilotti, P., Grozic, K., Vanzo, A., & Lisjak K 2019. Enhancement of Istrian Malvasia wine aroma and hydroxycinnamate composition by hand and mechanical leaf removal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99(2), 904-914. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9262
  • Bubola, M., Sivilotti, P., Rossi, S., Bestulić, E., Plavša, T., & Radeka, S. (2022). Impact of canopy management practices on phenolic composition and sensory profile of cv. Teran wine. BIO Web Conferences 44, 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/ bioconf/20224402001
  • Calo, A., Giorgessi, F., Sansone, L., Tomasi, D. & Zerbi, G. (1999). Research on the relationship between sap flow, transpiration and vigourofgrapevine with regard to the trellis system (in French with English Abstract). Vitis, 38(1), 7-13.
  • Candar, S. (2018). Effects of different canopy microclimates on physiological responses and quality of cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) (in Turkish with English Abstract). [Doctoral dissertation]. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ. 487
  • Candar, S., Alço, T., Ekiz, M., Korkutal, İ. & Bahar, E. (2020) The effect of pruning type and abiotic factors on physiological activities in some local wine grapes selected from national collection vineyard (in Turkish with English abstract). Ege University Journal of Agriculture Faculty 57(2), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.602806.
  • Candar, S. (2022). The effects of water restriction on leaf morphological characteristics and veghetative growth components in Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. 5th Agriculture, Environment and Health Congress, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 17-19 February 2022, Aydın/Turkey. p:83-95. (Oral presentation).
  • Candar, S., Açıkbaş, B., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar, E. (2021). The effects of water deficit on leaf and stoma morphological properties of wine grapes in Thrace Region (in Turkish with English abstract). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature 24(4), 766-776. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.738285
  • Candar, S., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar E. (2019). Effect of canopy microclimate on Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grape composition. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(6), 15431-15446. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1706_1543115446
  • Candar, S., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar, E. (2022). Changes of vine water status and growth parameters under different canopy managements on cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 19(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.33462/ jotaf.795232
  • Carbonneau, A. (1980). Recherche sur les systèmes de conduite de la vigne: essai de maîtrise du microclimat et de la plante entière pour produire économiquement du raisin de qualité. Thèse Université Bordeaux 2, Lavoisier, Payot Ed. 240p.
  • Carbonneau, A. (1998). Aspects Qualitatifs. In: Tiercelin, JR (Ed.), Traite d’irrigation. Tec & Doc. Lavosier Ed., Paris, 258-276. p.1011.
  • Chitwood, D.H., Klein, L.L., O’Hanlon, R., Chacko, S., Greg, M., Kitchen, C., Miller, A.J., & Londo, J.P. (2016b). Latent developmental and evolutionary shapes embedded within the grapevine leaf. New Phytologist 210(1), 343-355. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/nph.13754
  • Chitwood, D.H., Susan, M.R., Darren, Y.L., Quaneisha, L.W., Tommy, T., Yu, J.R.L., Daniel, G., Julie, K., & Jason, P.L. (2016a). Climate and developmental plasticity: Interannual variability in grapevine leaf morphology. Plant Physiology 170(3), 1480–1491. https://doi.org/10.1104/ pp.15.01825
  • Delice, A. (2001). İtalia üzüm çeşidinde vegetatif gelişme ile üzüm kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiler (in Turkish with English Abstract). [Doctoral dissertation]. Trakya University, Tekirdağ.
  • Deloire, A., Pellegrino, A., & Rogiers, S. (2020). A few words on grapevine leaf water potential. Ives Technical Reviews Vine and Wine. https://doi.org/10.20870/IVES-TR.2020.3620
  • Huglin, P. (1978). Nouveau mode d’évaluation des possibilités héliothermiques d’un milieu viticole. In Proceedings of the Symposium International sur l’ecologie de la Vigne., (pp. 89–98). Constanca: Ministre de l’Agriculture et de l’Industrie Alimentaire.
  • Hunter, J.J., Ruffner, H.P., Volschenk, C.G., & Le Roux, D.J. (1995). Partial defoliation of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon/99 Richter: Effect on root growth, canopy efficiency; grape composition, and wine quality. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 46, 306–314. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1995.46.3.306
  • Irimia, L., & Tardea C 2006. The exposable leaf area and the leaf index, which characterize the grapevine training systems in the Avereşti Wine Growing Centre, Huşi Vineyard. Agronomical Research in Moldavia Journal 3(127), 41-46.
  • Jones, G.V. (2007). Climate change: observations, projections and general implications for viticulture and wine production. Climate and Viticultural Congress, 10−14 April, Zaragoza. OIV, Paris, pp:55–66.
  • Kraft A 1995. Flachenberechnung Einer SW-Grafik Flaeche Packing Programme.
  • Lorenz, D., Eichhorn, K., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., & Meier, U. (1995) Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)-codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1(2), 100-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
  • Medrano, H., Bota, J., Cifre, J., Flexas, J., Ribas-Carbó, M., & Gulías, J. (2007). Eficiencia en el uso del agua por las plantas (in Spanish with English abstract). Geographical Investigations 43, 63–84. https://doi.org/10.14198/INGEO2007.43.04
  • Mirás-Avalos, J.M & Araujo, E.S. (2021) Optimization of vineyard water management: Challenges, strategies, and perspectives. Water 13(6), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060746.
  • Palliotti, A., Panara, F., Silvestroni, O., Lanari, V., Sabbatini, P., Howell, G.S., Gatti, M., & Poni, S. (2013). Influence of mechanical postveraison leaf removal apical to cluster zone on delay of fruit ripening in Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 19(3), 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/ ajgw.12033
  • Poni, S., Bernizzoni, F., & Civardi, S. (2008). The effect of early leaf removal on whole- canopy gas exchange and vine performance of Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese. Vitis 47(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5073/ vitis.2008.47.1-6
  • R Core Team, 2016. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Rienth, M., & Scholasch, T. (2019). State-of-the-art of tools and methods to assess vine water status. Oeno One 53(4), 619-637. https://doi.org/ 10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.4.2403
  • Rossouw, G.C., Suklje, K., Smith, J.P., Barril, C., Deloire, A., & Holzapfel, B.P. (2018). Vitis vinifera berry metabolic composition during maturation: Implications of defoliation. Physiologia Plantarum 164(2), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12715
  • Sanchez-de-Miguel, P., Baeza, P., Junquera, P., & Lissarrague JR 2010. Vegetative Development, Total Leaf Area and Surface Area Indexes. S. Delrot et al. (eds.) Methodologies and Results in Grapevine Research. Springer, Dordrecht, Switzerland, 448 p.
  • Schultz, H. R., Kiefer, W. & Gruppe, W. (1996). Photosynthetic duration, carboxylation efficiency and stomatal limitation of sun and shade leaves of different ages in field-grown grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis 35(4), 169-179. https://doi.org/ 10.5073/vitis.1996.35.169-176
  • Stefanovic, D., Nikolic, N., Kostic, L., Todic, S., & Nikolic M 2021. Early leaf removal increases berry and wine phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon grown in eastern Serbia. Agronomy 11(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020238
  • Tonietto, J. (1999). Les macroclimats viticoles mondiaux etl’influence du mésoclimat sur la typicité de la Syrah et du Muscat de Hambourg dans le sud de la France : méthodologie de caractérisation (Thèse Doctorat)., Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Montpellier.
  • Vaillant-Gaveau, N., Wojnarowiez, G., Petit, A.N., Jacquens, L., Panigai, L., Clement, C., & Fontaine, F. (2014). Relationships between carbohydrates and reproductive development in Chardonnay grapevine: Impact of defoliation and fruit removal treatments during four successive growing seasons. OENO-One, 48(4), 219–229. https://doi.org/ 10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.4.1694
  • Winkler, A.J., Cook, J.A., Kliewer, W.M., & Lider, L.A. (1974) General Viticulture, 4th Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Zinni, A., Bahar, E. & Korkutal, İ. (2023). Determination the effects of leaf removal and topping on bud fertility in cv. Michele Palieri (in Turkish with English Abstract). Bahçe 52(1), 138-146.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oenology and Viticulture
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Serkan Candar 0000-0002-2608-8691

Elman Bahar 0000-0002-8842-7695

İlknur Korkutal 0000-0002-8016-9804

Fatma Betül Aktaş 0000-0002-6507-1905

Early Pub Date August 15, 2024
Publication Date November 7, 2024
Submission Date August 14, 2023
Acceptance Date January 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Candar, S., Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ., Aktaş, F. B. (2024). Influence of Leaf Water Potential and Defoliation Techniques on Leaf Area Characteristics in ’Merlot’/41B Grapevines. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(6), 1320-1331. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1343104
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