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Identification of Fungal Pathogens Causing Fruit Drop in Citrus Orchards and Antifungal Effects of Some Compounds

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 1401 - 1413, 07.11.2024

Aysun Uysal , Şener Kurt , Soner Soylu , Merve Kara , Emine Mine Soylu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1457700
Cited By: 2

Abstract

This study identified the fungal agents causing fruit drop in citrus orchards in Hatay province and investigated the in vitro antifungal effects of boron compounds and pyroligneous acid (PA) against these pathogens. Thirty isolates were obtained from orange, mandarin, lemon, and grapefruit orchards in the Erzin, Dörtyol, Arsuz, and Samandağ districts of Hatay. Pathogen isolation was performed on the PDA medium. The isolates were then identified through microscopic examinations, DNA isolation, PCR, and sequencing studies. Morphological and molecular identification revealed Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum karsti, and Diaporthe foeniculina as the disease agents responsible for fruit drop. Pathogenicity tests confirmed all isolates as pathogenic. Colletotrichum spp. exhibited the highest virulence with 92.6-88.9%, followed by D. foeniculina at 66.7%, F. oxysporum at 55.6%, and A. alternata at 44.4%. The antifungal effects of boron compounds and various concentrations of PA (0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.5%; w/v) on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of five fungal pathogen isolates were investigated in vitro. Mycelial growth was completely inhibited by boric acid (0.12%), borax (0.1%), ethidote-67 (0.1%), and PA (1.5%). Additionally, boric acid (0.15%), borax (0.12%), Etidot-67 (0.12%), and PA (1.5%) significantly inhibited conidial germination. The EC50 values for mycelial growth ranged from 0.059% to 0.69%, and for conidial germination, from 0.065% to 0.82%. This is the first study investigating the antifungal activity of boron compounds and PA against fungal pathogens causing citrus fruit drop in Türkiye.

Keywords

Citrus Fungal pathogen Fruit drop Boron compounds Pyroligneous acid

Project Number

21.GAP.047

References

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Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Meyve Dökümüne Neden Olan Fungal Patojenlerin Tanısı ve Bazı Bileşiklerinin Antifungal Etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 1401 - 1413, 07.11.2024

Aysun Uysal , Şener Kurt , Soner Soylu , Merve Kara , Emine Mine Soylu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1457700
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinde turunçgil bahçelerinde meyve dökümüne neden olan fungal etmenlerin belirlenmesi ve bu patojenlere karşı bor bileşikleri ve pirolignöz asitin (PA) in vitro antifungal etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hatay’ın Erzin, Dörtyol, Arsuz ve Samandağ ilçelerinde yer alan portakal, mandarin, limon, greyfurt bahçelerinde yere dökülen meyvelerden toplam 30 adet izolat elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatlardan PDA besi yerinde hastalık izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Sonra bu izolatlardan mikroskop incelemeleri, DNA izolasyonu, PCR ve sekanslama çalışmaları ile teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Morfolojik ve moleküler tanılama çalışmaları sonucunda Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. karsti, Diaporthe foeniculina meyve dökümlerinden sorumlu hastalık etmenleri olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Yapılan patojenisite denemeleri sonucunda tüm fungal izolatlar patojen olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen fungal etmenler içerisinde en yüksek virülenslik %92.6-88.9 ile Colletotrichum spp., tarafından gösterilmiş olup bu türleri %66.7 ile D. foeniculina, %55.6 ile F. oxysporum ve %44.4 ile A. alternata türleri takip etmiştir. Bor bileşikleri ve PA’nın farklı konsantrasyonları (%0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.1, 0.12, 0.15, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7,1.0,1.5; w/v) elde edilen 5 fungal patojen izolatın misel gelişimi ve konidi çimlenmesi üzerindeki antifungal etkileri in vitro koşullarda araştırılmıştır. Fungal türlerin miseliyal gelişimi, farklı dozlarda borik asit (%0.12), boraks (%0.1), etidot-67 (%0.1) ve PA (%1.5) uygulamaları tarafından tamamen engellenmiştir. Öte yandan borik asit (%0.15), boraks (%0.12), Etidot-67 (%0.12) ve PA (%1.5) uygulamaları, izolatların konidi çimlenmesini önemli ölçüde engellemiştir. Elde edilen fungal türlere karşı EC50 değerleri, misel gelişimi için %0.059-0.69 ve konidi çimlenme için %0.065-0.82 arasında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de turunçgil meyve dökümlerine neden olan fungal hastalık etmenlerine karşı bor bileşikleri ve PA’nın antifungal etkinliğini araştıran ilk çalışmadır.

Keywords

Turunçgil Fungal patojen Meyve dökümü Bor bileşikleri Pirolignöz asit

Ethical Statement

Çalışmada herhangi bir anket çalışması yapılmadığı gibi, denemelerde insan ve hayvan denek kullanılmamıştır.

Supporting Institution

Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı

Project Number

21.GAP.047

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı tarafından finansal olarak desteklenmiş (Proje Numarası: 21.GAP.047), ve Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bitki Sağlığı Kliniği Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi laboratuvarlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir.

References

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  • Anonim, (2023). TUİK Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Alınma Tarihi: 30 Ocak 2024).
  • Apai, W., & Thongdeethae, S. (2002). Wood vinegar: new organic for Thai Agriculture. The 4th Toxicity Division Conference, Department of Agriculture, pp. 166-169.
  • Avcı, S.E. (2018). Yeni Kurulan Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Fungal Patojenlerin Belirlenmesi ve Çeşit Duyarlılıklarının Saptanması (Tez no 528953). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Baharom, N.A., Rahman, M.H.A., Shahrun, M.S., Suherman, F.H.S., & Masdar, S.N.M. (2020). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of wood vinegars fromcarambola, coconut shells and mango against selected plant pathogenic microorganisms. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 16(6), 438–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.21161/mjm.190652
  • Baimark, Y., & Niamsa, N. (2009). Study on wood vinegars for use as coagulating and antifungal agents on the production of natural rubber sheets. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 994-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.04.001
  • Batista, E., Lopes, A., & Alves, A. (2021). What Do We Know about Botryosphaeriaceae An Overview of a Worldwide Cured Dataset? Forests, 12, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030313
  • Bezerra, J.D.P., Crous, P.W., Aiello, D., Gullino, M.L. Polizzi, G., & Guarnaccia, V. (2021). Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated with Symptomatic Citrus Plants in Europe. Plants, 10, 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030492
  • Bishnoi, M., Parkash, J., & Khan, A. (2023). Citrus Fruit Drop: Causes and Management. Just Agriculture. 3(10), 115-120.
  • Boratyn, G.M, Camacho, C., Cooper, P.S, Coulouris, G., Fong, A., Ma, N., Madden, T.L., Matten. W.T., McGinnis, S.D., Merezhuk, Y., Raytselis, Y., Sayers, E.W., Tao, T., Ye, J., & Zaretskaya, I. (2013). BLAST: a more efficient report with usability improvements. Nucleic Acids Research, 41, 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt282
  • Bouket, A.C., Narmani, A., Tavasolee, A., Elyasi, G., Abdi, A., Naemi, S., Sharifi, K., Oszako, T., Alenezi, F.N., & Belbahri, L. (2022). In vitro evaluation of wood vinegar (Pyroligneous Acid) VOCs inhibitory effect against a fungus-like microorganism Ovatisporangium (Phytopythium) isolate recovered from tomato fields in Iran. Agronomy, 12, 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071609
  • Chalermsan, Y., & Peerapan, S. (2009). Wood vinegar: by-product from rural charcoal kiln and its role in plant protection. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, Special Issue, S189-S195. http://www.pyroligneousacid.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Wood-vinegar-a-by-product-from- rural-charcoal-kilns-and-its-role-in-plant-protection.pdf
  • Chen, Y.H, Li, YF, Wei, H., Li, X.X., Zheng, H.T., Dong, X.Y., Xu, T.F., & Meng J.F. (2020). Inhibition efficiency of wood vinegar on grey mould of table grapes. Food Bioscience, 38, 100-755.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100755
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Phytopathology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Aysun Uysal 0000-0002-9067-285X

Şener Kurt 0000-0003-4545-5968

Soner Soylu 0000-0003-1002-8958

Merve Kara 0000-0001-7320-3376

Emine Mine Soylu 0000-0001-5961-0848

Project Number 21.GAP.047
Early Pub Date August 15, 2024
Publication Date November 7, 2024
Submission Date March 23, 2024
Acceptance Date June 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Uysal, A., Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S., … Kara, M. (2024). Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Meyve Dökümüne Neden Olan Fungal Patojenlerin Tanısı ve Bazı Bileşiklerinin Antifungal Etkileri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(6), 1401-1413. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1457700

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