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The Effect of Biological Secondary Treated Domestic Wastewater on Agronomic Properties and Element Content of Some Forage Plants

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 463 - 474, 31.12.2024

Ösmetullah Arvas , İhsan Taslı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1404764

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect of advanced biological treated domestic wastewater on the agronomic properties and nutritional content of some forage crops, as a result of the increasing interest in using treated wastewater in agriculture. The study of diluting biologically treated domestic wastewater with varying amounts of pure water 25%, 50%, and 75% pure water, and applied to crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum Geartn), orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at field capacity. The trial plants used were alfalfa, orchard grass, and crested wheatgrass. The application of the diluted wastewater influenced the height of all three plants. After the first cutting, both alfalfa and orchard grass had increased green and dry weights per pot, with the most significant increase observed in alfalfa. The application of wastewater resulted in an increase in nutrient and metal concentrations in all three plants. Additionally, the concentration of selenium decreased in alfalfa and crested wheatgrass. The diluted wastewater did not affect the calcium concentration in alfalfa. However, it had a positive effect on the relationship between orchard grass and all elements, except for selenium which had a negative effect. Moreover, the application of wastewater led to an increase in soil organic matter and electrical conductivity, while decreasing the pH with increasing wastewater ratio. Moreover, the application of wastewater led to an increase in soil organic matter and electrical conductivity, while decreasing the pH with increasing wastewater ratio. The concentration of nutrients and metals was significantly affected by the application of diluted domestic water. This was due to the increased uptake of plant elements, which in turn was associated with responses in soil organic matter and electrical conductivity. It may be advisable to conduct long-term field studies to determine the dilution rate at which the salinity risk threshold can be established.

Keywords

Salinity Nutrients Effluent Alfalfa Grass

References

  • Aghtape, A.A., Ghanbari A., Sirousmehr A., Siahsar B., Asgharipour M., & Abolfazl, T.A (2011). Effect of irrigation with wastewater and foliar fertilizer application on some forage characteristics of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica). International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 3(3), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPPB.9000014 Agrawal, V., Bhagat R., & Thikare, N. (2014). Impact of domestic sewage for irrigation on properties of soil. International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology 1(5) 60-64. DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i44/105262
  • Altın, M., Tekeli, A.S., & Nizam, İ. (2009). Ayrıklar, buğdaygil ve diğer familyalardan yem bitkileri. Avcıoğlu R. Hatipoğlu R. Karadağ Y. (Edit.), Ayrıklar (ss. 573-592). Cilt III. TÜGEM, Emre Basımevi, İzmir.
  • Anonim, (2024). Tarım İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğünde üretilen sertifikalı tohumluklar. https://www.tigem.gov.tr/Files/Sertifikal%C4%B1_Hububat_Tohumu.pdf. ( Alınma Tarihi 18.01.2024). Anonim, (2023). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2023-49535. (Alınma Tarihi 10.12.2023).
  • Arvas Ö. & Zorer Çelebi Ş. (2023). Effect of addition of secondary-treated domestic sewage sludge to diammonium phosphate fertilizer on element content of artificial pasture herbage and their availability in soil. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 21(1),651-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2101_651663
  • Arvas, Ö., Yağan, F., &Yeşilova, A. (2022). The effects of secondary treatment on nodulation of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and nutrients supply in domestic wastewater. Applied Ecology And Environmental Research, 20(6), 4951-4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2006_49514969
  • Avcı, M. A. & Doğrusöz, M. (2012). Çim türlerine uygulanan biçim yüksekliğinin bazı bitkisel özellikler üzerine etkisi . Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2) , 122-125 .
  • Avcıoğlu, R. (1996). Çayır Mera Bitki Topluluklarının Özellikleri ve İncelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No.: 466, İzmir.
  • Aşık, B.B. & Özsoy G. (2016). The use of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation and potential risks. Works of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Sarajevo, 61(661), 198-203.
  • Becerra-Castro, C., Lopes, A. R., Vaz-Moreira, I., Silva, E. F., Manaia, C. M., & Nunes, O. C. (2015). Wastewater reuse in irrigation: A microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. Environment International 75: 117-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.001
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils 1. Agronomy Journal, 43 :434–438.
  • Chavvel, B., Munier-Jolain, N.M., Grandgirard, D. & Gueritaine, G. (2002), Effect of vernalization on the development and growth of Alopecurus myosuroides. Weed Research, 42(2), 166-175. https://doi.org/ 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00276.x
  • Corches, M. & Moisuc, A. (2010). Exterorization of production charecters under the influence of climatic conditions from timisora in some foreign varieties of Dactylis glomerata. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(1), 405-410.
  • Du, Y., Fang, K., Zhao, D., Liu, Q., Xu, Z., & Peng, J. (2022). How far are we from possible ideal virtual water transfer? Evidence from assessing vulnerability of global virtual water trade. The Science of the total environment, 828, 154493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154493
  • Erdoğan R., Mansuroğlu S., Atik M., & Gülyavuz P, (2009). Turizm kentlerinde suyun yeniden kullanımı: Antalya Örneği. 1. Kuraklık ve Çölleşme Sempozyumu, Konya, Türkiye, 16-18 Haziran 2009, ss 847-854.
  • Erbeyi, B. (2022). Bazı Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Çeşitlerinin Ot Verimi ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 36(2), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1011280
  • FAO (2017) World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2020: Summary Report. https://openknowledge. fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/9ddf4aab-bc18-4d48-aeb6-ab14efaed1fd/content (Alınma Tarihi: 18.06.22)
  • Frame,J.(2005). Medicago sativa L. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818223220/ http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/gb…
  • Gao, Y., Shao, G., Wu, S., Xiaojun, W., Lu, J., & Cui, J. (2021). Changes in soil salinity under treated wastewater irrigation: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106986 Great Basin Seed (2023, December 22). https://greatbasinseeds.com/
  • Kacar, B. & Katkat, A. V. (2009). Gübrler ve Gübreleme Tekniği. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 559 sy. Khan, D. H. & Frankland, B. (1983). Chemical forms of cadmium and lead in some contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical, 6(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143- 148X(83)90027-7
  • Khan, F. Z.& , Avarı, Z. (2024). Assessing the efficacy of moringa, neem, and tulsi in remediation of sewage water: A comparative study. KSÜ Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27 (Ek Sayı 1 (Suppl 1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1447179
  • Koç, A. & Gökkuş, A. (1996). Palandöken dağlarında kayak pisti olarak kullanılan ve nispeten korunan mera ile otlatılan meranın bitki örtülerinin karşılaştırılması. Türkiye 3. Çayır-Mera ve Yem Bitkileri Kongresi, Erzurum, Turkiye, 17-19 Haziran 1996, ss.162.
  • Levy, D. & Tai, G. C. C. (2013). Differential response of potatoes (solanum tuberosum l.) to salinity in an arid environment and field performance of the seed tubers grown with fresh water in the following season. Agricultural Water Management, 116 (1), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.022
  • Lv, Y., Wang, J., Yin, M., Kang, Y., Ma, Y., Jia, Q., Qi, G., Jiang, Y., Lu, Q., & Chen, X. (2023). Effects of planting and nitrogen application patterns on alfalfa yield, quality, water–nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits in the yellow river irrigation region of Gansu province, China. Water, 15(2), 251. https:// doi.org/10.3390/w15020251
  • Matheyarasu, R., Seshadri, B., Kumar, P., Shilpi, S., Bolan, N.S., & Naidu, R.et al. (2017). The effect of wastewater irrigation rate on dry matter yield of selected field crops. International Journal of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 3(3),1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2381-5299.142.
  • Mojiri, A., Jalalian, A., & Radnezhad, H. (2011). Effects of urban wastewater treatments on chemical properties of saline and alkaline soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(3),222-228.
  • McLean, E.O. (1982). Soil pH and Lime Requirement. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., Eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Agronomy Monograph Number 9, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 199-224. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1338069
  • Ngara, R., Ndimba, R., Borch-Jensen, J., Jensen, O. N., & Ndimba, B. (2012). Identification and profiling of salinity stress-responsive proteins in Sorghum bicolor seedlings. Journal of Proteomics, 75(13), 4139-4150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.038
  • Osman, H. & Hashemi, M. (2017). Metal Accumulation in soil and forage crops irrigated with treated wastewater. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(4), 199-213.
  • Phasinam, K., Kassanuk, T., Shinde, P. P., Thakar, C. M., Sharma, D. K., Mohiddin, M. K., & Rahmani, A. W. (2022). Application of iot and cloud computing in automation of agriculture irrigation. Journal of Food Quality, Cilt 2022, 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8285969.
  • Perez, C.F., Madera-Parra, C.A., Echeverri-Sanchez A.F., & Urrutia- Cobo, N. (2015). Wastewater reuse: Impact the chemical and macronutritional attributes of an inceptisol irrigated with treated domestic wastewater. Ingenieriay Competitividad, 17(2), 19-28.
  • Rahman, M.M., Hagare, D., & Maheshwari, B. (2016). Use of recycled water for irrigation of open spaces: Benefits and risks. In: Maheshwari, B., Thoradeniya, B., Singh, V.P. (eds) balanced urban development: options and strategies for liveable cities. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 72. Springer, Cham. 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28112-4_17
  • Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline alkali soils, agriculture, 160, Handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
  • Rusan, M. J. M., Hinnawi, S., & Laith Rousan, L. (2007). Long term effect of wastewater irrigation of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination, 215(1–3), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.10.032
  • Shahrivar, A.A., Rahman, M.M., Hagare, D., & Maheshwari, B. (2019). Variation in kikuyu grass yield in response to irrigation with secondary and advanced treated wastewaters. Agricultural Water Management, 222, 375-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.06.012
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İleri Biyolojik Evsel Atık Suyunun Bazı Yem Bitkilerinin Tarımsal Özellikleri ve Element İçeriklerine Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 463 - 474, 31.12.2024

Ösmetullah Arvas , İhsan Taslı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1404764

Abstract

Bu çalışma, arıtılmış atık suların tarımda kullanımına olan ilginin artmasına sonucunda, evsel ileri biyolojik atık suyunun bazı yem bitkilerinin tarımsal ve besin içeriğine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Biyolojik işlemlerle arıtılan evsel atık su, saf su ile seyreltilerek otlak ayrığı (Agropyron cristatum Geartn), domuz ayrığı (Dactylis glomerata L.) ve yoncanın (Medicago sativa L.) bazı tarımsal özellikleri ve element içerikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Atık su %25, %50 ve %75 oranlarında saf su ile seyreltilerek tarla kapasitesine göre saksılara uygulanmıştır. Seyreltilmiş atık su uygulamasının otlak ayrığı, domuz ayrığı ve yoncanın bitki boyuna etkisi önemli olmuştur. İlk biçmeden itibaren yonca ve domuz ayrığının saksı başına yeşil ve kuru ağırlıkları artmış, en belirgin artış ise yoncada belirlenmiştir. Seyreltik arıtma suyu oranları üç bitkide de besin elementi ve metal konsantrasyonlarının artmasına neden olurken, yonca ve otlak ayrığında Se konsantrasyonunun azalmasına neden olmuştur. Her iki buğdaygil türünden farklı olarak atıksu oranı yonca Ca konsantrasyonunu önemli ölçüde etkilememiştir. Seyreltik atık su domuz ayrığının tüm elementlerle ilişkisini önemli ve pozitif olarak etkilerken, Se ile negatif yönde etkilemiştir. Atık su seyreltme oranlarının artmasıyla toprağın organik maddesi ve elektriksel iletkenlik ile toprak pH’sı düşmüştür. Seyreltilmiş evsel su uygulaması, toprağın organik maddesi ve elektriksel iletkenlik tepkileriyle ilişkili olarak bitki elementi alımının artmasına aracılık ederek besin ve metal konsantrasyonlarında önemli rol oynamıştır. Tuzluluk risk eşiğinin belirlenebileceği sulandırma oranı için, uzun süreli arazi çalışmalarının yapılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

tuzluluk Arıtma suyu Yonca Besin elementleri Buğdaygil

Thanks

Van Büyük şehir Belediyesi Edremit TOKİ arıtma tesisinden haftalık atıksu almamıza imkan veren, VASKİ Genel Müdürlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Aghtape, A.A., Ghanbari A., Sirousmehr A., Siahsar B., Asgharipour M., & Abolfazl, T.A (2011). Effect of irrigation with wastewater and foliar fertilizer application on some forage characteristics of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica). International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 3(3), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPPB.9000014 Agrawal, V., Bhagat R., & Thikare, N. (2014). Impact of domestic sewage for irrigation on properties of soil. International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology 1(5) 60-64. DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i44/105262
  • Altın, M., Tekeli, A.S., & Nizam, İ. (2009). Ayrıklar, buğdaygil ve diğer familyalardan yem bitkileri. Avcıoğlu R. Hatipoğlu R. Karadağ Y. (Edit.), Ayrıklar (ss. 573-592). Cilt III. TÜGEM, Emre Basımevi, İzmir.
  • Anonim, (2024). Tarım İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğünde üretilen sertifikalı tohumluklar. https://www.tigem.gov.tr/Files/Sertifikal%C4%B1_Hububat_Tohumu.pdf. ( Alınma Tarihi 18.01.2024). Anonim, (2023). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2023-49535. (Alınma Tarihi 10.12.2023).
  • Arvas Ö. & Zorer Çelebi Ş. (2023). Effect of addition of secondary-treated domestic sewage sludge to diammonium phosphate fertilizer on element content of artificial pasture herbage and their availability in soil. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 21(1),651-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2101_651663
  • Arvas, Ö., Yağan, F., &Yeşilova, A. (2022). The effects of secondary treatment on nodulation of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and nutrients supply in domestic wastewater. Applied Ecology And Environmental Research, 20(6), 4951-4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2006_49514969
  • Avcı, M. A. & Doğrusöz, M. (2012). Çim türlerine uygulanan biçim yüksekliğinin bazı bitkisel özellikler üzerine etkisi . Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2) , 122-125 .
  • Avcıoğlu, R. (1996). Çayır Mera Bitki Topluluklarının Özellikleri ve İncelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No.: 466, İzmir.
  • Aşık, B.B. & Özsoy G. (2016). The use of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation and potential risks. Works of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Sarajevo, 61(661), 198-203.
  • Becerra-Castro, C., Lopes, A. R., Vaz-Moreira, I., Silva, E. F., Manaia, C. M., & Nunes, O. C. (2015). Wastewater reuse in irrigation: A microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. Environment International 75: 117-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.001
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils 1. Agronomy Journal, 43 :434–438.
  • Chavvel, B., Munier-Jolain, N.M., Grandgirard, D. & Gueritaine, G. (2002), Effect of vernalization on the development and growth of Alopecurus myosuroides. Weed Research, 42(2), 166-175. https://doi.org/ 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00276.x
  • Corches, M. & Moisuc, A. (2010). Exterorization of production charecters under the influence of climatic conditions from timisora in some foreign varieties of Dactylis glomerata. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(1), 405-410.
  • Du, Y., Fang, K., Zhao, D., Liu, Q., Xu, Z., & Peng, J. (2022). How far are we from possible ideal virtual water transfer? Evidence from assessing vulnerability of global virtual water trade. The Science of the total environment, 828, 154493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154493
  • Erdoğan R., Mansuroğlu S., Atik M., & Gülyavuz P, (2009). Turizm kentlerinde suyun yeniden kullanımı: Antalya Örneği. 1. Kuraklık ve Çölleşme Sempozyumu, Konya, Türkiye, 16-18 Haziran 2009, ss 847-854.
  • Erbeyi, B. (2022). Bazı Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Çeşitlerinin Ot Verimi ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 36(2), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1011280
  • FAO (2017) World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2020: Summary Report. https://openknowledge. fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/9ddf4aab-bc18-4d48-aeb6-ab14efaed1fd/content (Alınma Tarihi: 18.06.22)
  • Frame,J.(2005). Medicago sativa L. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818223220/ http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/gb…
  • Gao, Y., Shao, G., Wu, S., Xiaojun, W., Lu, J., & Cui, J. (2021). Changes in soil salinity under treated wastewater irrigation: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106986 Great Basin Seed (2023, December 22). https://greatbasinseeds.com/
  • Kacar, B. & Katkat, A. V. (2009). Gübrler ve Gübreleme Tekniği. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 559 sy. Khan, D. H. & Frankland, B. (1983). Chemical forms of cadmium and lead in some contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical, 6(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143- 148X(83)90027-7
  • Khan, F. Z.& , Avarı, Z. (2024). Assessing the efficacy of moringa, neem, and tulsi in remediation of sewage water: A comparative study. KSÜ Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27 (Ek Sayı 1 (Suppl 1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1447179
  • Koç, A. & Gökkuş, A. (1996). Palandöken dağlarında kayak pisti olarak kullanılan ve nispeten korunan mera ile otlatılan meranın bitki örtülerinin karşılaştırılması. Türkiye 3. Çayır-Mera ve Yem Bitkileri Kongresi, Erzurum, Turkiye, 17-19 Haziran 1996, ss.162.
  • Levy, D. & Tai, G. C. C. (2013). Differential response of potatoes (solanum tuberosum l.) to salinity in an arid environment and field performance of the seed tubers grown with fresh water in the following season. Agricultural Water Management, 116 (1), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.022
  • Lv, Y., Wang, J., Yin, M., Kang, Y., Ma, Y., Jia, Q., Qi, G., Jiang, Y., Lu, Q., & Chen, X. (2023). Effects of planting and nitrogen application patterns on alfalfa yield, quality, water–nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits in the yellow river irrigation region of Gansu province, China. Water, 15(2), 251. https:// doi.org/10.3390/w15020251
  • Matheyarasu, R., Seshadri, B., Kumar, P., Shilpi, S., Bolan, N.S., & Naidu, R.et al. (2017). The effect of wastewater irrigation rate on dry matter yield of selected field crops. International Journal of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 3(3),1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2381-5299.142.
  • Mojiri, A., Jalalian, A., & Radnezhad, H. (2011). Effects of urban wastewater treatments on chemical properties of saline and alkaline soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(3),222-228.
  • McLean, E.O. (1982). Soil pH and Lime Requirement. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., Eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Agronomy Monograph Number 9, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 199-224. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1338069
  • Ngara, R., Ndimba, R., Borch-Jensen, J., Jensen, O. N., & Ndimba, B. (2012). Identification and profiling of salinity stress-responsive proteins in Sorghum bicolor seedlings. Journal of Proteomics, 75(13), 4139-4150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.038
  • Osman, H. & Hashemi, M. (2017). Metal Accumulation in soil and forage crops irrigated with treated wastewater. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(4), 199-213.
  • Phasinam, K., Kassanuk, T., Shinde, P. P., Thakar, C. M., Sharma, D. K., Mohiddin, M. K., & Rahmani, A. W. (2022). Application of iot and cloud computing in automation of agriculture irrigation. Journal of Food Quality, Cilt 2022, 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8285969.
  • Perez, C.F., Madera-Parra, C.A., Echeverri-Sanchez A.F., & Urrutia- Cobo, N. (2015). Wastewater reuse: Impact the chemical and macronutritional attributes of an inceptisol irrigated with treated domestic wastewater. Ingenieriay Competitividad, 17(2), 19-28.
  • Rahman, M.M., Hagare, D., & Maheshwari, B. (2016). Use of recycled water for irrigation of open spaces: Benefits and risks. In: Maheshwari, B., Thoradeniya, B., Singh, V.P. (eds) balanced urban development: options and strategies for liveable cities. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 72. Springer, Cham. 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28112-4_17
  • Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline alkali soils, agriculture, 160, Handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
  • Rusan, M. J. M., Hinnawi, S., & Laith Rousan, L. (2007). Long term effect of wastewater irrigation of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination, 215(1–3), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.10.032
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There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Crop and Pasture Waste Water Use
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ösmetullah Arvas 0000-0001-8713-2388

İhsan Taslı 0009-0003-4746-1453

Early Pub Date December 19, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date January 23, 2024
Acceptance Date July 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2)

Cite

APA Arvas, Ö., & Taslı, İ. (2024). The Effect of Biological Secondary Treated Domestic Wastewater on Agronomic Properties and Element Content of Some Forage Plants. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1404764
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