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Soil Nematode Community Analysis of Four Chickpea Cultivated Areas in Aksaray, Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 182 - 190, 12.02.2025

Ayşenur Yılmaz , Yasemin Saraçoğlu , Taylan Çakmak , Uğur Gözel

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1577590

Abstract

This study investigates soil nematode communities in four distinct chickpea cultivation areas in Aksaray, Türkiye, to understand their composition, ecological functions, and impact on soil health. Chickpeas, as the nitrogen-fixing crop, play a vital role in sustainable agriculture, supporting soil health and providing economic benefits in rural areas. Soil nematodes, however, including plant-parasitic types like root-knot and lesion nematodes, pose risks to chickpea yield by damaging root systems, thus necessitating effective management strategies. The research took place from May to December 2023 at Düzce University’s Nematology Laboratory. Soil samples from four locations (Akgülü, Bağınbaşı, Camili and Göllü) in Aksaray were collected and using the Baermann funnel technique nematodes were exracted. Nematode identification and ecological parameter analyses used for nematode-based biological monitoring were conducted with light microscopy and structured taxonomic keys. The study grouped the nematodes based on feeding behaviors, showing distinct profiles across locations: bacterivores dominated in Akgülü, while Bağınbaşı had a higher prevalence of plant-parasitic nematodes, suggesting soil biodiversity challenges. Analysis of soil food webs indicated a stressed ecosystem in Akgülü and enriched, structured soil in Bağınbaşı, as shown by higher enrichment and structure index values. These patterns highlight the effects of soil management on nematode communities, with biodiversity directly linked to soil health and chickpea productivity. Findings emphasize that integrated pest management, including crop rotation and resistant chickpea varieties, is essential to mitigate the effects of nematodes. The study provides insights into nematode-driven soil dynamics and underscores the need for further research on nematode impacts in various agroecosystems, particularly for sustainable chickpea cultivation.

Keywords

Community analysis Ecology Nematode diversity

References

  • Andrássy, I. (2002). Free-living nematodes from the Fertő-Hanság national park, Hungary. The fauna of the Fertő-Hanság National Park, 21-97.
  • Andrássy, I. S. T. V. Á. N. (2005). Free-living nematodes of Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, 724, 725.
  • Baermann, G. (1917). Eine einfache methode zur auffindung von Ancylostomum (Nematoden) larven in erdproben. Geneeskd Tijdschr Ned Indie, 57, 131-137.
  • Behmand, T., & Elekcioğlu, I. H. (2022). The effects of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei) on rhizobium bacteria of chickpea plant. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(3), 521-527. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.956915.
  • Behmand, T., Uludamar, E. B. K., & Elekcioğlu, I. (2022). Vertical distribution of Root Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)) and Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on Chickpea Growing Areas in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(2), 282-291. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.887744.
  • Bongers T. (1990). The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia. 83(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00324627.
  • Bongers T., Ferris H. 1999. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 14(6), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01583-3.
  • De Ley, P., & Blaxter, M. L. (2004). A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Nematology, Tenerife, Spain, 8-13 June 2002, pp. 633-653.
  • Dellal, İ., & Unuvar, F. İ., (2019). Effect of climate change on food supply of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Protectıon and Ecology, 20(2), 692-700.
  • Devasirvatham, V., & Tan, D. K. (2018). Impact of high temperature and drought stresses on chickpea production. Agronomy, 8(8), 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080145.
  • Du Preez, G., Daneel, M., De Goede, R., Du Toit, M. J., Ferris, H., Fourie, H., ... & Schmidt, J. H. (2022). Nematode-based indices in soil ecology: Application, utility, and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 169, 108640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108640.
  • Elmalı, M., (2002). Anadolu'nun Batı Yarısında Bazı İllerde Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae)'nin Yayılışı ve Zarar Derecesi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 26(2), 105-114. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/17841.
  • Evlice, E., & Bayram, Ş. (2016). Identification of root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.)(Nemata: Meloidogynidae) in the potato fields of Central Anatolia (Turkey) using molecular and morphological methods. Turkish bulletin of entomology, 6(4), 339-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.89808
  • Ferris, H. O. W. A. R. D., & Bongers, T. (2009). Indices developed specifically for analysis of nematode assemblages. In Nematodes as environmental indicators Wallingford UK: CABI, pp. 124-145. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845933852.0124.
  • Ferris, H., Bongers, T., & de Goede, R. G. (2001). A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied soil ecology, 18(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4.
  • Hodda, M., Ocana, A., & Traunspurger, W. (2006). Nematodes from extreme freshwater habitats. In Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. Wallingford UK: CABI Publishing, pp. 179-210. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851990095.0179.
  • Hugot, J. P., Baujard, P., & Morand, S. (2001). Biodiversity in helminths and nematodes as a field of study: an overview. Nematology, 3(3), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854101750413270.
  • Merga, B., & Haji, J. (2019). Economic importance of chickpea: Production, value, and world trade. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5(1), 1615718. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718.
  • Muehlbauer, F. J., & Sarker, A. (2017). Economic importance of chickpea: production, value, and world trade. The chickpea genome, 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66117-9_2.
  • Perry, R. N., Moens, M., & Jones, J. T. (Eds.). (2024). Plant nematology. CABI.
  • Powell, J. R. (2007). Linking soil organisms within food webs to ecosystem functioning and environmental change. Advances in Agronomy, 96, 307-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(07)96007-1.
  • Sonmezoglu, O. A., Yavuzaslanoglu, E., Akar, Z., Ocal, A., Genç, N., & Terzi, B. (2020). Molecular characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic in Turkey. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 127, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-019-00288-8.
  • Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., & de Goede, R. G. (2014). NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61, 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2014.02.004.
  • Yeates GW, Bongers T, De Goede RGM, Freckman DW, Georgieva SS. (1993). Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25(3), 315–331. https://journals.flvc.org/jon/article/view/66508.
  • Yeates, G. W. (2007). Abundance, diversity, and resilience of nematode assemblages in forest soils. Canadian journal of forest research, 37(2), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-172.
  • Yoder, M., De Ley, I. T., King, I. W., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Mann, J., Blaxter, M., ... & De Ley, P. (2006). DESS: a versatile solution for preserving morphology and extractable DNA of nematodes. Nematology, 8(3), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854106778493448.

Türkiye Aksaray’da Nohut Yetiştirilen Dört Alanda Toprak Nematod Topluluklarının Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 182 - 190, 12.02.2025

Ayşenur Yılmaz , Yasemin Saraçoğlu , Taylan Çakmak , Uğur Gözel

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1577590

Abstract

Toprak nematod topluluklarının, kompozisyonları, ekolojik işlevleri ve toprak sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Nohut, azot bağlayıcı bir ürün olarak sürdürülebilir tarımda hayati rol oynamakta, toprak sağlığını desteklemekte ve kırsal alanlarda ekonomik faydalar sağlamaktadır. Ancak kök-ur ve lezyon nematodları gibi bitki paraziti türleri içeren toprak nematodları, kök sistemine zarar vererek nohut verimi için risk oluşturmakta ve bu nedenle etkili yönetim stratejilerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın analizleri Mayıs-Aralık 2023 tarihlerinde Düzce Üniversitesi Nematoloji Laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Aksaray iline ait dört lokasyondan (Akgüüu, Bağınbaşı, Camili ve Göllü) toprak örnekleri toplanmış ve nematodları topraktan elde etmek için Baermann huni tekniği kullanılmıştır. Nematodların tanılanması ve ekolojik parametre analizleri, ışık mikroskobu ve yapılandırılmış bir taksonomik teşhis anahtarı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, nematodları beslenme davranışlarına göre kategorize etmiş ve lokasyonlar arasında farklı profiller göstermiştir: Akgülü’de bakteriovor nematodlar baskınken, Bağınbaşı’nda bitki-parazit nematodların daha yüksek oranda bulunduğu ve bu durumun toprak biyoçeşitliliği açısından zorluklar oluşturabileceği görülmüştür. Toprak besin ağlarının analizi, Akgülü’de stres altında bir ekosistemi, Bağınbaşı’nda ise daha zengin ve yapısal olarak düzenlenmiş bir toprak yapısını göstermiştir; bu durum, daha yüksek zenginleşme ve yapı indeks değerleri ile ortaya konmuştur. Bu modeller, toprak yönetiminin nematod toplulukları üzerindeki etkilerini vurgulamakta ve biyoçeşitliliğin toprak sağlığı ve nohut verimliliği ile doğrudan bağlantılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, nematodların etkilerini azaltmak için ürün rotasyonu ve dayanıklı nohut çeşitleri de dahil olmak üzere entegre zararlı yönetiminin gerekli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, Aksaray ilindeki bazı nohut ekilmiş alanlardaki nematod kaynaklı toprak dinamikleri hakkında fikir vermekte ve özellikle sürdürülebilir nohut yetiştiriciliği için farklı agroekosistemlerde nematod etkileri üzerine daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Topluluk analizi Ekoloji Nematod çeşitliliği

References

  • Andrássy, I. (2002). Free-living nematodes from the Fertő-Hanság national park, Hungary. The fauna of the Fertő-Hanság National Park, 21-97.
  • Andrássy, I. S. T. V. Á. N. (2005). Free-living nematodes of Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, 724, 725.
  • Baermann, G. (1917). Eine einfache methode zur auffindung von Ancylostomum (Nematoden) larven in erdproben. Geneeskd Tijdschr Ned Indie, 57, 131-137.
  • Behmand, T., & Elekcioğlu, I. H. (2022). The effects of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei) on rhizobium bacteria of chickpea plant. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(3), 521-527. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.956915.
  • Behmand, T., Uludamar, E. B. K., & Elekcioğlu, I. (2022). Vertical distribution of Root Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)) and Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on Chickpea Growing Areas in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(2), 282-291. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.887744.
  • Bongers T. (1990). The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia. 83(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00324627.
  • Bongers T., Ferris H. 1999. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 14(6), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01583-3.
  • De Ley, P., & Blaxter, M. L. (2004). A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Nematology, Tenerife, Spain, 8-13 June 2002, pp. 633-653.
  • Dellal, İ., & Unuvar, F. İ., (2019). Effect of climate change on food supply of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Protectıon and Ecology, 20(2), 692-700.
  • Devasirvatham, V., & Tan, D. K. (2018). Impact of high temperature and drought stresses on chickpea production. Agronomy, 8(8), 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080145.
  • Du Preez, G., Daneel, M., De Goede, R., Du Toit, M. J., Ferris, H., Fourie, H., ... & Schmidt, J. H. (2022). Nematode-based indices in soil ecology: Application, utility, and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 169, 108640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108640.
  • Elmalı, M., (2002). Anadolu'nun Batı Yarısında Bazı İllerde Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae)'nin Yayılışı ve Zarar Derecesi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 26(2), 105-114. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/17841.
  • Evlice, E., & Bayram, Ş. (2016). Identification of root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.)(Nemata: Meloidogynidae) in the potato fields of Central Anatolia (Turkey) using molecular and morphological methods. Turkish bulletin of entomology, 6(4), 339-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.89808
  • Ferris, H. O. W. A. R. D., & Bongers, T. (2009). Indices developed specifically for analysis of nematode assemblages. In Nematodes as environmental indicators Wallingford UK: CABI, pp. 124-145. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845933852.0124.
  • Ferris, H., Bongers, T., & de Goede, R. G. (2001). A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied soil ecology, 18(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4.
  • Hodda, M., Ocana, A., & Traunspurger, W. (2006). Nematodes from extreme freshwater habitats. In Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. Wallingford UK: CABI Publishing, pp. 179-210. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851990095.0179.
  • Hugot, J. P., Baujard, P., & Morand, S. (2001). Biodiversity in helminths and nematodes as a field of study: an overview. Nematology, 3(3), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854101750413270.
  • Merga, B., & Haji, J. (2019). Economic importance of chickpea: Production, value, and world trade. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5(1), 1615718. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718.
  • Muehlbauer, F. J., & Sarker, A. (2017). Economic importance of chickpea: production, value, and world trade. The chickpea genome, 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66117-9_2.
  • Perry, R. N., Moens, M., & Jones, J. T. (Eds.). (2024). Plant nematology. CABI.
  • Powell, J. R. (2007). Linking soil organisms within food webs to ecosystem functioning and environmental change. Advances in Agronomy, 96, 307-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(07)96007-1.
  • Sonmezoglu, O. A., Yavuzaslanoglu, E., Akar, Z., Ocal, A., Genç, N., & Terzi, B. (2020). Molecular characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic in Turkey. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 127, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-019-00288-8.
  • Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., & de Goede, R. G. (2014). NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61, 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2014.02.004.
  • Yeates GW, Bongers T, De Goede RGM, Freckman DW, Georgieva SS. (1993). Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25(3), 315–331. https://journals.flvc.org/jon/article/view/66508.
  • Yeates, G. W. (2007). Abundance, diversity, and resilience of nematode assemblages in forest soils. Canadian journal of forest research, 37(2), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-172.
  • Yoder, M., De Ley, I. T., King, I. W., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Mann, J., Blaxter, M., ... & De Ley, P. (2006). DESS: a versatile solution for preserving morphology and extractable DNA of nematodes. Nematology, 8(3), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854106778493448.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nematology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ayşenur Yılmaz 0000-0002-3873-6537

Yasemin Saraçoğlu 0009-0007-5664-3987

Taylan Çakmak 0000-0003-4151-5724

Uğur Gözel 0000-0003-1363-1189

Early Pub Date January 30, 2025
Publication Date February 12, 2025
Submission Date November 1, 2024
Acceptance Date December 25, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, A., Saraçoğlu, Y., Çakmak, T., Gözel, U. (2025). Soil Nematode Community Analysis of Four Chickpea Cultivated Areas in Aksaray, Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(1), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1577590
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