A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species

Asuman Karadeniz Pekgöz

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934

EN TR

A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species

Abstract

In recent years, plants with bioactive properties as well as nutritional value have been densely researched. Asteraceae, the most species-rich family of flowering plants, includes numerous wild species most of which are consumed as bioactive compound-rich vegetables and herbal teas. In this study, radical scavenging, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activity as well as phenolic content of some Mediterranean Asteraceae species, Calendula arvensis, Cichorium intybus subsp. intybus, Glebionis coronaria, Scolymus hispanicus, and Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. longirostris, were investigated. As a result, C. intybus, G. coronaria, and S. hispanicus extracts have higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity than that of the others (P<0.05). The highest superoxide radical scavenging activity and the highest gallic acid equivalent total phenolic content were detected in G. coronaria extract. The highest catechin equivalent total flavonoid content was found in C. intybus and S. hispanicus extracts, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that the extracts contained various levels of phenolic acids and quercetin. C. intybus, S. hispanicus, and T. porrifolius extracts inhibited the growth of both gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella enterica subp. enterica and Escherichia coli. (Minimal inhibitory concentration = 4 mg mL1). All the concentrations of gallic acid (as a positive control) and 4 g L1 concentrations of C. arvensis, S. hispanicus and T. porrifolius extracts showed severe inhibition on garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings.

Keywords

Akdeniz Bölgesi’nden Beş Asteraceae Türünün Biyoaktif Potansiyeli ve Fenolik Profili Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Besin değerinin yanısıra biyoaktif özellikleri de olan bitkiler son yıllarda oldukça yoğun araştırılmaktadır. Tür çeşitliliği bakımından çiçekli bitkilerin en zengin familyası olan Asteraceae çoğu sebze ve bitki çayı olarak tüketilen ve biyoaktif bileşiklerce zengin olan birçok yabani tür içerir. Bu çalışmada, Calendula arvensis, Cichorium intybus subsp. intybus, Glebionis coronaria, Scolymus hispanicus ve Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. longirostris türlerinin radikal süpürücü, antibakteriyel ve fitotoksik aktivitesi ile fenolik içerikleri araştırıldı. Sonuç olarak C. intybus, G. coronaria ve S. hispanicus ekstraktları diğerlerinden daha yüksek 2,2-difenil-1-pikril-hidrazil radikali süpürücü aktivite gösterdi (P<0.05). En yüksek süperoksit radikali süpürücü aktivite ve gallik aside eşdeğer toplam fenolik madde G. coronaria ekstraktında gözlendi. En yüksek kateşine eşdeğer toplam flavonoid miktarı sırasıyla C. intybus ve S. hispanicus ekstraktlarında gözlendi. Yüksek Basınçlı Sıvı Kromatografi analizleri ekstraktların çeşitli düzeylerde fenolik asitler ve kuersetin içerdiğini gösterdi. C. intybus, S. hispanicus ve T. porrifolius ekstraktları hem gram-pozitif (Listeria monocytogenes ve Staphylococcus aureus) hem de gram-negatif (Salmonella enterica subp. enterica ve Escherichia coli) bakterilerin büyümesini inhibe etti (Minimal İnhibitör Konsantrasyon = 4 mg mL1). Gallik asidin (pozitif kontrol) bütün konsantrasyonları ile C. arvensis, S. hispanicus ve T. porrifolius’un 4 g L1 konsantrasyonları tere (Lepidium sativum L.) fideleri üzerinde şiddetli inhibisyon gösterdi.

Keywords

Thanks

I would like to thank Dr. İsmail Kayagil (Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Burdur) for his technical support and Dr. İlker Çinbilgel (Akdeniz University, Manavgat Tourism Faculty, Department of Tourism Guidance, Antalya) for his support in the authentication of the plant species.

References

Abbas, Z. K., Saggu, S., Sakeran, M. I., Zidan, N., Rehman, H.,  Ansari, A. A. (2014). Phytochemical, antioxidant and mineral composition of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 22, 322-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.sjbs.2014.11.015
Abdalla, M. A.,  Zidorn, C. (2020). The genus Tragopogon (Asteraceae): A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 250, 112466. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112466
Abdelgaleil, S. A. M., Saad, M. M. G., Ariefta, N. R.,  Shiono, Y. (2020). Antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites from Haplophyllum tuberculatum and Chrysanthemum coronarium. South African Journal of Botany, 128, 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.10.005
Bakour, M., Campos, M. G., Imtara, H.,  Lyoussi, B. (2020). Antioxidant content and identification of phenolic/flavonoid compounds in the pollen of fourteen plants using HPLC-DAD. Journal of Apicultural Research, 59, 35–41. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00218839.2019.1675336
Bardaweel, S. K., Hudaib, M. M., Tawaha, K. A.,  Bashatwah, R. M. (2015). Studies on the in vitro antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities associated with Chrysanthemum coronarium essential oil. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 790838, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2015/790838
Batish, D. R., Singh, H. P., Kaur, S., Kohli, R. K.,  Yadav, S. S. (2008). Caffeic acid affects early growth, and morphogenetic response of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). Journal of Plant Physiology, 165, 297-305. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.05.003
Begum, K., Shammi, M., Hasan, N., Asaduzzaman, Md., Appiah, K. S.,  FUJII, Y. (2019). Potential allelopathic candidates for land use and possible sustainable weed management in South Asian ecosystem. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(2649), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092649
Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0

Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E.,  Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Caponio, F., Alloggio. V.,  Gomes, T. (1999). Phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil: Influence of paste preparation techniques. Food Chemistry, 64, 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00146-0
Chon, S. U., Jang, H. G., Kim, D. K., Kim, Y. M., Boo, H. O.,  Kim, Y. J. (2005). Allelopathic potential in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 106, 309-317. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scienta.2005.04.005
Chon, S. U., Kim, Y. M.,  Lee, J. C. (2003). Herbicidal potential and quantification of causative allelochemicals from several Compositae weeds. Weed Research, 43, 444-450. https://doi.org/ 10.1046/j.0043-1737.2003.00361.x
D’Amato, S., Serio, A., López, C. C.,  Paparella, A. (2018). Hydrosols: Biological activity and potential as antimicrobials for food applications. Food Control, 86, 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodcont.2017.10.030
Dalar, A.,  Konczak I 2014. Cichorium intybus from Eastern Anatolia: Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 60, 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.05.043
Davis, P. H, (Ed.). (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol: 1-9. Edinburgh Univ. Press. Edinburgh.
Dehkordi, S. S., Tajik, H., Moradi, M.,  Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F. (2010). Chemical composition of essential oils in Zataria multiflora Boiss. from different parts of Iran and their radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 1562-1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.fct.2010.03.025
Ercetin, T., Senol, F. S., Orhan, I. E.,  Toker, G. (2012). Comparative assessment of antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties of the marigold extracts from Calendula arvensis L. and Calendula officinalis L. Industrial Crops and Products, 36, 203-208. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.indcrop. 2011.09.007
Faustino, M. V., Pinto, D. C. G. A., Gonçalves, M. J., Salgueiro, L., Silveira, P.,  Silva, A. M. S. (2018). Calendula L. species polyphenolic profile and in vitro antifungal activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 45, 254-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jff.2018.04.013
Gür, M., Verep, D., Güneyi, K., Güder, A.,  Altuner, E. M. (2017). Determination of some flavonoids and antimicrobial behaviour of some plants’ extracts. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51, S225-S229. https://doi.org/10.5530/ ijper.51.3s.18
Harput, U. S., Genc, Y.,  Saracoglu, I. (2012). Cytotoxic and antioxidative activities of Plantago lagopus L. and characterization of its bioactive compounds. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 1554-1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.019
Heimler, D., Isolani, L., Vignolini, P.,  Romani, A. (2009). Polyphenol content and antiradical activity of Cichorium intybus L. from biodynamic and conventional farming. Food Chemistry, 114, 765-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.010
Hosni, K., Hassen, I., Sebei, H.,  Casabianca, H. (2013). Secondary metabolites from Chrysanthemum coronarium (Garland) flowerheads: Chemical composition and biological activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.033
Jamal, M. A. H. M., Moniruzzaman, M., Shaheen, Md. Z., Kamruzzaman, M., Rashid, M., Mahmud, Md. L., Khan, N. A., Pervin, H.,  Sharif, I. H. (2014). Analysis of antimicrobial activity of Calendula arvensis against bacterial pathogens. International Journal of Phytotheraphy Research, 4(2), 10-15.
Kadioğlu, İ.,  Yanar, Y. (2004). Allelopathic effects of plant extracts against seed germination of some weeds. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(4), 472-475. https://scialert.net/abstract/ ?doi=ajps.2004. 472.475
Kandil, Z. A., Esmat, A., El-Din, R. S.,  Ezzat, S. M. (2020). Anti-inflammatory activity of the lipophilic metabolites from Scolymus hispanicus L. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.01.022
Kemper, K. J. (1999). Calendula (Calendula officinalis). Medicinal Herbs in Primary Care. The Longwood Herbal Task Force. http://www.mcp.edu/ herbal/default.htm 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/ b978-0-323-84676-9.00034-9
Khan, R., Khan, M. A.,  Waqas, M. (2012). Bioherbicidal activity of some winter weeds against some crops. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 18(4), 561-569.
Klančnik, A., Piskernik, S., Jeršek, B.,  Možina, S. S. (2010). Evaluation of diffusion and dilution methods to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 81, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet. 2010.02.004
Kunchandy, E.,  Rao, M. N. A. (1990). Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 58, 237-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(90)90201-e
Lai, J. P., Lim, Y. H., Su, J., Shen, H. M.,  Ong, C. N. (2007). Identification and characterization of major flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids in three Compositae plants by LC/DAD-APCI/MS. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 848, 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.028
Li, X. Z., Yan, Z. Q., Pan, L., Jin, H., Yang, X. Y., Liu, J. D., He, X. F., Ren, X., Xie, M., Guo, K.,  Qin, B. (2017). Caffeic acid derivatives as growth inhibitors of Setaria viridis: Structure-activity relationships and mechanisms. Phytochemistry Letters, 20, 208-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.phytol.2017.04.041
Mahadeva Rao, U. S., Akbar Kausar, S., Suresh Kumar, S.,  Babu Janarthanam, R. (2020). Is kaasini plant (Cichorium intybus L.) panacea to modified life style causing diseases in traditional medicine?: A review. International Medicine Journal, 27, 2-5.
Marmouzi, I., El Karbane, M., El Hamdani, M., Kharbach, M., Mrabti, H. N., Alami, R., Dahraoui, S., El Jemli, M., Ouzzif, Z., Cherrah, Y., Derraji, S.,  My El Abbes, F. (2017). Phytochemical and pharmacological variability in Golden Thistle functional parts: comparative study of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Natural Product Research, 31, 2669-2674. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017. 1283494
Papetti, A., Maietta, M., Corana, F., Marrubini, G.,  Gazzani, G. (2017). Polyphenolic profile of green/red spotted Italian Cichorium intybus salads by RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 63, 189-197. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.08.010
Petropoulos, S. A., Fernandes, Â., Tzortzakis, N., Sokovic, M., Ciric, A., Barros, L.,  Ferreira, I. C. F. R. (2019). Bioactive compounds content and antimicrobial activities of wild edible Aster.aceae species of the Mediterranean flora under commercial cultivation conditions. Food Research International, 119, 859-868. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.069
Petrovic, J., Stanojkovic, A., Comici L.,  Curcic, S. (2004). Antibacterial activity of Cichorium intybus. Fitoterapia, 75, 737-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.fitote.2004.05.001
Pinho, I. A., Lopes, D. V., Martins, R. C.,  Quina, M. J. (2017). Phytotoxicity assessment of olive mill solid wastes and the influence of phenolic compounds. Chemosphere, 185, 258-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.002
Powo (2022). Royal Botanics Garden Kew. Plants of the World Online. (accessed April 13 2022) https://powo.science.kew.org/
Qasem, J. R. (2017). A Survey on the phytotoxicity of common weeds, wild grown species and medicinal plants on wheat. Allelopathy Journal, 42, 181-196. https://doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j./2017-42-2-1115
Rashed, K., Ivanišová, E.,  Kačániová, M. (2018). Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and phytochemical content of some Egyptian plants. International Food Research Journal, 25, 2292-2300.
Rayan, M., Abu-Farich, B., Basha, W., Rayan, A.,  Saleh, A. L. (2020). Correlation between antibacterial activity and free-radical scavenging: In-vitro evaluation of polar/non-polar extracts from 25 plants. Processes, 8(117), 1-12. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/pr8010117
Rehman, A., Ullah, N., Ullah, H.,  Ahmad, I. (2014). Antibacterial and antifungal study of Cichorium intybus. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 4, S943-S945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60763-5
Sareedenchai, V.,  Zidorn, C. (2010). Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38, 935-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bse.2009.09.006
Scavo, A., Pandino, G., Restuccia, A.,  Mauromicale, G. (2020). Leaf extracts of cultivated cardoon as potential bioherbicide. Scientia Horticulturae, 261, 109024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019. 109024
Shah, S., Mahmood, A., Saied, S.,  Malik, A. (2012). Analysis and phytotoxicity of oily fraction of aerial parts of Cichorium intybus. Journal of Chemical Society Pakistan, 34, 1464-1467.
Shaikh, T., Rub, R. A.,  Sasikumar, S. (2016). Antimicrobial screening of Cichorium intybus seed extracts. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, S1569-S1573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.012
Shilpa, K.,  Lakshmi, B. S. (2019). Influence of exogenous cinnamic acid on the production of chlorogenic acid in Cichorium intybus L cell culture. South African Journal of Botany, 125, 527-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.004
Singleton, V. L.,  Rossi, J. A. J. (1965). Colorimetry to total phenolics with phosphomolybdic acid reagents. Americal Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-58.
Sinkovič, L., Demšar, L., Žnidarčič, D., Vidrih, R., Hribar, J.,  Treutter, D. (2015). Phenolic profiles in leaves of chicory cultivars (Cichorium intybus L.) as influenced by organic and mineral fertilizers. Food Chemistry, 166, 507-513. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.024
Tabaraki, R., Nateghi, A.,  Ahmady-Asbchin, S. (2013). In vitro assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of six edible plants from Iran. JAMS Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 6, 159-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jams.2013.01.016
Tardugno, R., Pozzebon, M., Beggio, M., Del Turco, P.,  Pojana, G. (2018). Polyphenolic profile of Cichorium intybus L. endemic varieties from the Veneto region of Italy. Food Chemistry, 266, 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.085
Tosun, G., Yayli, B., Arslan, T., Yasar, A., Karaoglu, S. A.,  Yaylı, N. (2012). Comparative essential oil analysis of Calendula arvensis L. extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave distillation and antimicrobial activities. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24, 1955-1958.
Trautmann, N. M.,  Krasny, M. E. (1998). Composting in the Classroom: Scientific Inquiry for High School Students. http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/ compostingintheclassroom.pdf
Ullah, R., Ibrar, M., Shah, S.,  Hameed, I. (2012). Phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of Calendula arvensis L. E3 Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, 3, 104-111. http://www.e3journals.org/JBPR
Wan, C., Li, S., Liu, L., Chen, C.,  Fan, S. (2017). Caffeoylquinic acids from the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Plants, 6, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants6010010
Wang, Q., Liu, Y., Cui, J., Du, J., Chen, G.,  Liu, H. (2011). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction for herbicidal activity of chicory root extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 34, 1429-1438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.04.023
Weston, L. A.,  Duke, S. O. (2003). Weed and crop allelopathy. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22, 367-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610861
WHO (2022), World Health Organization, The top 10 causes of death (Accessed July 29 2022). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ the-top-10-causes-of-death
Zhang, L., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Liang, K., Zhang, F., Xu, T., Wang, M., Song, H., Liu, X.,  Lu, B. (2019). Determination of phenolic acid profiles by HPLC-MS in vegetables commonly consumed in China. Food Chemistry, 276, 538-546. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.074
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T.,  Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64, 555-559.
Zhu, W., Liu, J., Ye, J.,  Li, G. (2017). Effects of phytotoxic extracts from peach root bark and benzoic acid on peach seedlings growth, photosynthesis, antioxidance and ultrastructure properties. Scientia Horticulturae, 215, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.12.004
Zidorn, C. (2008). Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae. Phytochemistry, 69, 2270-2296. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.phytochem. 2008.06.013

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Structural Biology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Asuman Karadeniz Pekgöz ^*
0000-0002-8141-7849
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 13, 2023

Publication Date

February 28, 2024

Submission Date

July 5, 2022

Acceptance Date

August 10, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 27 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA98EM83UH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Karadeniz Pekgöz, A. (2024). A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934

AMA

1.Karadeniz Pekgöz A. A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2024;27(1):56-67. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934

Chicago

Karadeniz Pekgöz, Asuman. 2024. “A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi 27 (1): 56-67. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934.

EndNote

Karadeniz Pekgöz A (February 1, 2024) A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 27 1 56–67.

IEEE

[1]A. Karadeniz Pekgöz, “A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species”, KSU J. Agric Nat., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 56–67, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934.

ISNAD

Karadeniz Pekgöz, Asuman. “A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 27/1 (February 1, 2024): 56-67. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934.

JAMA

1.Karadeniz Pekgöz A. A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2024;27:56–67.

MLA

Karadeniz Pekgöz, Asuman. “A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 1, Feb. 2024, pp. 56-67, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934.

Vancouver

1.Asuman Karadeniz Pekgöz. A Comparative Evaluation of Potential Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Profiles of Five Mediterranean Asteraceae Species. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2024 Feb. 1;27(1):56-67. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1140934