Detection of Root-Knot Nematode Species and Races in Kahramanmaraş Province, Türkiye

Tolga Gürkan; Ramazan Çetintaş

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1296708

EN TR

Detection of Root-Knot Nematode Species and Races in Kahramanmaraş Province, Türkiye

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are organisms that spread over large areas and cause economic damage to vegetables. In this study, root-knot nematode populations obtained from vegetable growing areas of Kahramanmaraş province were identified. Overall, 132 root samples were taken from the vegetable crop fields. Root-knot nematode was detected in 25 of the collected samples and their diagnosis was determined based on biochemical (esterase isoenzyme phenotype), perineal pattern, and molecular methods. The race determination of root-knot nematodes was made according to the North Carolina Differential Host Test. Results showed that while Meloidogyne incognita was detected in Andırın, Onikişubat, Dulkadiroğlu, Türkoğlu, and Ekinözü districts of Kahramanmaraş, both M. incognita and M. javanica were found in Beyoğlu of Türkoğlu. This is the first report of M. javanica infection in Kahramanmaraş. Races of root-knot nematodes were determined as M. incognita race 1, race 2 and M. javanica race 2.

Keywords

Kahramanmaraş İlindeki Kök-Ur Nematodu Tür ve Irklarının Belirlenmesi, Türkiye

Öz

Bitki paraziti kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) geniş alanlara yayılan ve sebzelerde ekonomik zararlara neden olan canlılardır. Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ilindeki sebze yetiştirme alanlarından elde edilen kök-ur nematodlarının teşhisi yapılmıştır. Genel olarak, sebze alanlarından 132 adet kök örneği alınmıştır. Toplanan örneklerden 25 adetinde kök-ur nematodu tespit edilmiş ve teşhisleri biyokimyasal (esteraz izoenzim fenotipi), perineal kesit ve moleküler yöntemlere göre belirlenmiştir. Kök-ur nematodlarının ırk tespiti Kuzey Karolina Konukçu Testi’ne göre yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, Kahramanmaraş’ın Andırın, Onikişubat, Dulkadiroğlu, Türkoğlu, Ekinözü ilçelerinde Meloidogyne incognita, Türkoğlu Beyoğlu’nda ise hem M. incognita hem de M. javanica tespit edilmiştir. Kahramanmaraş ilinde M. javanica ilk kez bulunmuştur. Kök-ur nematodlarının ırkları M. incognita ırk 1, ırk 2 ve M. javanica ırk 2 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK (2211-C Yurt İçi Öncelikli Alanlar Doktora Burs Programı) ve Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Daire Başkanlığı Proje Koordinasyon Birimi (BAP)

Project Number

BAP: 2016/5-58 D

References

Adam, M.A.M., Phillips, M.S., & Blok, V.C. (2007). Molecular diagnostic key for identification for single juveniles of seven common and economically important species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), Plant Pathology. 56, 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01455.x.
Adzitey, F., Huda, N., & Ali, G.R.R. (2013). Molecular techniques for detecting and typing of bacteria, advantages, and application to foodborne pathogens isolated from ducks. 3 Biotech, 3(2), 97-107. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0074-4.
Aslan, A., & Elekçioğlu, İ.H. (2022). Biochemical and molecular identification of root-knot nematodes in green house vegetable areas of Eastern Mediterranean Region (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Entomology. 46(1), 115-127. https://doi.org/ 10.16970/entoted.1055181.
Blok, V.C., Wishart, J., Fargette, M., Berthier, K., & Philips, M.S. (2002). "Mitochondrial DNA differences distinguishing Meloidogyne mayaguensis from the major species of tropical root-knot nematodes." Nematology. 4(7), 773-781. https://doi.org/ 10.1163/156854102760402559.
Carneiro, R.M.D.G., & Almeida, M.R.A. (2001). Técnica de eletroforese usada no estudo de enzimas dos nematoides das galhas paraidentificação de especies. Nematologia Brasileira. 25, 35–44.
Carneiro, R.M.D.G., & Cofcewicz, E.T. (2008). Taxonomy of coffee-parasitic root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. In Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Coffee; Souza, R.M., Ed.; Springer: New York, NY, USA. 87–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8720-2_6.
Çetintas, R., & Çakmak, B. (2016). Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi. 40(4), 355-364. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/ted.40839.
Collange, B., Navarrete, M., Peyre, G., Mateille, T., & Tchamitchian, M. (2011). Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) management in vegetable crop production: The challenge of an agronomic system analysis. Crop Protection. 30, 1251-1262. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.04.016.

Correa, V.R., Santos, M.F.A., Almeida, M.R.A., Peixoto, J.R., Castagnone-Sereno, P., & Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2013). Species-specific DNA markers for identification of two root-knot nematodes of coffee: Meloidogyne arabicida and M. izalcoensis. European Journal Plant Pathology. 137, 305–313. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-013-0242-3.
Correa, V.R., Mattos, V.S., Almeida, M.R.A., Santos, M.F.A., Tigano, M.S., Castagnone-Sereno, P., & Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2014). Genetic diversity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica and development of a species-specific SCAR marker for its diagnosis. Journal Plant Pathology. 63, 476–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12108.
Devran, Z., & Söğüt, M.A. (2011). Characterizing races of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Crop Protection. 30(4), 451-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.008.
Eisenback, J.D., & Triantaphyllou, H. (1991). Root-knot nematode: Meloidogyne sp. and races. In: Nickle WR, editor. Manual of Agricultural Nematology. New York: Marcel Decker; 191–274. DOI:10.1201/9781003066576-6.
Esbenshade, P.R., & Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1985). Use of enzyme phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species (Nematoda: Tylenchida), Journal of Nematology. 17(1), 6-20.
Esbenshade, P.R., & Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1990). Isozyme phenotypes for the identification of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology. 22(1), 10-15.
Gerič Stare, B., Strajnar, P., Širca, S., Susič, N., & Urek, G. (2018). Record of a new location for tropical root knot nematode Meloidogyne luci in Slovenia. EPPO Bulletin. 48(1), 135-137. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/epp.12443.
Gerič Stare, B., Aydınlı, G., Devran, Z., Mennan, S., Strajnar, P., Urek, G., & Širca, S. (2019). Recognition of species belonging to Meloidogyne ethiopica group and development of a diagnostic method for its detection. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 154(3), 621-633. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-019-01686-2.
Gowda, M.T., Sellaperumal, C., Rai, A.B., & Singh, B. (2019). Root knot nematodes menace in vegetable crops and their management in India: A Review. Vegetable Science. 46(1 and 2), 1-16.
Gürkan, B., Çetintaş, R., & Gürkan, T. (2019). Gaziantep ve Osmaniye Sebze Alanlarında Bulunan Kök-ur Nematodu Türleri (Meloidogyne spp.)’nin Teşhisi ile Bazı Nematod Popülasyon Irklarının Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 22(Ek Sayı 1), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.v22i49073.551240.
Hartman, K.M., & Sasser, J.N. (1985). Identification of Meloidogyne species on the basis of differential host test and perineal pattern morphology, ’69-79’. An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, vol II, Methodology, Eds.: K.R. Barker, C.C. Carter and J.N. Sasser. North Carolina State University Graphics. 223.
Hooper, D.J. (1986). Extraction of free-living stages from soil. In J.F. Southey, Ed. Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes. Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Reference Book. 402.
Hunt, D.J., & Handoo, Z.A. (2009). “Taxonomy, Identification and Principal Species, 55-97”. Root-knot Nematodes, (Eds. R. N. Perry, M. Moens and J. L. Starr). 1st Ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 97. https://doi.org/10.1079/ 9781845934927.0055.
Kaçar, G. (2011). Türkiye’de Bulunan Kök-ur Nematodu Türlerinin (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) Irklarının Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 49.
Mennan, S., & Ecevit, O. (2001). Bafra ve Çarşamba Ovaları’ndan elde edilen bazı Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) (Nemata: Heteroderidae) popülasyonlarında ırk tespiti. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi. 25(1), 33-39. https:// hdl.handle.net/20.500.12712/8389.
Özarslandan, A., & Elekçioğlu, İ.H. (2010). Türkiye’nin farklı alanlarından alınan kök-ur nematodu türlerinin (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) moleküler ve morfolojik tanılama ile belirlenmesi, Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi. 34(3), 323-335.
Powers, T.D., & Harris, T.S. (1993). A polymerase chain reaction method for identification of five major Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology. 25, 1-6.
Powers, T.O., Todd, T.C., Burnell, A.M., Murray, P.C., Fleming, C.C., Szalanski, A.L., & Harris, T.S. (1997). The rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Region as a Taxonomic Marker for Nematodes. Journal of Nematology. 29(4), 441-450.
Randig, O., Bongiovanni, M., Carneiro, R.M.D.G., & Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2002). Genetic diversity of root-knot nematodes from Brazil and development of SCAR markers specific for the coffee-damaging species, Genome. 45, 862-70. DOI: 10.1139/g02-054.
Rao, M.S., Umamaheswari, R., Priti, K., Rajinikanth, R., Vidyashree, P., Prabhu Kamalnath, M. (2015). Nematode management in vegetable crops. IIHR Technical Bulletin. Published by Director ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru. No:47. Resquin-Romero, G., Mattos, V.S., Monteiro, J.M.S., Lopez-Nicora, H.D., Amarilla, S.P., Chamorro-Diaz, S., Moral,
J., & Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2023). Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of Meloidogyne Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay. Agronomy. 13, 670. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/agronomy13030670.
Roberts, P.A. (1992). Current status of the availability, development, and use of host plant resistance to nematodes, Journal of Nematology. 24(2), 213–27.
Salgado, S.M.L., Guimaraes, N.M.R.B., Botelho, C.E., Tassone, G.A.T., Marcelo, A.L., Souza, S.R., Oliveira, R.D.L., & Ferreira, D.F. (2015). Meloidogyne paranaensis e Meloidogyne exigua em lavouras cafeeiras da região Sul de Minas Gerais. Coffee Science. 10, 475-481.
Shaaban, M.H., Mahdy, M.E.S., Selim, M.E., & Mousa, El-S.M. (2023). Pathological, Chemical and Molecular Analysis of Eggplant Varieties Infected with Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Egyptian Journal of Crop Protection. 18(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.21608/EJCP.2023.174909.1013.
Sijmons, P.C., Atkinson, H.J., & Wyss, U. (1994). Parasitic strategies of root–knot nematodes and associated host cell responses, Annual Review of Phytopathology. 32, 235-59. DOI: 10.1146/ annurev.py.32.090194.001315.
Söğüt, M., & Elekçioğlu, I.H. (2000). Determination of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) species races found in vegetable growing areas of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology. 24, 33-40.
Tapia-Vázquez, I., Montoya-Martínez, A.C., De los Santos-Villalobos, S., Ek-Ramos, M.J., Montesinos-Matías, R., & Martínez-Anaya, C. (2022). Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) a threat to agriculture in Mexico: Biology, current control strategies, and perspectives. Journal Microbiology. Biotechnology. 38, 26. DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03211-2.
Thorne, G. (1961). Principles of Nematology, New York. 312-21.
Tigano, M., Siqueira, K., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Mulet, K., Queiroz, P., Santos, M., Teixeira, C., Almeida, M., Silva, J., & Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2010). Genetic diversity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii and development of a SCAR marker for this guava-damaging species. Plant Pathology. 59, 1054–1061. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02350x.
Tytgat, T., Meutter, J.D., Gheysen, G., & Coomans, A. (2000). Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes as a model for other plant parasitic nematodes, Nematology. 2(1), 113–21. DOI: 10.1163/ 156854100508827.
Tzortzakakis, E.A., Blok, V.C., Phillips, M.S., & Trudgill, D.L. (1999). Variation in Root-Knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Crete in relation to control with resistant tomato and pepper, Nematology. 1(5), 499–506.
Wang, Y., Yang, W., Zhang, W., Han, Q., Feng, M., & Shen, H. (2013). Mapping of a heat-stable gene for resistance to southern root-knot nematode in Solanum lycopersicum. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 31(2), 352-362. DOI: 10.1007/s11105-012-0505-8.
Young, L.D. (1992). Problems and strategies associated with long-term use of nematode resistant cultivars, Journal of Nematology. 24(2), 228-33.
Zijlstra, C., Lever, A.E.M., Uenk, B.C., & Van Silfhout, C.H. (1995). Differences between ITS regions of isolates of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla and M. chitwoodi. Phytopathology. 85:1231-1237. DOI:10.1094/PHYTO-85-1231.
Zijlstra, C., Donkers-Venne, D.T.H.M., & Fargette, M. (2000). Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays, Nematology. 2, 847-53. DOI: 10.1163/ 156854100750112798

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences , Nematology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tolga Gürkan ^*
0000-0003-0839-6559
Türkiye

Ramazan Çetintaş
0000-0002-5738-6915
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 13, 2023

Publication Date

February 28, 2024

Submission Date

May 13, 2023

Acceptance Date

June 28, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 27 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1296708

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA98CE58ZZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gürkan, T., & Çetintaş, R. (2024). Detection of Root-Knot Nematode Species and Races in Kahramanmaraş Province, Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(1), 174-182. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1296708

Cited By

Isolation and Characterization of a (Surfactin-Like Molecule) Produced by Bacillus subtilis: Antagonistic Impact on Root-Knot Nematodes

Scientific Research Communications

https://doi.org/10.52460/src.2024.010

Race Detection and Density of Rotylenchulus reniformis & Meloidogyne incognita on Banana in Türkiye

Journal of Nematology

https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0044