A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea

Dilara Kaya Öztürk; Recep Öztürk

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643

TR EN

Karadeniz'de Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştirilen Büyük Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarına (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Uygulanan Farklı Besleme Rejimlerinin Büyüme ve Et Kalite Parametreleri ile Ekonomik Dönüşüm Oranları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz'de ticari olarak üretilen ve başlangıç ağırlıkları 1045.12±43.51 g olan gökkuşağı alabalıklarına (Oncorhynchus mykiss) uygulanan farklı besleme rejimlerinin büyüme, et kalitesi performansları ve ekonomik dönüşüm oranları üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, Güney Karadeniz'in (Türkiye) Sinop ilçesindeki ticari bir balık çiftliğinde yürütülmüştür. Balıklar üç farklı besleme rejimine göre gruplandırılmış (besleme tablosuna göre beslenen R grubu (% 1 balık ağırlığı); 1 gün beslenen/1 gün aç bırakılan D grubu; 6 gün beslenen/1 gün aç bırakılan E grubu) ve beş ay boyunca günde iki kez beslenmiştir. 150 günlük çalışma sonunda, R ve E grupları en iyi büyüme parametrelerine (ağırlık artışı, spesifik büyüme oranı ve termal büyüme oranı) sahip olduğu ve bu sonuçların istatistiksel olarak D grubundan farklı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<,05). En iyi yem dönüşüm oranlarının (YDO) E (1,57±0,04) ve R (1,59±0,01) gruplarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Grupların YDO’larına bağlı olarak da E grubunun ekonomik dönüşüm oranının (EDO) diğer gruplardan daha iyi bulunmuştur. Et kalitesi bakımından ise, Karadeniz'de ticari olarak yetiştirilen büyük gökkuşağı alabalığı filetolarının biyokimyasal, yağ asidi ve aminoasit kompozisyonları iyi kalitede, besleyici ve insan tüketimi için güvenli bulunmuştur.

Keywords

A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of different feeding regimes applied to large commercial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an initial weight of 1045.12±43.51 g in the Black Sea on growth, meat quality performances, and economic conversion rates. The study was conducted in a commercial fish farm in the Sinop district of the Southern Black Sea (Turkey). Fish were grouped according to three different feeding regimes (R group fed according to feeding table (1% fish weight); D group fed 1 day/fasted 1 day; E group fed 6 days/fasted 1 day) and fed twice a day for five months. At the end of the 150-day study, it was found that the R and E groups had the best growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, and thermal growth rate) and these results were statistically different from the D group (p<0.05). The best feed conversion rates (FCR) were determined to be in the E (1.57±0.04) and R (1.59±0.01) groups. Depending on the FCR of the groups, the economic conversion rate (ECR) of the E group was better than the other groups. In terms of meat quality, the biochemical, fatty acid, and amino acid compositions of the large rainbow trout fillets commercially grown in the Black Sea were found to be of good quality, nutritious, and safe for human consumption

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This research did not receive any financial support from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Thanks

The author thank Sagun Aquaculture Company in Sinop for providing the experimental fish and feed samples. This study was presented orally at the AGBİO 2023 symposium under the name "A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout in Net Cages in the Black Sea”

References

Abowei, J. F. N., & Ekubo, A. T. (2011). Some principles and requirements in fish nutrition. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2(4), 163-179.
Abdel-Tawwab, M., Hagras, A. E., Elbaghdady, H. A. M., & Monier, M. N. (2015). Effects of dissolved oxygen and fish size on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): growth performance, whole-body composition, and innate immunity. Aquaculture International, 23, 1261-1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-015-9882-y
Adaklı, A., & Taşbozan, O. (2015). The effects of different cycles of starvation and refeeding on growth and body composition on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15(3), 419-427. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_28
Ali, M., Nicieza, A., & Wootton, R. J. (2003). Compensatory growth in fishes: a response to growth depression. Fish and fisheries, 4(2), 147-190. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00120.x
Ali, T. E. S., Martínez-Llorens, S., Moñino, A. V., Cerdá, M. J., & Tomás-Vidal, A. (2016). Effects of weekly feeding frequency and previous ration restriction on the compensatory growth and body composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 42(3), 357-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.06.004
Altaf, H., Rather, M., Asimi, O., Farooq, S., Kumar, A., Chesti, A., ... & Rather, I. (2021). Effect of food restriction and realimentation on the growth performance & body composition of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. communis). Pharma Innov. 10(7), 865-874.
Anonymous, (2023). https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn%20 Raporlar%C4% B1/2023%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn%20Raporlar%C4%B1/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20% C3%9Cr%C3%BCn%20Raporu%202023-373%20TEPGE.pdf
AOAC (1995). Official methods of analysis. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arslan, G., Bayır, M., Yağanoğlu, A. M., & Bayır, A. (2021). Changes in fatty acids, blood biochemistry and mRNA expressions of genes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in brown trout (Salmo trutta) during starvation and refeeding. Aquaculture Research, 52(2), 494-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14908

Asadi, M., Kenari, A. A., & Esmaeili, N. (2021). Restricted-protein feeding strategy decreased the protein consumption without impairing growth performance, flesh quality and non-specific immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 531, 735946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735946
Ashouri, G., Mahboobi‐Soofiani, N., Hoseinifar, S. H., Torfi‐Mozanzadeh, M., Mani, A., Khosravi, A., & Carnevali, O. (2020). Compensatory growth, plasma hormones and metabolites in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt 1869) subjected to fasting and re‐feeding. Aquaculture Nutrition, 26(2), 400-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735946
Barreto-Curiel, F., Focken, U., D’Abramo, L. R., & Viana, M. T. (2017). Metabolism of Seriola lalandi during starvation as revealed by fatty acid analysis and compound-specific analysis of stable isotopes within amino acids. PLoS One, 12(1), e0170124.. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170124
Bavčević, L., Klanjšček, T., Karamarko, V., Aničić, I., & Legović, T. (2010). Compensatory growth in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) compensates weight, but not length. Aquaculture, 301(1-4), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.01.009
Bowzer, J., Dabrowski, K., Ware, K., Ostaszewska, T., Kamaszewski, M., & Botero, M. (2011). Growth, survival, and body composition of sunshine bass after a feeding and fasting experiment. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 73(4), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2011.602257
Cai, M., Zhang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, H., Tian, H., Chu, W., ... & Wang, A. (2021). Intervention of re-feeding on growth performance, fatty acid composition and oxidative stress in the muscle of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) subjected to short-term starvation. Aquaculture, 545, 737110.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737110
Chatzifotis, S., Papadaki, M., Despoti, S., Roufidou, C., & Antonopoulou, E. (2011). Effect of starvation and re-feeding on reproductive indices, body weight, plasma metabolites and oxidative enzymes of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 316(1-4), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.044
Conceição, L. E., Rønnestad, I., & Tonheim, S. K. (2002). Metabolic budgets for lysine and glutamate in unfed herring (Clupea harengus) larvae. Aquaculture, 206(3-4), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00739-6
Cui, Z. H., Wang, Y., & Qin, J. G. (2006). Compensatory growth of group-held gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), following feed deprivation. Aquaculture Research, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01418.x
Da Silva, R. F., Kitagawa, A., & Sánchez Vázquez, F. J. (2016). Dietary self-selection in fish: a new approach to studying fish nutrition and feeding behavior. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 26, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9410-1
Dempster, T., Wright, D., & Oppedal, F. (2016) Identifying the nature, extent and duration of critical production periods for Atlantic salmon in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, during summer. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Report 16. ISBN 978 0 7340 5302 2
Devadawson, C., Jayasinghe, C., Sivakanesan, R., & Arulnithy, K. (2016). Assessment of lipid profile and atherogenic indices for cardiovascular disease risk based on different fish consumption habits. Assessment, 9, 156-160.
Ding, L., Fu, H., Hou, Y., Jin, M., Sun, P., & Zhou, Q. (2017). Effects of starvation and feeding on blood chemistry, fatty acid composition and expression of vitellogenin and fatty acid-binding protein genes in female swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus broodstock. Fisheries science, 83, 455-464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-017-1075-3
Dong, G. F., Yang, Y. O., Yao, F., Chen, L., Yue, D. D., Yu, D. H., ... & Liu, L. H. (2017). Growth performance and whole‐body composition of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) under feeding restriction. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(1), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12366
Duan, Y., Li, F., Li, Y., Tang, Y., Kong, X., Feng, Z., ... & Yin, Y. (2016). The role of leucine and its metabolites in protein and energy metabolism. Amino acids, 48, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-015-2067-1
Einen, O., Waagan, B., & Thomassen, M. S. (1998a). Starvation prior to slaughter in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): I. Effects on weight loss, body shape, slaughter-and fillet-yield, proximate and fatty acid composition. Aquaculture, 166(1-2), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00279-8
Einen O, Thomassen MS (1998b). Starvation prior to slaughter in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): II. White muscle composition and evaluation of freshness, texture and colour characteristics in raw and cooked fillets. Aquaculture 169(1-2):37-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00332-9
Eroldoğan, O. T., Taşbozan, O., & Tabakoğlu, S. (2008). Effects of restricted feeding regimes on growth and feed utilization of juvenile gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Journal of the World Aquaculture society, 39(2), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00157.x
Fernandes, C. E., da Silva Vasconcelos, M. A., de Almeida Ribeiro, M., Sarubbo, L. A., Andrade, S. A. C., & de Melo Filho, A. B. (2014). Nutritional and lipid profiles in marine fish species from Brazil. Food chemistry, 160, 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.055
Ghaeni, M., Ghahfarokhi, K. N., & Zaheri, L. (2013). Fatty acids profile, atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indices in Leiognathusbindus and Upeneussulphureus. Journal of Marine Science. Research & Development, 3(4), 1-3 https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000138
Hasanpour, S., Oujifard, A., Torfi Mozanzadeh, M., & Safari, O. (2021). Compensatory growth, antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities of Sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) and yellowfin seabreams (Acanthopagrus latus) subjected to ration restriction. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27(6), 2448-2458. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13376
Hernández, M. D., López, M. B., Álvarez, A., Ferrandini, E., García, B. G., & Garrido, M. D. (2009). Sensory, physical, chemical and microbiological changes in aquacultured meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fillets during ice storage. Food chemistry, 114(1), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.045
Hvas, M., Folkedal, O., Solstorm, D., Vågseth, T., Fosse, J. O., Gansel, L. C., & Oppedal, F. (2017). Assessing swimming capacity and schooling behaviour in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with experimental push-cages. Aquaculture, 473, 423-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.03.013
Hvas, M., Stien, L. H., & Oppedal, F. (2021). The effect of fasting period on swimming performance, blood parameters and stress recovery in Atlantic salmon post smolts. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 255, 110913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110913
Hvas, M., Nilsson, J., Vågseth, T., Nola, V., Fjelldal, P. G., Hansen, T. J., ... & Folkedal, O. (2022). Full compensatory growth before harvest and no impact on fish welfare in Atlantic salmon after an 8-week fasting period. Aquaculture, 546, 737415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737415
Jobling. M. (2003) The thermal growth coefficient (TGC) model of fish growth: a cautionary note. Aquaculture Research, 34(7),581–584 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00859.x
Jørgensen, E. H., Martinsen, M., Strøm, V., Hansen, K. E. R., Ravuri, C. S., Gong, N., & Jobling, M. (2013). Long-term fasting in the anadromous Arctic charr is associated with downregulation of metabolic enzyme activity and upregulation of leptin A1 and SOCS expression in the liver. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(17), 3222-3230. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.088344
Kasozi, N., Iwe, G., Sadik, K., Asizua, D., & Namulawa, V. T. (2019). Dietary amino acid requirements of pebbly fish, Alestes baremoze (Joannis, 1835) based on whole body amino acid composition. Aquaculture Reports, 14, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100197
Känkänen, M., & Pirhonen, J. (2009). The effect of intermittent feeding on feed intake and compensatory growth of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. Aquaculture, 288(1-2), 92-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.11.029
Kaya Öztürk, D., Baki, B., Öztürk, R., Karayücel, S., & Uzun Gören, G. (2019). Determination of growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey. Aquaculture Research, 50(12), 3763-3775. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14339
Kaya Öztürk, D. (2024). Effect of ploidy on growth, fillet composition and colour of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Black Sea. Journal of Fisheries, 12(1), 121202-121202.https://doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.460
Li, P., Mai, K., Trushenski, J., & Wu, G. (2009). New developments in fish amino acid nutrition: towards functional and environmentally oriented aquafeeds. Amino acids, 37, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0171-1
Lu, Z. Y., Feng, L., Jiang, W. D., Wu, P., Liu, Y., Kuang, S. Y., ... & Zhou, X. Q. (2020). Mannan oligosaccharides improved growth performance and antioxidant capacity in the intestine of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Reports, 17, 100313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100313
Łuczyńska, J., Paszczyk, B., Nowosad, J., & Łuczyński, M. J. (2017). Mercury, fatty acids content and lipid quality indexes in muscles of freshwater and marine fish on the polish market. Risk assessment of fish consumption. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10), 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101120
Luo, Z., Tan, X. Y., Wang, W. M., & Fan, Q. X. (2009). Effects of long‐term starvation on body weight and body composition of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, with special emphasis on amino acid and fatty acid changes. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(2), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01216.x
Martínez‐Llorens, S., Vidal, A. T., Moñino, A. V., Torres, M. P., & Cerdá, M. J. (2007). Effects of dietary soybean oil concentration on growth, nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture Research, 38(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01636.x
Matani Bour, H. A., Esmaeili, N., & Abedian Kenari, A. (2018). Growth performance, muscle and liver composition, blood traits, digestibility and gut bacteria of beluga (Huso huso) juvenile fed different levels of soybean meal and lactic acid. Aquaculture nutrition, 24(4), 1361-1368. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12673
McCarthy, I. D., & Brown, J. (2016). Assessing the reproducibility of fractional rates of protein synthesis in muscle tissue measured using the flooding dose technique. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 197, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.03.004
Messina, M., Iacumin, L., Pascon, G., Tulli, F., Tibaldi, E., & Cardinaletti, G. (2023). Effect of feed restriction and refeeding on body condition, digestive functionality and intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 49(1), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01170-z
Montero, D., Robaina, L., Caballero, M. J., Ginés, R., & Izquierdo, M. S. (2005). Growth, feed utilization and flesh quality of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing vegetable oils: A time-course study on the effect of a re-feeding period with a 100% fish oil diet. Aquaculture, 248(1-4), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.003
Moughan, P. J. (2003). Simulating the partitioning of dietary amino acids: New directions. Journal of Animal Science, 81(14_suppl_2), E60-E67. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8114_suppl_2E60x
Nagar, S., & Patidar, S. (2015). Effect of different feed cycling regimes on Growth, Economic Conversion Index and Body Composition of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822). International Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Science, 1(1), 1-4.
Nie, C., He, T., Zhang, W., Zhang, G., & Ma, X. (2018). Branched chain amino acids: beyond nutrition metabolism. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(4)-954, 3-16 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19040954
Nikki, J., Pirhonen, J., Jobling, M., & Karjalainen, J. (2004). Compensatory growth in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), held individually. Aquaculture, 235(1-4), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.10.017
Ntantali, O., Malandrakis, E. E., Abbink, W., Bastiaansen, J., Chatzoglou, E., Karapanagiotidis, I. T., ... & Panagiotaki, P. (2023). Effects of Short-Term Intermittent Fasting on Growth Performance, Fatty Acids Profile, Glycolysis and Cholesterol Synthesis Gene Expression in European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. Fishes, 8(12), 582, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8120582
Ocaño-Higuera, V. M., Marquez-Ríos, E., Canizales-Dávila, M., Castillo-Yáñez, F. J., Pacheco-Aguilar, R., Lugo-Sánchez, M. E., ... & Graciano-Verdugo, A. Z. (2009). Postmortem changes in cazon fish muscle stored on ice. Food chemistry, 116(4), 933-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.049
Ofor, C. O., & Ukpabi, C. (2013). Effect of short-term cyclic feed deprivation on growth and economic limit of commercial feed-based in-door grow-out of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Int. J. Fish. Aquac, 5(11), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA2013.0369
Ortuno, J., Esteban, M. A., & Meseguer, J. (2002). Effects of four anaesthetics on the innate immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & shellfish immunology, 12(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2001.0353
Ölmez, A., Bayir, M., Wang, C., & Bayir, A. (2015). Effects of long-term starvation and refeeding on fatty acid metabolism-relatedgene expressions in the liver of zebrafish, Danio rerio. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 39(6), 654-660. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1507-54
Peres, H., Santos, S., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2011). Lack of compensatory growth response in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles following starvation and subsequent refeeding. Aquaculture, 318(3-4), 384-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.06.010
Pérez-Jiménez, A., Cardenete, G., Hidalgo, M. D. C., García-Alcázar, A., Abellán, E., & Morales, A. E. (2012). Metabolic adjustments of Dentex dentex to prolonged starvation and refeeding. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38, 1145-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9600-2
Remen, M., Aas, T. S., Vågseth, T., Torgersen, T., Olsen, R. E., Imsland, A., & Oppedal, F. (2014). Production performance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) postsmolts in cyclic hypoxia, and following compensatory growth. Aquaculture Research, 45(8), 1355-1366. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12082
Rincón, L., Castro, P. L., Álvarez, B., Hernández, M. D., Álvarez, A., Claret, A., ... & Ginés, R. (2016). Differences in proximal and fatty acid profiles, sensory characteristics, texture, colour and muscle cellularity between wild and farmed blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo). Aquaculture, 451, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.016
Rørå, A. M. B., Ruyter, B., Skorve, J., Berge, R. K., & Slinning, K. E. (2005). Influence of high content of dietary soybean oil on quality of large fresh, smoked and frozen Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture International, 13, 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-004-1074-0
Roohani, A. M., Abedian Kenari, A., Fallahi Kapoorchali, M., Borani, M. S., Zoriezahra, S. J., Smiley, A. H., ... & Rombenso, A. N. (2019). Effect of spirulina Spirulina platensis as a complementary ingredient to reduce dietary fish meal on the growth performance, whole‐body composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and pigmentation of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, 25(3), 633-645. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12885
Rønnestad, I., Conceiçao, L. E., Aragao, C., & Dinis, M. T. (2001). Assimilation and catabolism of dispensable and indispensable free amino acids in post-larval Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(4), 461-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00272-1
Santos-Silva, J., Bessa, R. J. B., & Santos-Silva, F. J. L. P. S. (2002). Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs: II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livestock Production Science, 77(2-3), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00059-
Sakyi, M. E., Cai, J., Tang, J., Xia, L., Li, P., Abarike, E. D., ... & Jian, J. (2020). Short term starvation and re-feeding in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758): Growth measurements, and immune responses. Aquaculture Reports, 16, 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100261
Silva, C. R., Gomes, L. C., & Brandão, F. R. (2007). Effect of feeding rate and frequency on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) growth, production and feeding costs during the first growth phase in cages. Aquaculture, 264(1-4), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.12.007
Shirvan, S., Falahatkar, B., Noveirian, H. A., & Abbasalizadeh, A. (2020). Physiological responses to feed restriction and starvation in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869): Effects on growth, body composition and blood plasma metabolites. Aquaculture research, 51(1), 282-291.. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365- 2427.1999.00502.x
Stefansson, S. O., Imsland, A. K., & Handeland, S. O. (2009). Food-deprivation, compensatory growth and hydro-mineral balance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts in sea water. Aquaculture, 290(3-4), 243-249.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.02.024
Stehfest, K. M., Carter, C. G., McAllister, J. D., Ross, J. D., & Semmens, J. M. (2017). Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors. Scientific reports, 7(1), 4545. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04806-2
Tamadoni, R., Nafisi Bahabadi, M., Morshedi, V., Bagheri, D., & Torfi Mozanzadeh, M. (2020). Effect of short‐term fasting and re‐feeding on growth, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant defence in yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782). Aquaculture Research, 51(4), 1437-1445. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14489
Tocher, D. R., Betancor, M. B., Sprague, M., Olsen, R. E., & Napier, J. A. (2019). Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA: Bridging the gap between supply and demand. Nutrients, 11(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010089
Torfi Mozanzadeh, M., Zabayeh Najafabadi, M., Torfi, M., Safari, O., Oosooli, R., Mehrjooyan, S., ... & Gisbert, E. (2021). Compensatory growth of Sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) and yellowfin seabreams (Acanthopagrus latus) relative to feeding rate during nursery phase. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27(2), 468-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13199
Ulbricht, T. L. V., & Southgate, D. A. T. (1991). Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. The lancet, 338(8773), 985-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-m
Xavier, B., Megarajan, S., Balla, V., Sadu, N., Ranjan, R., Babu, P. S., ... & Gopalakrishnan, A. (2023). Impact of starvation and re-feeding on growth and metabolic responses of Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee) juveniles. Aquaculture, 572, 739514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739514
Xu, H., Bi, Q., Meng, X., Duan, M., Wei, Y., & Liang, M. (2022). Response of lipid and fatty acid composition of turbot to starvation under different dietary lipid levels in the previous feeding period. Food Research International, 151, 110905.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110905
Wade, N. M., Clark, T. D., Maynard, B. T., Atherton, S., Wilkinson, R. J., Smullen, R. P., & Taylor, R. S. (2019). Effects of an unprecedented summer heatwave on the growth performance, flesh colour and plasma biochemistry of marine cage-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of thermal biology, 80, 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.12.021
Yanar, M., Öter, H. H., & Evliyaoğlu, E. (2020). Fenoksietanol ve Açlık Süresinin Japon Balığının (Carassius auratus) Taşınmasında Stok Miktarına Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(6), 1554-1560. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.658550
Yang, M., Wei, J., Wang, Y., Shen, C., & Xie, X. (2021). Short‐term starvation affects fatty acid metabolism of Daphnia magna neonates and juveniles. Aquatic Sciences, 83, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-00771-7

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pisciculture

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Dilara Kaya Öztürk ^*
0000-0003-2505-231X
Türkiye

Recep Öztürk
0000-0002-8842-0493
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

January 30, 2025

Publication Date

February 12, 2025

Submission Date

August 23, 2024

Acceptance Date

November 25, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA92DF59UU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kaya Öztürk, D., & Öztürk, R. (2025). A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(1), 232-246. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643

AMA

1.Kaya Öztürk D, Öztürk R. A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2025;28(1):232-246. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643

Chicago

Kaya Öztürk, Dilara, and Recep Öztürk. 2025. “A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi 28 (1): 232-46. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643.

EndNote

Kaya Öztürk D, Öztürk R (February 1, 2025) A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 28 1 232–246.

IEEE

[1]D. Kaya Öztürk and R. Öztürk, “A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea”, KSU J. Agric Nat., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 232–246, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643.

ISNAD

Kaya Öztürk, Dilara - Öztürk, Recep. “A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 28/1 (February 1, 2025): 232-246. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643.

JAMA

1.Kaya Öztürk D, Öztürk R. A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2025;28:232–246.

MLA

Kaya Öztürk, Dilara, and Recep Öztürk. “A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 1, Feb. 2025, pp. 232-46, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643.

Vancouver

1.Dilara Kaya Öztürk, Recep Öztürk. A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2025 Feb. 1;28(1):232-46. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1537643